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Topic: Distributed generation

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	UCI scientists first to predict air quality impact of small-scale power sources
		Distributed generation should be installed equally throughout the air basin, not concentrated in any one area, and the cleanest generation technologies such as fuel cell and photovoltaic devices should be used.
		If fuel cells alone were used in place of a mixture of distributed generation technology investigated by the research team, they could lead to a reduction of up to three parts per billion in peak ozone and up to two micrograms per cubic meter of peak particulate matter, researchers said.
		Their findings suggest that fuel cell distributed generation could reduce future peak ozone concentrations by as much as six parts per billion and peak particulate matter by up to three micrograms per cubic meter compared to current power plant technology.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-08/uoc--usf082106.php (1037 words)

	Modeling Distributed Electricity Generation in the NEMS Buildings Models
		Although the emerging distributed generation technologies (PV, fuel cells and microturbines) exhibit cost declines throughout the projection period, the cost declines are not large enough to spur significant projected gains in penetration over the next 20 years under the reference case conditions.
		Total distributed generation in the buildings sector is projected to increase by 56 trillion Btu from the reference case in 2020, with most of the increase occurring after 2010.
		Distributed generation technologies, particularly fuel cells and PV, have received a great deal of attention from the energy community regarding their potential to save energy, increase the reliability of electricity supply, and decrease the cost of extending the current electrical grid.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/analysispaper/electricity_generation.html (5851 words)

	Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation Task Force
		Distributed generation (smaller generators that produce power locally apart from centralized grid) also has the potential to significantly reduce emissions and promote greater cost and network efficiencies.
		As a distributed generator this solar project will bring value to the electricity network and local economy across the country in addition to the valuable technology transfer.
		Transmission and distribution loss estimates for India are as high as 30-50%, and the many communities that currently receive poor quality and unreliable power provide a key opportunity for intervention.
	www.state.gov /g/oes/rls/fs/2006/75369.htm (3508 words)

	OE: Distributed Energy Program Home Page
		Distributed energy offers solutions to many of the nation's most pressing energy and electric power problems, including flouts and brownouts, energy security concerns, power quality issues, tighter emissions standards, transmission bottlenecks, and the desire for greater control over energy costs.
		The Distributed Energy Program supports cost-effective research and development aimed at lowering costs, reducing emissions, and improving reliability and performance to expand opportunities for the installation of distributed energy equipment today and in the future.
		Systems that combine distributed power generation with equipment that uses thermal energy to improve overall energy efficiency and fuel use.
	www.eere.energy.gov /de (115 words)

	Renewingindia.org: Distributed Generation Forum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If however, the cost of generation is not the factor and instead, the tariff for these is set at a higher preferential level, the affordability becomes an issue and the SEBs with their low purchase capacity are bound to ignore these sources.
		At present, the poor state of the rural distribution network, restricted supply policy and poor load growth opportunity due to the unreliability of supply all conspire to ensure that the effective consumption from the distributed generation projects is not adequately localised.
		The key to encouraging distributed generation may not lie in special fiscal benefits or preferential tariffs, because these are unsustainable in the short as well as long run.
	www.renewingindia.org /dgforum/art1.html (1648 words)

	New Jersey Natural Gas :: Conservation :: Distributed Generation
		Our Distributed Generation Team is your source for information about on-site electric generation with natural gas at your business or home.
		Distributed Generation - The process of generating electricity at or near the point of use.
		Distributed generation provides electricity for your home or business through the use of small-scale power generation technology.
	www.njng.com /conservation/distrGen (268 words)

	Advances in Distributed Generation Technologies (Technical Insights)
		"This has led the focus to shift to distributed generation technologies that enable the power to be generated close to the location where it is required," says the analyst of this research service.
		In developed countries, distribution generation technologies are primarily viewed as a way to meet the overall shortage of power and to reduce any additional burden on transmission networks.
		Clearly, it would be very difficult for any power utility to cater to such massive incremental power needs using the existing transmission and distribution network, and this is bound to further emphasize the role played by distributed generation technologies.
	www.marketresearch.com /product/display.asp?productid=1370786&partnerid=869726943 (565 words)

	Distributed Generation, Distributed Resources, Distributed Energy Resources
		Distributed generation (DG), distributed resources (DR), distributed energy resources (DER) or dispersed power (DP) is the use of small-scale power generation technologies located close to the load being served.
		Updated to cover final corrected data through the end of 2003, the DG Monitor's 2005 Installed Base of U.S. Distributed Generation measures the total number of units, capacities, generation and thermal output by 19 size ranges.
		The 2004 Potential U.S. Market for Distributed Generation report provides a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of economically viable market potential for 5 likely scenarios, and forecasts the total number of units, capacities, generation and thermal output for 18 size ranges, by technology, by application.
	www.distributed-generation.com (337 words)

