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Topic: Diterpenes

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	NSDL Metadata Record -- <it>In vitro </it>antileishmanial effects of antibacterial diterpenes from two ...
		Since andrographolide and other structurally related diterpenes were shown to have antileishmanial activity, the aim of the present study was to assess the
		The clerodane diterpenes 1 and 2 were most active (LD values 1.08 and 4.12 μg/ml respectively) followed by andrographolide and 3.
		The clerodane diterpenes (1, 2) which were more potent and selective than labdanes (andrographolide and 3) are promising for further studies and/or development.
	nsdl.org /mr/964108 (187 words)

	Namdhari Veg. - Peace & Respect for All Beings
		The chemicals, cafestol and kahweol, are members of a chemical family called diterpenes in coffee oils.
		The amount of diterpenes varies with the brewing method.
		Boiled coffees, such as Greek, Turkish, espresso, and those made in a French "press" coffeemaker, may have 6 to 12 mg diterpenes in a 5-ounce cup.
	www.namdhari.faithweb.com /veg/coffee.htm (380 words)

	BBC News \| HEALTH \| Filtered coffee 'just as bad for you'
		Diterpenes would be removed by sticking to the filter paper.
		The coffee they drank was around twice as strong as that in Dr Grubben's study, suggesting similar levels of homocysteine increase relative to the amount of coffee drunk, whether it was filtered or unfiltered.
		Dr Verhoef said she was surprised to see the increase in homocysteine even without the presence of diterpenes.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/654018.stm (431 words)

	projects.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The eunicellin diterpenes are a large family of biologically active natural products which have in common a bicyclo[8.4.0]tetradecane ring system, but which differ in stereochemistry and in the degree and pattern of oxidation.
		We are exploring two general approaches to the eunicellin diterpenes: the Ireland-Claisen rearrangement and the cycloaldol reaction.
		For eunicellin diterpenes possessing carbinol stereocenters at C7 and/or C8, the Ireland-Claisen rearrangement enables the relay of stereochemistry between the C14 isopropyl group and C7 / C8.
	www.uark.edu /campus-resources/mcintosh/projects.html (354 words)

	Food for Thought - 11/30/96 - Addicted to Java? Don't press it!
		The newest diterpene effect to be identified -- an increase in blood levels of an enzyme that is normally associated with damage to liver cells -- emerged in a 6-month long Dutch trial with healthy, coffee-loving volunteers.
		The diterpenes that caused LDL and other changes in the new study are not found in other hot beverages.
		Levels of the cholesterol-elevating diterpenes cafestol and kahweol in various coffee brews.
	www.sciencenews.org /sn_arch/11_30_96/food.htm (1054 words)

	Enhanced Formation of alpha -Tocopherol and Highly Oxidized Abietane Diterpenes in Water-Stressed Rosemary Plants -- ...
		The highly oxidized abietane diterpenes rosmanol, isorosmanol, and dimethyl isorosmanol are formed from carnosic acid by enzymatic dehydrogenation and the participation of activated oxygen (adapted from Luis et al., 1994b
		A, B, and C show decreases in the concentration of the abietane diterpenes carnosic acid, carnosol, and methoxycarnosic acid in response to water stress and during the day.
		Luis JG, Andrés LS, Fletcher WQ (1994a) Chemical evidence for the participation of a perepoxide intermediate in the reaction of singlet oxygen with mono-olefins in relationship with the biogenetic pathway to highly oxidised abietane diterpenes.
	plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/121/3/1047?... (3141 words)

	[No title]
		The book is designed primarily for chemists and phytochemists and limits itself to some 1,200 chemical structures of the diterpene group found in approximately 550 species in the Asteraceae (aster or sunflower family).
		One, to provide a useful reference to "guide terpenoid chemists to the literature of known compounds." The second goal was to organize chemical structure information into a classification scheme that groups compounds by "biogenetic homology," (i.e., grouping compounds with a common chemical origin or ancestry).
		The third goal was to compare the distribution of diterpenes to the botanical classification scheme that is used in organizing the Composite family into its subfamilies, tribes, subtribes, genera, etc., and to seek chemical distribution patterns that paralleled the boundaries established by plant taxonomists.
	www.herbalgram.org /tomsofmaine/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=897&p=Y (434 words)

	Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) Pathway by Tetracyclic Kaurene Diterpenes in Macrophages. ...
		Ent-kaurene diterpenes are intermediates of the synthesis of gibberellins
		Kaurene Diterpenes Inhibited IKK2 Activity-- To evaluate the effect of kaurenes on IKK2 activity, the IKK complex was IP from LPS-activated cells and assayed in vitro
		Diterpenes Did Not Affect the Percentage of CD14-positive Cells-- Because the effect of kaurene diterpenes appears to be mediated by inhibition of very early steps after LPS challenge, we
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/19/15854 (4768 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| In vitroantileishmanial effects of antibacterial diterpenes from two Ethiopian Premna ...
		Since andrographolide and other structurally related diterpenes were shown to have antileishmanial activity, the aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro effect of premna diterpenes against Leishmania aethiopica; the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.
		Previous systematic biological and phytochemical studies on this plant have identified the clerodane diterpene 1 as the antibacterial principle [13].
		With the established antileishmanial effects of structurally related diterpenes, the aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro effect of compounds 1–3 against promastigotes and axenically-cultured amastigotes of leishmania parasites.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2210/3/6 (2892 words)

	Bioactive constituents of Euphorbia sp. from Portugal
		Abstract: A new jatrophane diterpene, pubescenol (1), known ent-abietane lactones, helioscopinolide A (2) and B (3), and taraxerone, 24-methylenecycloartanol, and vanillin have been isolated from Euphorbia pubescens.
		Diterpenes 1-3 and previously described pubescene D (4) were shown to be moderate inhibitors of the growth of MCF-7, NCI-H460 and SF-268 human tumour cell lines, whereas compounds 2 and 3 also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
		Abstract: The new macrocyclic lathyrane diterpenes latilagascenes A and B (1, 2), the diacetylated derivative of 2, latilagascene C (3), and the know diterpenes ent-16α,17-dihydroxyatisan-3-one (4) and ent-16α,17-dihydroxykauran-3-one (5), isolated from the methanolic extract of Euphorbia lagascae, were examined for their effects on the reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR) on mouse lymphoma cells.
	www.dq.fct.unl.pt /qoa/abreu/euphorbia.htm (1120 words)

	Effects of coffee diterpenes on serum lipids and liver function Nutrition Research Newsletter - Find Articles
		The daily dose of coffee diterpenes given to the subjects was equivalent to that in 10-20 cups of boiled Turkish or French-press coffee.
		However, both diterpenes have strong effects on liver enzymes.
		Thus, coffee diterpenes may affect lipid metabolism and liver function through different pathways.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0887/is_n5_v16/ai_19447163 (438 words)

	Diterpenes and other constituents from Croton draco (Euphorbiaceae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Commonly known compounds such as 1-hydroxyjunenol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-methoxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol, the coumarin scopoletin, the nor-terpenoids 9-dehydrovomifoliol and 2,3-dihydrovomifoliol were obtained. Taspine, two aporphinic alkaloids, the diterpenes 9(11)-dehydrokaurenic acid, hardwikiic acid, the corresponding new 12-oxo derivative as well as five clerodanes and a phorbol ester were also isolated.
		From those works the diterpene draconine, b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, vomifoliol and ergasterol-5a,8a-endoperoxide were isolated (Rodríguez-Hahn, 1975; Hernández, J, 1992).
		The stereochemistry was deduced from the observed couplings and the results of NOE difference spectroscopy.
	rbt.ots.ac.cr /revistas/49-1/murillo/murillo.html (1411 words)

	Current Organic Chemistry, Volume 7, No. 12, 2003
		Between 1971 and 2000, eighty brominated diterpenes were isolated from only two groups of marine organisms: red algae and gastropods, so it is likely that all bromoditerpenes only originate from Rhodophyceae and herbivorous molluscs which feed on them.
		All brominated diterpenes are presented in third part with physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data available in the literature.
		The fourth part is devoted to biogenesis schemes for each carbon skeleton and the fifth part summarises the published data on biological activities of brominated diterpenes.
	www.bentham.org /coc/contabs/coc7-12.htm (966 words)

