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Topic: Distributive efficiency

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Pareto Efficiency Quiz d) allocative efficiency, productive efficiency, and distributive efficiency. a) The first allocation satisfies distributive efficiency; the second allocation does not. 6) The necessary condition for allocative efficiency is that each commodity be produced in an amount that makes the marginal benefit to society of the last unit produced equal to the marginal cost to society of that last unit. econweb.rutgers.edu /blair/102/olquiz/pareffqz/pareffqz.htm   (616 words)

LexisNexis(TM) Academic - Document We then use the methods of optimal taxation to explore how the efficiency costs and redistributive features of various progressive rate structures comport with a wide variety of welfarist ethics, ranging from utilitarianism to the Rawlsian leximin. The prima facie case against progressivity argues that the progressive rate structure is undesirable because it reduces labor efficiency and output, increases the cost and complexity of tax administration, promotes the misdeployment of capital, and reduces tax compliance. Thus, welfarist theories of distributive justice permit taxation either to finance public goods or to redistribute income, if the well-being of individuals in the society is thereby improved. www.elon.edu /justice/fire/bankmantax.htm   (616 words)

Herbert Spencer [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] He also rejected utilitarianism and its model of distributive justice because he held that it rested on an egalitarianism that ignored desert and, more fundamentally, biological need and efficiency. Thus, Spencer writes, "In science the important thing is to modify and change one's ideas as science advances." As scientific knowledge was primarily empirical, however, that which was not 'perceivable' and could not be empirically tested could not be known. He was initially an advocate of many of the causes of philosophic radicalism and some of his ideas (e.g., the definition of 'good' and 'bad' in terms of their pleasurable or painful consequences, and his adoption of a version of the 'greatest happiness principle') show similarities to utilitarianism. www.iep.utm.edu /s/spencer.htm   (3489 words)

Pareto Efficiency Quiz d) allocative efficiency, productive efficiency, and distributive efficiency. 6) The necessary condition for allocative efficiency is that each commodity be produced in an amount that makes the marginal benefit to society of the last unit produced equal to the marginal cost to society of that last unit. b) allocation 1 is Pareto efficient, but allocation 3 is not. econweb.rutgers.edu /blair/102/olquiz/pareffqz/pareffqz.htm   (616 words)

THE ETHICAL CONSTRAINTS OF NEO-CLASSICAL ECONOMICS According to Phelps, distributive equity is not the focus of neo-classical economic order, because under rational choices, the economistic motive to maximize profits, utility, output and productivity, renders the ethical goal of distributive equity less attractive, more costly to attain than economic efficiency. Now, in a general intersectorial case of a multisectorial economy, such a trade-off between greater distributive equity and lesser economic efficiency becomes untenable in a market of output optimizing firms and utility maximizing consumers. In a neo-classical economic system, market consequentialism cannot be in favour of distributive equity, when scarce resource are being allocated across competing ends for the purpose of output and utility optimization. islamic-finance.net /islamic-economy/chap11/chap11-1.html   (296 words)

BCSIA - Publication - Assessing the Challenges Confronting Distributive Electricity Generation Fourth, while newer fuel-based distributive generation options emit conventional pollution at levels that are comparable to those reached by new central stations, their low efficiency levels result in much higher carbon emissions per unit of electricity generated. Second, today’s gas-fired distributive generators, such as microturbines, have an efficiency rate that is about half that of a new gas-fired central plant.  For microturbines to be competitive with grid based retail power priced at 12 cents, they would have to improve their efficiency level by approximately 50%. The paper concludes that distributive generation technologies will have to dramatically improve their efficiency and reduce their costs if they are to become competitive with power purchased from the grid. bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu /publication.cfm?program=CORE&ctype=paper&item_id=373   (897 words)

chapter11.html According to Phelps, distributive equity is not the focus of neo-classical economic order, because under rational choices, the economistic motive to maximize profits, utility, output and productivity, renders the ethical goal of distributive equity less attractive, more costly to attain than economic efficiency. In a neo-classical economic system, market consequentialism cannot be in favour of distributive equity, when scarce resource are being allocated across competing ends for the purpose of output and utility optimization. The economic arrangement and the nature of institutional and sectorial interlinkages and cooperative mechanism, all cause such a regime to exist. faculty.uccb.ns.ca /mchoudhu/chapter11.html   (897 words)

