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Topic: Distributed Interactive Simulation

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Computer simulation

DARPA

	Architectures for Distributed Interactive Simulation
		The DIS interoperability properties allow heterogeneous simulators to interact such that interactions are ``seamless'' to the participants and allow a ``fair fight.'' This means that when an exercise uses simulators of dissimilar abilities, these dissimilarities do not affect the outcome of the exercise.
		Simulations are the actual entity simulator/simulation ``participants.'' These components are responsible for maintaining the simulated state of all entities.
		Thus, the behavior of an aircraft subsystem is simulated by simulating and coordinating the behaviors of its components.
	www.sei.cmu.edu /architecture/Architectures_for_DIS.html (7487 words)

	STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS IN DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION - WSC99
		Distributed simulations are those applications that span multiple computer devices, executables, or geographic areas.
		Distributed simulation is widely applied in military training systems in which computers and executables have been joined together through techniques like the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocol, Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP), and the High Level Architecture (HLA).
		Many simulations are driven by statistical distributions that characterize the average behavior of a system, but do not claim accuracy for individual events or small time intervals.
	www.simulationfirst.com /papers/wsc99 (2995 words)

	Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In distributed interactive simulation, real people can take part, using real equipment, to do the things they have to do in a real war, fighting against or alongside other people and systems that are simulated by computer models.
		Effective distributed simulation depends on very low latency between the time a new state/event occurs for a simulated entity to the time that the state/event is perceived by another entity that must react to it.
		A simulated compass (grid azimuth indicator) is a three-digit display depicting the orientation of the hull of the vehicle referenced to grid north.
	www-ece.engr.ucf.edu /~jza/classes/4781/DIS/project.html (4804 words)

	Distributed, Interactive Simulation
		The first approach supported by FLAMES to allow distributed and/or interactive simulation is one that has been applied many times, in one form or another, in a wide variety of applications.
		This approach to distributed, interactive simulation offers many important capabilities, particularly when the DIS protocol is used.
		Redefine the composition of Units in the scenario and alter the tasks that Units are to perform during the course of the scenario.
	www.ternion.com /products/detailed/dis.htm (2110 words)

	SYNBAD
		In 1993, 45 organizations were involved in a DIS exercise involving over 70 simulations or simulators, located both physically at the conference and at various remote locations throughout the country.
		It is, as stated, built around Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) message-passing protocols and standards, and to the maximum extent, leverages off research and development work performed at Rome Lab (e.g., in modeling and simulation science, open systems, Client-Server Environments, etc).
		I modeling and simulation activities at Rome Lab, and adherence to community standards and to the burgeoning world of Distributed Interactive Simulation, it is an idea whose development should be ardently pursued and, once completed, vigorously publicized.
	www.rl.af.mil /tech/papers/ModSim/SYNBAD.html (5566 words)

	[No title]
		The Concept Distributed Interactive Simulation models the virtual battlefield as a collection of "entities" that interact with one another by means of "events" that they cause.
		Observer Node The function of the Observer Node is to allow a simulation to be dynamically displayed, either as it is being executed or by replaying DIS PDUs recorded during its execution.
		Based on an impressive legacy of C3I modeling and simulation activities at Rome Lab, and adherence to community standards and to the burgeoning world of Distributed Interactive Simulation, it is an idea whose development should be ardently pursued and, once completed, vigorously publicized.
	www.rl.af.mil /tech/papers/docs/SYNBAD.doc (4721 words)

	[No title]
		This white paper summarizes the Distributed Interactive Simulation environment that is under development, with regard to its real-time nature, scope and magnitude of networking requirements.
		The PDUs that are exchanged among simulation entities running at these sites must carry all of the information necessary to inform each site regarding everything relevant that occurs with regard to all other sites that have the potential to affect it within the simulation.
		Under fully distributed models, all simulation entities rely directly on the network protocols for multicasting and are therefore endowed with much flexibility with regard to their ability to join and leave multicast groups dynamically, in large numbers.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc1667.txt (2207 words)

	Incorporating Realistic Environmental Effects into Distributed Interactive Simulation
		One of the activities is to incorporate realistic environmental effects in distributed simulation exercises.
		The inclusion of interactive environmental effects is necessary to achieve a realistic battle simulation.
		This model is intended to support concurrent capture and distribution of the environmental state based on the latest forecast and observational data, and is the mode appropriate for supporting future Advanced Distributed Simulation (ADS) exercises that will integrate live entities.
	www.ait.nrl.navy.mil /5585/Papers/Wx_DISweb.html (3212 words)

	MetaVR A Distributed Interactive Simulation Intranet Using RAMP
		The CAS document indicates that crewed simulators have minimal latency tolerances between 100 to 300 milliseconds and computer-generated forces have a tolerance of 500 milliseconds.
		Ping can be configured to act like a DIS simulator in that the packet size, number of packets, and frequency of packet transmission between hosts spanning the WAN can be set to replicate the network traffic of a simulation.
		The ping simulator is then run at time intervals that match the packet rates per second for the given transmission rates found for a given number of entities.
	www.metavr.com /technology/papers/rampdis.html (4110 words)