	Fresh Energy Resources - Distributed Generation
		The Minnesota Legislature has required that the PUC adopt standards for interconnection of distributed generation that uses natural gas or an equally clean or cleaner fuel under 10 MW in Minnesota that should remove some barriers to deployment of these technologies.
		This order establishes technical interconnection standards for distributed energy projects of 10 MW or less and requires utilities to file proposed distributed generation tariffs for those projects within 90 days based on criteria established within the order.
		Distributed Generation Standard Interconnection and Power Purchase Tariff - less than or equal to 2 MW; MPUC Tariff Section 10, sheets 36-72 (including interconnection requirements, power purchase contract, application to interconnect form for items 1-3, interconnection agreement).
	www.fresh-energy.org /resources/distributed_gen.htm (751 words)

	Distributed Generation
		Distributed generation (DG) is the use of small electrical power generation equipment (typically less than 30 Megawatts) located near consumers and centers of electricity demand.
		The practice of meeting energy needs with decentralized or distributed generation units is increasing in the U.S. Distributed generation provides reliable electric power and allows businesses to save on electricity costs by using their DG units during high-demand peak periods when power is most expensive.
		The gap between generation capacity and demand is shrinking and according to the North American Electric Reliability Council, the spare available capacity margin was a mere 19% in July of 2003.
	www.aaenvironment.com /DG.htm (1301 words)

	Distributed Generation
		Distributed generation (DG) plants are different: they produce power on a customer's site or at the site of a local distribution utility and supply power to the local distribution network directly.
		Distributed generation may also be better positioned to use low-cost fuels such as landfill gas.
		Distributed generation is expected to play a greater role in OECD power generation over the coming decades.
	www.3nw.com /energy/dg/distributed_generation.htm (3261 words)

	PowerPedia:Distributed Generation - PESWiki
		Distributed energy, or distributed generation, is a system in which electricity is produced at a large number of small to medium-sized power plants, rather than at one or more large capacity plants.
		Distributed generation is not confined to fossil fuel.
		Distribution networks are a natural monopoly and are thus tightly regulated to ensure that they do not draw excess profits at the expense of the consumer.
	peswiki.com /index.php/Distributed_generation (1979 words)

	Distributed Electricity Generation May Gather Steam (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Power derived from distributed generation can be more efficient because it does not have to travel over the transmission and distribution lines.
		The power generated from micro turbines can be up to twice as efficient as that of the power produced by a conventional power plant and close to four times greater if the waste heat is recycled and used for other energy purposes.
		Both the cost to construct power plants and to erect transmission and distribution lines is enormous, which is why they view distributed generation makers as their partners—not competition.
	www.rppi.org /distributedgeneration.html (1795 words)

	Distributed Generation is Making Waves (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To the extent that businesses derive their power from distributed generation, traffic along the grid would diminish and reliability for customers would be enhanced.
		Implementing distributed generation can be as simple as installing a small electric generator to provide backup power at an electricity consumer's site.
		Policymakers definitely recognize the virtues, but, if distributed generation is to become a mainstream of the American energy picture, then it's not just regulatory and engineering policies that must change.
	www.rppi.org /distributedgen.shtml (2566 words)

	Distributed Generation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Distributed generation (DG) is the strategic placement of small power generating units (5 kW to 25 MW) at a customer's facility.
		Instead of generating power through combustion, a fuel cell uses an electrochemical process to extract the hydrogen from natural gas and convert it directly into electricity and hot water.
		The spinning action (torque) spins the shaft of a generator, which converts the mechanical torque to an electrical output.
	www.elizabethtowngas.com /BusinessCustomers/DistributedGeneration.aspx (1016 words)

	Distributed Generation Library
		Distributed Generation: Technology Challenges and Needs - A presentation reviewing DG technology challenges, given at the American Power Conference in Chicago, on April 7, 1999, by N. Richard Friedman.
		Increasing Power Reliability Via Distributed Generation - A presentation describing how evolving DG technologies can and are being used to increase both customer and grid reliability, presented at Power Quality 2000 on October 5, 2000, by E.J. Honton.
		Emissions from Distributed Generation - A summary of air emissions from DG equipment presented to the California Energy Commission on April 20, 2000, by Sheryl Carter.
	www.distributed-generation.com /library.htm (1640 words)

	Distributed generation \| Leonardo ENERGY
		The new, relatively small, distributed generation (DG) units are usually connected to distribution networks, not designed to host power generators.
		Distributed generation refers to the local generation of electricity and (in the case of a cogeneration system) heat for industrial processes or space heating, etc. The economics of DG and RES depend on many factors.
		The relatively small new generating units are usually connected to distribution networks, which are not designed to host power generators.
	www.leonardo-energy.org /drupal/distributed_generation (3486 words)