A role for centromere pairing in meiotic chromosome segregation -- Kemp et al. 18 (16): 1946 -- Genes and Development Karpen, G.H., Le, M.H., and Le, H. Centric heterochromatin and the efficiency of achiasmate disjunction in Drosophila female meiosis. Loidl, J., Scherthan, H., and Kaback, D.B. Physical association between nonhomologous chromosomes precedes distributive disjunction in yeast. Guacci, V. and Kaback, D.B. Distributive disjunction of authentic chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/18/16/1946   (4055 words)

SSRN-Why (and How) Fairness Matters at the IP/Antitrust Interface by Daniel Farber, Brett McDonnell We begin by surveying some challenges that have been made to the theoretical underpinnings of exclusive reliance on economic efficiency, but go on to argue that, even on the terms of welfarism, some regard for distributive fairness is appropriate. We propose that the law should also encourage a fair division of the economic surplus, at least by considering it as a tiebreaker when the dictates of economic efficiency are ambiguous or controversial. First, since fairness is a widely shared social value, rules that promote a fair distribution of the economic surplus are likely to mimic what rational people would voluntarily have agreed to ex ante. papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=439040   (489 words)

SSRN-Sustainability, Distribution, and the Macroeconomic Analysis of Law by Douglas Kysar Efficiency has become a meta-principle guiding the selection of legal rules in all manner of contexts; scale, because it relates to the ultimate capacity for human economic activity to sustain itself, is arguably of even more importance than efficiency and therefore should also be considered a meta-principle of jurisprudential importance. Additionally, consideration of scale effects by legal decisionmakers cannot be safely ignored in the way that distributive effects have been, given that no political mechanism analogous to the tax-and-transfer system exists to regulate the scale of the macroeconomy. This Article argues that such policy choices are also legitimate subjects for legal decisionmaking. papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=268949   (489 words)

Global capitalism and the state The obvious question to ask is whether growing inequality and declining democracy in the contemporary era of globalization are not connected, and whether more democratic global governance and greater global distributive justice could not go hand in hand towards a more equitable future. Meanwhile, many other governments have unabashedly embraced neoliberalism, arguing that growing inequalities of wealth and income are unavoidable side-effects of increased economic efficiency and viable public finances. The drive to accumulate surplus is prone to encourage both perpetual competition among capitalists and a highly unequal distribution of surplus value across the population at large. www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/scholte.htm   (11153 words)

On Solidarity - Institute for Human Sciences Marek Borowski expressed his belief that the distributive functions of the state as a tool for preserving solidarity in a society have greater economic efficiency than competition-based systems. Marek Borowski proclaimed that consensus and solidarity are essential to every community. According to him, a state should provide pensions for the older generation as well as scholarships for the young to provide an opportunity for those individuals who push the whole society to greater prosperity. www.iwm.at /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=166&Itemid=244   (996 words)

OhioLINK ETD: Wang, Chicheng The efficiency of different cavity depths for dispersive mixing was evaluated from the simulation and the experiment on carbon black agglomerates in the flow medium--polydimethylsiloxane. The Cavity Transfer Mixer (CTM) was primarily designed as a distributive mixing device to be used as an add-on unit to existing extruders. The flow patterns in a complete CTM with 6 rows and 4 cavities per row was simulated. www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?case1057758785   (996 words)

Psykologiska institutionen Personel Daniel Eek Eek, D., Biel, A., and Gärling, T. The effect of distributive justice on willingness to pay for municipality child care: An extension of the GEF hypothesis. Eek, D., and Biel, A. The interplay between greed, efficiency, and fairness in public-goods dilemmas. Eek, D., Biel, A., and Gärling, T. Cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas when equality is perceived as unfair. www.psy.gu.se /Personal/DanielEek.htm   (390 words)

Building Cathedrals The second priority rule, Justice over Efficiency and Welfare, is concerned with the maximizing of advantages and opportunities. (See Also: Distributive Justice, Retributive Justice, Social Justice, Comparative Justice, Procedural Justice) Justice as Fairness is achieved only when individuals are guided by rules created in the original position because it is only in this position of absolute neutrality that no individual has some advantage over the other individuals in the formation of a society. www.angelfire.com /wa2/buildingcathedrals/justice.html   (390 words)

Section on Socio-Economics Binary economics offers a new understanding of the role of private property in achieving economic efficiency, growth, and justice that is foundationally distinct from left-wing, right-wing or mixed-centrists theories and strategies. Based on the “independent productiveness of capital,” binary economics holds that capital has both a productive relationship to growth and a very potent, but presently untapped distributive relationship to growth that is independent of productivity gains and governmental strategies to redistribute income or regulate demand. Post-Keynesian economics has been described as an economic method that builds upon Keynes’ pathbreaking work in providing an alternative to neoclassical economics and that moves even further away from the marginalist method that still dominates today’s orthodox economics to address the issues raised by advanced capitalist economies. www.aals.org /am2001/3100.html   (608 words)