	Public STINET - DTIC Review v3n2bib
		The SM's functionality is extended by the ability to broadcast simulated GPS satellite transmissions in compliance with Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocol standards.
		Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) directly involves the human in the simulation loop, and contains the real-time communication of heterogeneous simulators spread throughout wide geographical areas.
		The purpose of this conference is to focus on basic research problems in the overall area of distributed simulation with an emphasis on problems occurring in interactive environments.
	stinet.dtic.mil /dticrev/v3n2bib.html (8868 words)

	VI.C.3. Distributed Interactive Simulation
		Distributed interactive simulation can thus be used Army-wide to accelerate research and to permit advances in technology to be brought to the field in a timely fashion, helping to assure technological superiority on the battlefield.
		They are: the TRADOC Battle Laboratories; the Distributed Interactive Simulation General Officer Steering Committee (DIS GOSC) recently subsumed by the newly established Army Model and Simulation General Officer Steering Committee (AMSGOSC) and its collateral organizations; STRICOM; FORCE XXI; and the Information Sciences and Technology Directorate (ISTD) within ARL.
		As such, TRADOC is responsible for the Army-wide integration of DIS requirements, the development of the DIS Master Plan, proponency for DIS verification and validation, and prioritization of the scheduling of DIS facilities.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/army/docs/astmp/c6/P6C3.htm (1522 words)

	DIS Reference Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		To support large-scale Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercises effectively, scalable approaches to supporting information flow among the individual distributed simulators must be found.
		We constructed simulations to study the network level characteristics of this approach on both small (500 entities) and large (50,000 entities) simulations.
		These simulations provided insight into the computational and communications demands of this technique, including the rate at which incoming PDUs are filtered at the application gateways, the PDU traffic expected on the individual LANs, and the effect of the grid size used for the multicast groupings.
	cs.gmu.edu /~white/Pages/dis.html (515 words)

	[No title]
		Abstract: The systems engineering aspects of establishing and operating a distributed interactive simulation (DIS) environment are of interest to those that have been through the process.
		Abstract: Distributed interactive simulation (DIS) or SIMNET has become the primary environment for force-on-force training, but realistic high-resolution IR effects for DIS have been lacking.
		Thus it is desirable to apply distributed simulation technology to train logistics personnel in their combat support roles.
	www.spie.org /web/abstracts/2400/2495.html (1630 words)

	IEEE Begins to Revise Four Simulation Standards
		HLA is used in simulations for training, analysis and other functions in many fields, including defense, entertainment and medicine.
		IEEE P1516 "Standard for Modeling and Simulation (MandS) High Level Architecture (HLA)--Framework and Rules", which describes the general principles defining HLA and delineates rules that apply to HLA federations and federates.
		IEEE P1516.1 "Standard for Modeling and Simulation (MandS) High Level Architecture (HLA)--Federate Interface Specification", defines the interface between federates (simulations, supporting utilities or interfaces to live systems) and the underlying software services that support interfederate communication in a distributed simulation domain.
	standards.ieee.org /announcements/pr_simulation.html (460 words)

	ACM for Windows
		Tinker and explore the world of flight simulation as you never have been able to before.
		ACM's network communication protocol is the IEEE 1278 "Distributed Interactive Simulation" (DIS) standard.
		People that have been rummaging around in the guts of their favorite simulators for a long time -- lacking source code limits the experience, though.
	www.websimulations.com /acmfw.htm (344 words)

	National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure: Archives
		One hundred processors of the 164-processor IBM SP system at SDSC were used for communication, data server functions, and the simulation of 6,989 vehicles, while the 256-processor HP Exemplar system at Caltech bore the brunt of the simulation, providing 240 total processors and coordinating the simulation of 21,951 vehicles.
		At each site, approximately 75-80% of the processors were used to simulate vehicles, while the remaining processors handled communications, simulation data services, and I/O. According to Brunett, the ratio of simulation to communication and I/O processors for the TARA demo was purposely conservative and could have been increased by at least 5 to 10%.
		A live, 3-D visualization of 15K interacting vehicles from the total exercise atop the terrain of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Iraq was also demonstrated at the TARA briefing..
	www.npaci.edu /online/v2.7/globus.html (836 words)

	Architectures for Distributed Interactive Simulation (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This report presents a snapshot of work in progress and discusses architectures for such software quality attributes as modifiability, performance, and integrability.
		We give examples of different architectures which are associated with Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) systems and discuss their applicability to various software qualities.
		The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense and operated by Carnegie Mellon University.
	www.sei.cmu.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /publications/articles/arch-dist-int-sim.html (227 words)

	Dia-Sim Distributed Interactive Analysis and Simulation Freelance Services
		Here is where Dia-Sim comes in - you supply the subject to be simulated and Dia-Sim will embed and wrap it in an interactive simulation applet.
		Whether you're a researcher preparing for funding or publishing an article in a technical journal, to a teacher trying to convey an abstract concept, interactive simulations can bring your world closer to those who need to understand it.
		Dia-Sim is not associated with DIS or the Distributed Interactive Simulation Protocol (IEEE Standard 1278.1).
	www.dia-sim.com /index.htm (263 words)