	Distributed Generation
		Distributed generation has the potential to bring substantial benefits to electric cooperatives and their consumers.
		In NRECA’s view, regulatory requirements to interconnect distributed generation should not risk degrading electric reliability or safety, or unfairly shift costs to consumers that do not stand to benefit from the addition of these resources.
		NRECA maintains a “Distributed Generation Interconnection Toolkit” that provides guidance for developing policies and procedures related to distributed generation.
	www.nreca.org /PublicPolicy/ElectricIndustry/distributedgeneration.htm (362 words)

	Distributed Generation (Rule 21 Retail Generators)
		Distributed Generation (DG), also referred to as Retail Generators, applies to customers who install generators to reduce the amount of power they purchase from the utility.
		The generation facilities must be certified to operate in parallel with the electric system grid—i.e., not back-up generation—and must meet other criteria established by the CPUC.
		If the generation facility operates on natural gas delivered by Pacific Gas and Electric Company, an Application for Gas Service must be submitted to the local PG&E Service Planning Department for processing in accordance with Gas Rule(s) 15/16.
	www.pge.com /suppliers_purchasing/new_generator/retail_generators (1755 words)

	Distributed Generation and Solar Energy
		Distributed generation typically ranges from 1 kilowatt to 5 Megawatts in capacity.
		The electricity is then transported through the transmission and distribution infrastructure to the customer/user.
		In general, winds exceeding 5 m/s (11 mph) are required for cost-effective application of small grid-connected wind machines, while windfarms require wind speeds of 6 m/s (13 mph).
	www.solarbuzz.com /DistributedGeneration.htm (1104 words)

	Our Hydrogen + Fuel Cell Future - Applications - Distributed Generation
		With distributed generators, we have more redundancy and, therefore, higher probability that the power will stay on.
		In the near future, fuel cell generators won't replace conventional power plants, but will be used in conjunction with the grid.
		The fuel cell generator could also be used to supplement the grid power on a daily basis.
	h2pac-h2fc.gc.ca /en/distributed-e.html (393 words)

	New Rules Project - Democratic Energy - MN Distributed Generation Tariff Development and Resources
		The Minnesota Legislature required that the PUC adopt standards for interconnection of distributed generation that uses natural gas or an equally clean or cleaner fuel under 10 MW in Minnesota that should remove some barriers to deployment of these technologies.
		Distributed Generation Standard Interconnection and Power Purchase Tariff - less than or equal to 2 MW; MPUC Tariff Section 10, sheets 36-72 (including interconnection requirements, power purchase contract, application to interconnect form for items 1-3, interconnection agreement).
		Distributed Generation Interconnection Tool Kit - a number of resources to help electric cooperatives address the legal, economic and technical issues raised by consumer-owned generation.
	www.newrules.org /dgtariff (2994 words)

	EPRI: Distributed Generation Implementation Guidelines: Siting, Environmental Permitting, and Licensing
		In 1997, EPRI conducted a study of how distributed generation (DG) was implemented at approximately 125 facilities in California and throughout the Midwest.
		To examine current implementation issues with regard to distributed generation, EPRI, during 1997, conducted a study to document experiences with distributed generation in three key market segments.
		Also in the questionnaire were questions concerning a broad overview of the energy environment, both technical and regulatory, in which distributed generation facilities will operate in the future.
	www.epri.com /OrderableitemDesc.asp?product_id=TR%2D111545&targetnid=224811&value=01T034.0&marketnid=238295&oitype=6&searchdate=10/31/1998 (727 words)

	Research - Energy - - Introduction to Distributed Generation
		Much of the energy generated today is produced by large-scale, centralised power plants using fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), hydropower or nuclear power, with energy being transmitted and distributed over long distances to consumers.
		In contrast, in a power system composed of distributed energy resources, much smaller amounts of energy are produced by numerous small, modular energy conversion units, which are often located close to the point of end use.
		The models for future architecture of electricity systems recognise the fundamental fact that with increased levels of distributed generation penetration, the distribution network can no longer be considered as a passive appendage to the transmission network - the entire system has to be designed and operated as an integrated unit.
	ec.europa.eu /research/energy/nn/nn_rt/nn_rt_dg/article_1158_en.htm (1290 words)

	Distributed Generation - RENEW Wisconsin
		Composed of utility distribution engineers, renewable system installers, technical experts and state agency officials, the PSC’s Interconnection Advisory Committee is very close to reaching consensus on a rules package, which will be forwarded to the Commission for review in late July or early August.
		It identifies a concern with the cumulative effects of numerous diesel or gas-powered distributed generators that individually would be exempt from the air permit requirements of the federal Clean Air Act (CAA).
		DISTRIBUTED GENERATION -- locating electricity generators close to the point of consumption -- provides some unique benefits to power companies and customers that are not available from centralized electricity generation.
	www.renewwisconsin.org /dg/dg1.html (1727 words)

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