Law and economics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Liberal critics of the law and economics movements have argued that normative economic analysis does not capture the importance of human rights and concerns for distributive justice. Positive law and economics has also at times purported to explain the development of legal rules, for example the common law of torts, in terms of their economic efficiency. Law and economics is the term usually applied to an approach to legal theory that incorporates methods and ideas borrowed from the discipline of economics. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Law_and_economics   (1036 words)

Economic inequality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Economic inequality is thought to reduce distributive efficiency within society. A country's economic structure or system (such as capitalism, socialism and everything in between), ongoing or past wars, and individuals' different abilities to create wealth are all involved in the creation of economic inequality. The main practical argument in favor of the acceptance of economic inequality is that, as long as the cause is mainly due to differences in behavior, the inequality serves as an economic engine to push the society towards economically healthy and efficient behavior, and is therefore beneficial. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_inequality   (4589 words)

Hanoch Takings, efficiency, and distributive justice: a response to Professor Dagan.(response to Hanoch Dagan, Virginia Law Review, v. Teachers dosed with soothing 'Chicken Soup' Aiming for excellence: Author and motivator Hanoch McCarty inspires educators and PTA leaders. Playwright Hanoch Levin dies at 56 (Jerusalem Post) www.teachervision.fen.com /ce6/people/A0822641.html   (4589 words)

Hanoch on Encyclopedia.com Takings, efficiency, and distributive justice: a response to Professor Dagan.(response to Hanoch Dagan, Virginia Law Review, v. Interview: Israeli pollster Hanoch Smith discusses the public opinion among Israelis about the Camp David talks Encyclopedia.com is a service of HighBeam™ Research, Inc. www.encyclopedia.com /html/H/Hanoch.asp   (4589 words)

Herbert Spencer [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] He also rejected utilitarianism and its model of distributive justice because he held that it rested on an egalitarianism that ignored desert and, more fundamentally, biological need and efficiency. Nevertheless, Spencer's work has frequently been seen as a model for later 'libertarian' thinkers, such as Robert Nozick, and he continues to be read--and is often invoked--by 'libertarians' on issues concerning the function of government and the fundamental character of individual rights. Spencer has been frequently accused of inconsistency; one finds variations in his conclusions concerning land nationalization and reform, the rights of children and the extension of suffrage to women, and the role of government. www.iep.utm.edu /s/spencer.htm   (3489 words)

Web Site for Perfectly Random Sampling with Markov Chains: When rejection sampling has been tried, but has proved impractical, it may be possible to convert the rejection algorithm into a perfect tempering algorithm, with a significant gain in algorithm efficiency. Using our approach one can sample from the Gibbs distributions associated with various statistical mechanics models (including Ising, random-cluster, ice, and dimer) or choose uniformly at random from the elements of a finite distributive lattice. We show how Fill's version of rejection sampling can be extended to produce perfect samples of the penetrable spheres mixture process and related models. dimacs.rutgers.edu /~dbwilson/exact.html   (3489 words)

Small Market Cap Research Its speech-enabling products work to enhance user productivity and efficiency in various markets, including mobile and wireless devices; embedded speech solutions for automotive applications; computer telephony and server applications; assistive and language learning applications for everyday use with computers and electronic devices, and end-to-end distributive speech processing and connectivity. UG is rapidly penetrating the expanding threat mitigation, anti-terrorism and critical infrastructure protection markets and has already established itself as a premier provider of anti-terrorism, threat analysis services and security solutions to the U.S. Navy. With over a decade of sales history and established brand identity, Barrier is leveraging its reputation and experience to target new applications, geographic markets, and emerging industry trends with the goal of increasing market penetration and sales growth. www.pressbox.co.uk /Detailed/9749.html   (1052 words)

Steven Levitt Donohue, John J., III and Levitt, Steven D. "Guns, Violence, and the Efficiency of Illegal Markets." American Economic Review, 1998, 88 (2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association), pp. Poterba, James M. and Levitt, Steven D. "Congressional distributive politics and state economic performance." NBER Reporter, 1994, (Spring). Levitt, Steven D. Using electoral cycles in police hiring to estimate the effect of police on crime; NBER working paper series no. 4991.; National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995. www.lib.uchicago.edu /e/busecon/econfac/Levitt.html   (1052 words)

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