	Chardanbeauty - 101 Recipes - i 2 Organic - skin care - selfcare tips - natural cosmetics - makeovers - free perfume ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Along with its diterpene relative kahweol, cafestol increases concentrations of the 'bad' cholesterol, LDL, to levels that over a lifetime might increase the risk of coronary heart disease by as much as 20% These diterpenes also had an effect on the levels of liver enzymes measured.
		As a side note on the health effect of the diterpenes found in regular coffee, it was found that by simply drinking filter coffee, none of these effects on cholesterol levels or the liver took place.
		Other benefits of green coffee bean extract include an increase in the effectiveness of pain killers, especially for migraine medications; a reduction in the risk of diabetes; and assisting the body burn a higher proportion of lipids (fats) compared to carbohydrates, which could help with muscle fatigue for athletes and bodybuilders.
	www.chardanbeauty.com /coffee_benefits___move_over_green_tea (732 words)

	Terpenes, terpenoids
		Many terpenes are hydrocarbons, but oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols (terpenols), aldehydes or ketones are also found.
		The origin of the ubiquitous isoprene unit and its conversion into various compound has been extensively studied.The biogenesis, molecular regulation and function of plant terpenoids has been extensively reviewed by Bouvier F et al.
		Thus, several sesquiterpenes and diterpenes have antibiotic properties, some sesquiterpenes and diterpenes are insect and plant hormones, respectively.
	www.cyberlipid.org /simple/simp0004.htm (845 words)

	Terpene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As chains of isoprene units are built up, the resulting terpenes are classified sequentially by size as hemiterpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sesterterpenes, triterpenes, and tetraterpenes.
		Diterpenes are composed for four isoprene units and have the molecular formula C
		Diterpenes also form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Terpene (633 words)

	Coffee diterpenes and serum lipid transfer protein activity Nutrition Research Newsletter - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The diterpenes cafestol and kahweol appear to be responsible for this effect.
		Researchers in The Netherlands studied the effects of coffee diterpenes on human metabolism using a randomized, double-blind cross-over study with 10 healthy male volunteers.
		The amounts of diterpenes supplied per day were equivalent to those present in 10-20 cups of boiled Turkish coffee.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0887/is_n11-12_v16/ai_20152380 (426 words)

	Linking Deer Browsing and Terpene Production Among Genetic Identities in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis and Thuja plicata ...
		Total monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and diterpene concentrations in browsed and unbrowsed yellow-cedar genets grown at Jordan River (JR), Vancouver Island, Canada.
		Mean (A) monoterpene and (B) diterpene concentrations in genets from four open-pollinated western redcedar families grown at Holt Creek, Vancouver Island, Canada.
		Effects on mono- and diterpenes in Scots pine needles on moose browsing.
	jhered.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/5/370 (3400 words)

	Diterpenes, Industries at www.doncastertownmoor.co.uk - salvia divinorum, Kratom, ayahuasca
		A number of simple phenolic compounds and diterpenes with strong antibacterial properties were isolated[Chen & others, 1994].
		Ginkgo extract is obtained solely from the leaves, which contain flavonoid glycosides, flavanols, diterpenes, plant sterols and organic acids.
		Howard Hopes for Conference Tourney Run diterpenes (Washington Post) Delaware State is the preeminent favorite to win the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference tournament but Howard is...
	www.doncastertownmoor.co.uk /diterpenes.html (973 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Diterpenes from coffee beans decrease serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in humans: results from four randomised controlled trials.
		OBJECTIVE: Unfiltered coffee raises serum LDL cholesterol in humans, owing to the presence of the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol.
		We now experimentally studied the influence of coffee diterpenes on lipoprotein(a) levels.
	www.internetwks.com /pauling/lpa/lpa2.html (195 words)

	Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils
		Referring back to Isoprene units under the Hydrocarbon heading, when two of these isoprene units join head to tail, the result is a monoterpene, when three join, it’s a sesquiterpene and four linked isoprene units are called diterpenes.
		Diterpenes are made of up four isoprene units.
		Sclareol in clary sage is an example of a diterpene alcohol.
	healingdeva.com /selena2.htm (369 words)

