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Topic: Divided cities

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	Calame
		Divided cities provide a clue for predicting the fate of urban communities confronting violent crisis because the logic of their development reflects a struggle for collective safety and cultural identity.
		Divided cities breed a fatal sense of insularity as social and institutional structures are built to fit them like a straightjacket; services are rerouted and improvised, resources are atrophied and duplicated, streets and buildings are rendered obsolete, and relationships are severed.
		The city arose as a special kind of environment, favorable to co-operative association, favorable to nurture and education, because it was a protected environment…Plainly, a civilization that terminates in a cult of barbarism has disintegrated as civilization; and the war-metropolis, as an expression of these institutions, is an anti-civilizing agent: a non-city.
	www.icomos.org /usicomos/Symposium/SYMP03/Calame.htm (11281 words)

	Chinese Laws and Regulations --- People's Daily Online
		In cities divided into districts, municipal districts, counties, autonomous counties, townships, nationality townships, and towns, election committees shall be established to conduct the election of deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels.
		The election committees of cities not divided into districts, municipal districts, counties and autonomous counties shall be under the leadership of the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels.
		Article 24 The number of deputies to the people's congresses in cities not divided into districts, municipal districts, counties, autonomous counties, townships, nationality townships, and towns shall be allocated to the electoral districts, and elections shall be held in the electoral districts.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /data/laws/detail.php?id=26 (3842 words)

	Divided city: the crisis of London Stuart Hall - openDemocracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The promise of the city, which David Theo Goldberg argues for in his contribution to this debate, is increasingly looking a broken one, and it is time to name the forces which are articulated together in a process which is sub—dividing shared space into discrete, differentiated warring enclaves, before it is too late.
		They are divided by class and wealth, by rights to and over property, by occupation and use, by life—style and culture, by race and nationality, ethnicity and religion, and by gender and sexuality.
		This article is an edited extract of the lecture ‘Divided Cities’ given by Stuart Hall as part of the Oxford Amnesty Lectures series, see their website for more information and upcoming lectures.
	www.opendemocracy.net /debates/article-1-111-2191.jsp (3240 words)

	CAIN: CSC: Report: Managing Divided Cities
		Cities are a very particular realisation of this notion of disputed territory and the phenomena of group-membership and group identification find here their most complex and undeciphered forms.
		Finally there is a close analysis of the distinction between divided cities, the phrase being taken to refer to racial or ethnic division; and dual cities, which refers to division on the basis of economic and class differences.
		The emergence of new ethnic minorities in the cities of continental Europe are exemplified in a discussion of Paris, and the range of responses from the emergence of neo-nazism to bureaucratic managerialism.
	cain.ulst.ac.uk /csc/reports/manage.htm (1704 words)

	[No title]
		What a city is, and what the greatness of a city is said to be A city is said to be an assembly of people, a congregation drawn together to the end they may thereby the better live at their ease in wealth and plenty.
		The chief city of Mogora is Samarkand, which was incredibly enriched by the great Tamburlane with the spoils of all Asia, where like an horrible tempest or deadly raging flood he threw down to the ground the most ancient and worthiest cities, and carried from thence their wealth and riches.
		The cities of most magnificency and of greatest reputation are those where the ancient kings and princes held their seats, as Barcelona, Saragossa, Valencia, Cordova, Toledo, Burgos, Leon, all honourable cities and populous enough, but yet such as pass not the second rank of the cities of Italy.
	melbecon.unimelb.edu.au /het/botero/cities (15348 words)

	Hungary - Subdivisions (overview)
		The title of city is given by the head of state, there are no specific requirements, but in order to apply for the status of city, a community is expected to have a high school, permanent police station, permanent medical service, cultural institutions.
		Cities with right of county are de iure not considered part of the county where they are located, but the de facto they are part of them (the only exception is Pest county, whose capital - Budapest - is outside the county, de iure and de facto).
		The main difference between a "normal" city and a "city with right of county" is that a normal city offer services only to its own habitants and to surrounding communities, while a "city with right of county" offer services to a larger region, including to surrounding cities.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/hu-.html (2671 words)

	Governmental Units
		From the middle of the 20th century and earlier, all counties were administered by the towns (and cities) within their bounds.
		A city is not within a town, and has all the responsibilities of a town.
		In addition, a city may have additional responsibilities depending on it's charter; for example, cities are usually responsible for the schools within its bounds.
	prometheusli.com /hamlet/GovernmentalUnits.htm (1222 words)

	World of Warcraft - Major Cities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Once you have located the appropriate merchant in each city and at various outposts in the region, you will be able to travel to and from cities on the backs of winged beasts such as Gryphons and Windriders, for a small fee of course.
		A city in tune with the rush and flow of nature, Darnassus was built along the shores of a large lake, with elegant bridges spanning its crystalline waters.
		The proud city also stands as a refuge for the brave Hunters who stalk their dangerous prey through the plains of Mulgore and its surrounding areas.
	www.blizzard.com /wow/townhall/cities.shtml (1223 words)