	On The Net Resources in Virtual Reality - Distributed VR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Naval Postgraduate School is an academic institution whose emphasis is on study and research programs relevant to the Navy's interests, as well as to the interests of other arms of the Department of Defense.
		Projects include The Virtual Classroom which is intended to provide distributed users with a number of cooperative virtual reality based applications in order to experiment with a simulated set of physical properties.
		CSL's objective is to "contribute extensively to social and industrial development through original research that looks ahead to the 21st century." Current research is concerned with distributed operating systems, computer networks, programming languages, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence, among other research areas.
	www.hitl.washington.edu /projects/knowledge_base/distributedvr.html (327 words)

	The PARADISE Project
		The PARADISE (Performance ARchitecture for Advanced Distributed Interactive Simulation Environments) project aims to architect and build a large-scale internetworked simulation environment that would support multi-player interactive, 3D-simulations running over a wide-area network.
		Example applications of such an infrastructure include military battlefield training and weapons testing (such as the DIS (Distributed Interactive Simulation) exercises), multiplayer games, amusement park rides, collaborative design, and many others.
		Distributed Interactive Simulation-- slides from an introductory talk given at Stanford in cs244b, June 1, 1995.
	www.dsg.stanford.edu /paradise.html (369 words)

	QuickSet: A Multimodal Interface for Distributed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We demonstrate QuickSet, a wireless, handheld, collaborative, system that can be used to control distributed interactive simulations based on the ModSAF simulator [3] and a 3-D terrain visualization system called CommandVu.
		Multimodal interaction provides the user with the ability to capitalize on both sets of advantages, using whatever modality meets the needs of the moment.
		The Open Agent Architecture [2] is a distributed agent framework that fosters interoperation among agents running on PC's or Unix platforms located anywhere on the Internet.
	www.cse.ogi.edu /~pcohen/UISTdemo1.html (1151 words)

	Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		1st International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications (DIS-RT '97), 9-10 January 1997, Eilat, Israel.
		DEVS Formalism as a Framework for Advanced Distributed Simulation.
		Simulation Of Fine-Grained Parallel Algorithms With The ALT (Animated Language Tools) System.
	www.vldb.org /dblp/db/conf/dsrt/disrt1997.html (88 words)

	Distributed Interactive Simulation
		Some of the issues being addressed include: the robust representation of humans in the DIS synthetic environment, the multi-resolution networking of human interactions, and the addition of physical, wounding models into the DIS synthetic environment.
		A user can interact with the synthetic environment independent of limited scripted animations.
		Efficient multicast networking means have been developed to receive/send high frequency data from the user interface tracking real-time upper body motions.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /~graphics/medisim/report2/node7.html (621 words)

	SISO
		Welcome to the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization's (SISO) home on the web.
		Dedicated to facilitating simulation interoperability across a wide spectrum, SISO provides forums, educates the MandS community on implementation, and supports standards development.
		This has resulted in a single body for creating and promoting interoperability standards in the MandS community.
	siso.sc.ist.ucf.edu (183 words)

	Georeferencing Requirements for Distributed Interactive Conflict Simulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		To insure a level playing field joint interactive simulation of virtual conflicts require the use of standardized Earth reference models (ERM).
		Entity dynamics models depend on both the coordinate system and the ERM.
		SEDRIS will permit the use of synthetic natural environmental data standardized to ERMs for a number of coordinate systems.
	www.ai.sri.com /geovrml/vrml98/toms/tsld002.htm (52 words)

	I/ITSEC 1992 Abstracts
		A Prototype of a Simulation Network Using the Distributed Interactive Simulation Network Standard
		Discrete Event Simulation and Analysis of DIS Network Architectures
		Estimating the Impact of Restricting Simulated Motion on Transfer of Training in Rotary Wing Aircraft
	www.simsysinc.com /i_itsec92.htm (649 words)

	Redsim : Windows® Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Tools
		based DIS tools to facilitate the configuration, testing, fault finding and monitoring of simulators operating with the DIS Protocol, both in a Local Area and a Wide Area Network configuration.
		Since 1990, Redsim has been providing consulting services to both Industry and the Royal Australian Navy in relation to a number of simulators.
		The simulators developed and/or supported ranged from small Part Task Trainers up to the RAN’s major Tactical Simulators located at HMAS WATSON, Sydney Australia.
	www.redsim.com /index.html (239 words)

	IEEE Standards Online Computer Simulation Standards (Only available as part of the All Inclusive Standards Subscription)
		This set of standards is only available as part of the All Inclusive Standards Subscription and the All Inclusive Information Technology Standards Subscription.
		IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation--Application Protocols (Revision and redesignation of IEEE Std 1278-1993) (An errata is available)
		IEEE Trial-Use Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive Simulation--Verification, Validation, and Accreditation
	standards.ieee.org /catalog/olis/compsim.html (179 words)

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