	Cafestol, the Cholesterol-Raising Factor in Boiled Coffee, Suppresses Bile Acid Synthesis by Downregulation of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		After an 8-hour preincubation period (from 18 to 26 hours of culture), rat hepatocytes were cultured for 24 hours (between 26 to 50 hours of culture) in the presence or absence of different concentrations (0 to 20 µg/mL) of the diterpenes cafestol (circles) or a mixture (triangles).
		Absolute synthesis rate in the absence of coffee diterpenes was 2.06±0.31 µg/24 hours/mg cell protein.
		-hydroxylase and sterol 27-hydroxylase in cell homogenates in the absence of diterpenes were 291±57 and 68±4 pmol/h/mg cell protein, respectively.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/11/3064 (4548 words)

	Kaurane Diterpene, Kamebakaurin, Inhibits NF-kappa B by Directly Targeting the DNA-binding Activity of p50 and Blocks ...
		Kaurane Diterpene, Kamebakaurin, Inhibits NF-kappa B by Directly Targeting the DNA-binding Activity of p50 and Blocks the Expression of Antiapoptotic NF-kappa B Target Genes -- Lee et al.
		Kaurane diterpenes have been identified from numerous medicinal plants, which have been used for treatment of inflammation
		Structures of kamebakaurin (1) and three other kaurane diterpenes, kamebanin (2), kamebacetal A (3), and excisanin A (4) isolated from I.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/21/18411 (5515 words)

	Enhanced Formation of alpha -Tocopherol and Highly Oxidized Abietane Diterpenes in Water-Stressed Rosemary Plants -- ...
		diterpenes isorosmanol (by 25%) and dimethyl isorosmanol (by 40%)
		abietane diterpenes in drought-induced oxidative stress in rosemary
		In contrast, the highly oxidized abietane diterpenes isorosmanol
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/121/3/1047?ijkey=a94a490765e66ed6c9ad19d2d404c5f2e204605c (3141 words)

	Chem Lit
		Structure determination of 2 cembranolide diterpenes from soft corals of the genus Efflatounaria.
		Two new diterpenes having a perhydroazulene skeleton from an Okinawan soft coral of Xenia sp.
		Structures of five new diterpenes from an Okinawan soft coral of Xenia sp.
	www.calacademy.org /RESEARCH/izg/CHEMLIT.htm (14751 words)

	Neoclerodane Diterpenes as Potential Drug Abuse Therapeutics
		Purpose: Salvia divinorum is gaining popularity as a legal recreational drug in the United States and Europe.
		The main active component of the hallucinogenic sage is salvinorin A, a neoclerodane diterpene that has been shown to be a selective and potent k-opioid receptor agonist.
		Currently however, there is little research into the detailed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of Salvia divinorum, as well as both short and long-term effects of its use.
	www.aapspharmsci.org /theme_issues/abstracts/view.asp?art=Front-04-00022&pdf=yes (319 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Antifungal Clerodane Diterpenes from Macaranga Monandra (L) Muell. Et Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Two clerodane-type diterpenes were separated, identified, and shown to possess antifungal activity to Phomposis viticola and Botrytis cinerea in a 96-well plate assay.
		However, because of their low antifungal activity we believe these compounds do not play a direct role in defense against fungal pathogenesis.
		Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two active clerodane-type diterpenes that were elucidated by spectral methods (1D-, 2D NMR and MS) as kolavenic acid and 2-oxo-kolavenic acid.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=150840 (206 words)

	Biosynthesis of Indole Diterpenes, Emindole, and Paxilline: Involvement of a Common Intermediate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Biosynthesis of Indole Diterpenes, Emindole, and Paxilline: Involvement of a Common Intermediate
		The key step for construction of the carbon skeleton in the indole diterpenes, paxilline, and emindole DA was examined.
		These results give evidence that indole diterpenes are biosynthesized via epoxidation of a common intermediate, and the subsequent cationic cyclization, analogous to those in the steroid biosynthesis.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/orlef7/2004/6/i16/abs/ol049115o.html (130 words)

	Diterpenes, Industries at www.coolextreme.co.uk - Scientific Research - SANGRE DE DRAGO
		4 The diterpenes in the volatile oil have shown anti-allergic activity 5 as well.
		Toronto Hydro Telecom diterpenes announced that Toronto's downtown core will turn into a giant wireless hotspot.
		Sanyo Electric decided that continuous development of OEL is not appropriate as there is no way that OEL can compete diterpenes against LCDs.
	www.coolextreme.co.uk /diterpenes.html (855 words)

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