	ICAS Projects
		The Cities and Urban Knowledges Project was directed by Thomas Bender.
		Although the Project was concerned with the contemporaneity of the metropolitan experience and cultural artifacts in various historical moments, the role of the metropolis as a repository of history was also examined for its contribution to contemporary innovation.
		Cities and regions may be gaining in relation to nations.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/icas/cities_urban.htm (1213 words)

	The Spectrum, St. George - www.thespectrum.com -
		After a while, one side determined that the only way to advance their principles was to set up a blockade that would punish the people of the city while sending a rebuke to the political leaders.
		This attempt to isolate and chastise the residents of this city brought instead an outpouring of support and relief from all directions of the compass.
		In response to Kanab officials defying political correctness by affirming support for the ideal of the natural family, the opposition is seeking to enact a punishing boycott of the city's tourist trade.
	www.thespectrum.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2006605080330 (626 words)

	NGOs and Peacebuilding in Bosnia's Ethnically Divided Cities by Julia Demichelis: Special Reports: U.S. Institute of ...
		NGOs and Peacebuilding in Bosnia's Ethnically Divided Cities
		Many of Bosnia's divided cities are controlled by "half-mayors," who oversee the municipal functions on their side of a city's ethnic dividing line.
		The dividing line, even if surrounded by a supposed "buffer zone," puts all community space on either side in political territories that are constantly monitored by the officials who drew the line.
	www.usip.org /pubs/specialreports/early/BosniaNGO.html (8280 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This process has led to the deindustrialization of large, old manufacturing cities of the advanced societies, the rise of new landscapes of high-technology industry and "edge city" office complexes, the concentration of advanced corporate-service activities in a relatively small number of large cities, and the economic displacement of the unskilled urban poor.
		For Friedmann, the paradox is that world cities will prosper as important nodes in the global economy--but the structure of their prosperity generates conflicts that they can neither redress nor manage.
		As the populations of large cities have become increasingly diverse and fragmented, their division of labor has been complicated along lines of race, ethnicity, gender, and nativity.
	www.prospect.org /print-friendly/print/V4/13/mollenkopf-j.html (4029 words)

	CNN.com - Study examines gun laws and crime - August 31, 2001
		It divided the cities into three categories: cities in states with both licensing and registration laws, cities with either licensing or registration laws and cities that did not have licensing or registration laws.
		The study found that in cities with both laws, 33.7 percent of guns recovered from crimes were originally purchased from in-state dealers, compared to 84.2 percent in cities with neither law.
		In cities in states with either licensing or registration laws, 72.7 percent were purchased in-state.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/LAW/08/30/gun.study (609 words)

	CNN - Muslims, Croats divided in Mostar - July 26, 1996
		Croat nationalists have boycotted the city council since Muslims won a majority in the June 30 voting.
		At one voting booth on the Croat side of the city, the names of Muslims were missing.
		The election had been viewed as "instrumental in the reunification of the city," according to former EU administrator Ricardo Perez Casado.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9607/26/bosnia.mostar.unravel (302 words)

	EJRC-AJC: North-South: Cities Divided 4/9/2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Atlanta's development and division are fairly typical of most auto-dependent cities in the South, Southwest and Northwest which boomed in the latter half of the 20th century.
		In both cases, cars and highways gave families the means to flee the increasingly rotted urban cores for the suburban dream of half-acre lawns and corner drive-thrus.
		What's striking is how many of those new-old cities and new-new cities split along a north-south axis despite their unique geographies and histories.
	www.ejrc.cau.edu /artajcnorthsouth.htm (1989 words)

	World's Sprawling Cities Unmanageable, UN Habitat Warns
		The existing institutions governing the administration of cities are not adequate to control today's sprawling urban centers, the UN agency says.
		Introducing the report at a press conference in New York, the world's second largest city, Habitat Executive Director Anna Tibaijuka said the challenge of economically divided cities is the main message in the report.
		Habitat defines a sustainable city as one that has a lasting supply of the natural resources on which its development depends and a lasting security from environmental hazards which may threaten development achievements.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/jun2001/2001-06-04-01.asp (563 words)

	AGO_1951-53_No_186 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A fourth class town is included in a statute dealing with cities of any class.
		Harbor Line Commissioners, 4 Wash. 6, our Supreme Court held that the word "city" contained in the original section 1, Article XV of the Constitution applied to fourth class towns.
		The court there held that the legislature used the term "city" advisedly having in mind the fact that towns are small places and that street addresses are not necessary.
	www.atg.wa.gov /opinions/1951-53/opinion_1951-53_186.html (497 words)

	Divided cities - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A divided city is one which, as a consequence of political changes or border shifts, presently constitutes (or once constituted) two separate entities.
		1911-1939: divided between Guangdong Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong
		1945-1949: divided between Guangdong Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Divided_cities (219 words)

	MIT CIS: About CIS: Working Groups
		What would it take to make cities wracked by ethnic, religious, racial, or nationalist violence “merely” cities again, places of difference and diversity in which contending ideas and citizenries could co-exist in benign yet creative ways?
		The seminar is intended to bring together on a regular basis faculty and graduate students to discuss the root causes of violence in cities and to consider innovative strategies for advancing a vision for peace in these cities.
		The Cities in Conflict Working Group has turned its full attention to the Jerusalem 2050 Project, for the time being at least.
	web.mit.edu /cis/wg_cic.html (203 words)

	JewishJournal.com
		Nicknamed the "City of Orange Gold," Kalkilya’s fortunes have suffered because of intifada violence, which has limited the transport of produce to Israel and abroad.
		It’s a homey city with ice cream shops and a city hall of white stucco and dark wood that dates back over 100 years, when it was a Turkish inn.
		Residents are fond of their city, praising the culture and good schools.
	www.jewishjournal.com /home/preview.php?id=11815 (2200 words)

	Our Cities Divided into Tax Generating and Welfare Receiving Communities Australia's metropolitan cities are ...
		Our Cities Divided into Tax Generating and Welfare Receiving Communities Australia's metropolitan cities are clearly divided into areas that generate high levels of income tax revenue and those that are highly dependent on welfare benefits according to researchers at The University of Queensland and Monash University.
		Australia's metropolitan cities are clearly divided into areas that generate high levels of income tax revenue and those that are highly dependent on welfare benefits according to researchers at The University of Queensland and Monash University.
		Communities were clustered into places of opportunity and vulnerability according to their characteristics on a set of measures showing how local areas were coping with the economic and social transitions occurring in Australian society due to the impacts of globalisation and structural change since the mid 1980s.
	www.uq.edu.au /news/?article=1988 (850 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Nevada puts strings on annexation
		In its second, and final, public hearing on the annexation of Wendover, Utah, into Nevada, thus merging the two long-divided cities of Wendover and West Wendover, the Nevada legislative subcommittee formed to study the annexation voted to recommend that the Nevada Legislature pass a bill urging Congress to authorize the proposed annexation.
		Residents in both cities have voted to annex Wendover into Nevada, saying they are one community that has been divided for too long.
		State, county and city officials from the Nevada side made it clear that they do not want the financial burden.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595084125,00.html (710 words)

	Building Cities - Publication Materials - School of Architecture - University of Notre Dame
		The first in a series of books produced by the School of Architecture, Building Cities: Towards a Civil Society and Sustainable Environment, edited by Norman Crowe, Richard Economakis and Michael Lykoudis, is about the reconstruction of urban life and the physical setting that facilitates that life.
		Building Cities examines the social and environmental problems of our time and offers a renewed, holistic way of thinking about human interaction and its relationship to the built environment.
		Building Cities brings together the issues of how we build and live together from architectural, urbanistic, political, technical and philosophical perspectives and outlines the aims of teaching at a modern university.
	architecture.nd.edu /publications/building_cities.shtml (334 words)

	RPGnet: Review of Lost Cities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Lost Cities you are trying to mount successful expeditions that fully explore up to five different regions of the world.
		Lost Cities is also part of a card stacking trilogy of games by Reiner Knizia, each of which explores similar ideas of game play in different manners.
		Lost Cities is the simplest of the three.
	www.rpg.net /reviews/archive/10/10428.phtml (1775 words)

	Nick's NTN Trivia Forums - Clues for 2/18/04
		City with a divided history, once a part of the Soviet Union, now independent.
		Divided in history with Belgium constantly being split.
		It is a capital city, it certainly was divided during the Cold War era, has a church at least 700 years old, and I would not doubt there is a world-class museum there.
	lnridge.net /ntn/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=281 (732 words)

	The Crisis of the Modern City
		Cities are often seeing their economies and opportunities decline, leading to ever-greater concentrations of poverty and environmental degradation.
		Economic globalization has brought some cities a larger role in the world economy, but has often divided the cities= populations even further.
		Discussion sections meet: After a group discussion on the readings, students will break into groups organized by city or region to discuss similarities and differences in the changes and continuities that cities are going through.
	www.nyu.edu /pages/metro.studies/working/syllabi/cities.htm (2104 words)

	States, cities struggle over eminent domain - Nightly News with Brian Williams - MSNBC.com
		July 22: A Supreme Court ruling on private property rights has cities pushing to take advantage of it and states rushing to try to undo it.
		Cities are pushing to take advantage of the ruling, while states rush to try to undo it.
		Nationwide, the Supreme Court's ruling has encouraged cities to push ahead with plans to use the power.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/8670848 (668 words)

	2005 Business Meeting and Reception
		We appreciate their sponsorship (which will enable us to have a nice array of choices), and hope that you and many other colleagues will join us.
		Concentrated poverty, inter-racial or ethnic hostility and national conflict divide cities around the world.
		Divided and contested cities may also refract larger phenomena like globalization, terrorism, nationalism or religious upheaval.
	www.apsanet.org /~urban/announcement2.htm (382 words)

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