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Topic: Diyar Bakr

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	ARTU\|IDS , (not Urãukids) [I:662b] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bakr and allowed them north of the Euphrates to take their share of the spoils of the Count of Edessa, but dragged them along in his wake in holy wars against the Franks or Byzantines.
		Bakr was one of the starting points for the vast Turcoman migration of Rustem, which embraced about 1185-90 the whole of eastern and central Asia Minor.
		Bakr, the Christian population remained numerous and, on the south-eastern frontiers of the province, the district of
	www.encislam.brill.nl /data/EncIslam/S3/SIM-0743.html (2924 words)

	Ismaili Mission in Syria
		Diyar Rabiah, Diyar Mudar and Diyar Bakr (diyar pl. of dar means habitation).
		Amid (the Amida of the Roman) on the upper course of Tigris was the chief city of Dayar Bakr, where many Ismailis resided.
		In 518/1124, the inhabitants of Amid in Diyar Bakr launched massacres of the Ismailis and devastated their properties.
	ismaili.net /histoire/history06/history605.html (1819 words)

	Les grandes dates du Kurdistan
		The atabeg of Mosul and the Artuqids of Diyar Bakr inflict a defeat to Bohemund of Antioche and to Baldwin of Edessa (May).
		Tamerlan threatens the Akkoyunlu of Diyar Bakr and the Karakoyunlu of Mosul.
		The federation of Diyar Bakr Turkmen, that is existed since the beginning of the 14°century becomes vassal of Burhan al din.
	mapage.noos.fr /piling/histoire/chronology.htm (878 words)

	Nouvelle page 2
		The Diyar Bakr (chief-town Amid, today Diyâr Bakr) was one of the three districts of Jezira, "peninsula" as ancient authors called Upper-Mesopotamia, a region that spreads between the upper Tigris and the Euphrat.
		Marwan, the lord of Diyâr Bakr, ruled on the city of Edessa, which belonged to a man of the Numayr tribe, called Athyra, who was bad and ignorant.
		When I was for the first time in the Diyar Bakr, I went to Bidlis [today Bitlis, at the west of the Van Lake] for some deals that I had in charge.
	sanate.free.fr /anglais/kurdishprinces.htm (3628 words)

	Ak
		In 1402 Kara Osman was granted all of Diyar Bakr in northern Iraq by the Turkic ruler Timur.
		In his retreat from the Safavid armies, Alwand in his turn destroyed an autonomous Ak Koyunlu state in Mardin, Diyar Bakr (1503).
		Murad established himself briefly in Baghdad (until 1508); but, with his retreat to Diyar Bakr, the dynasty ended.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/ak.html (374 words)

	116th Press Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Diyar Bakr School sponsored the art show where students and local artisans of all ages were able to publicly display their works.
		Local artisans celebrate a ribbon cutting ceremony at Diyar Bakr School in Kirkuk, Iraq April 13.
		Art is on display at Diyar Bakr School in Kirkuk, Iraq.
	www.kpvi.com /pressrelease/4_16_05.cfm (370 words)

	kara
		He then secured the Kara Koyunlu position against threats from the Ak Koyunlu ("White Sheep"), a rival Turkmen federation in the province of Diyar Bakr (modern Iraq), and from the Georgians and Shirvan-Shahs in the Caucasus and Timur's successors in Iran.
		Jihan Shah's rule was repeatedly troubled, however, by his rebellious sons and by the semiautonomous Kara Koyunlu rulers of Baghdad, whom he expelled in 1464.
		An attempt to take Diyar Bakr from the Ak Koyunlu in 1466 ended in Jihan Shah's defeat and death, and within two years the Kara Koyunlu succumbed to the superior Ak Koyunlu forces.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/kara.html (284 words)

	syriaques2eng
		Jezira included too the districts of Diyar Rab’ia (chief-town Mossul) and Diyar Mudar (chief-town Rakka, on the left side of the Euphrate).
		It corresponded to a land situated nowadays in Syria, Irak and Turkey.
		Kurds of Indo-Aryan origins, lived there with other people in the Diyar Bakr, a province far from Bagdad, on the Byzantine border, that included, besides Amid, some other cities and their lands : Arzan, Mayyafarikin, Hisn-Kayfa (today Hasankeyf), Khilat, Melazgerd, Arjish, and a district at the North-East of the Van Lake.
	mapage.noos.fr /piling/histoire/syr2_2.htm (118 words)

	Scholars of Renown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		His name indicates that he came from al-Jazirah (the island) the land between the upper Euphrates and Tigris in what is today eastern Turkey, northeast Syria, and northern Iraq.
		His masters were the Turkman Artuqid dynasty, which was centered on Diyar Bakr in southeastern Turkey.
		He entered the service of this dynasty under Nur ad-Din Muhammad, who reigned from 1174 to 1185, served under his son and successor, Qutb ad-Din, who reigned from 1185 to 1200, and under Qutb's brother, Nasir ad-Din, who reigned from 1200 to 1222.
	www.youngmuslimdigest.com /Archive/2003/ymdjun03/scholars_jun03.html (599 words)

	Bambooweb: Diyarbakir
		It was known as Amida in Roman times, and was renamed Diyarbakir (tr.
		Bakr's Dream) after being captured by the Arabs in 629.
		The city is surrounded by a dramatic and fully intact set of fl basalt walls, first constructed in 297, extending in a 5.5 km circle around the old city.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/d/i/Diyarbakir.html (480 words)

	White Sheep Turkmen - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to chronicles from the Byzantine Empire, White Sheep Turkmen were present in Anatolia since at least 1340, and most White Sheep Turkmen leaders, including the dynasty's founder, Kara Osman, married Byzantine princesses.
		For a long time, the White Sheep Turkmen were unable to expand their territory, as the rival Black Sheep Turkmen kept them at bay.
		Though Murad briefly established himself in Baghdad in 1508, he soon withdrew back to Diyar Bakr, signalling the end of the White Sheep Turkmen.
	www.free-definition.com /White-Sheep-Turkmen.html (411 words)

	Kingdoms of North Africa - Ayyubids
		Most of these were ended by 1260 by the Mamelukes or fell to the Mamelukes after the Mongol conquest.
		The line in Hamat was a little more durable, only falling to the Mamelukes in 1332, and the line in Diyar Bakr, with some interruptions, survived until conquest by the White Sheep Turks in the later 15th century.
		Although originally ruling from Egypt, Saladdin spent the last years of his life fighting in Syria and Palestine and was buried in Damascus, next to the Omayyad (Umayyad) Mosque.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsAfrica/EgyptAyyubids.htm (182 words)

	Ak Koyunlu - Dangeruss-Industries.com
		According to chronicles from the Byzantine Empire, White Sheep Turkomans were present in Anatolia since at least 1340, and most White Sheep Turkoman leaders, including the dynasty's founder, Kara Osman, married Byzantine princesses.
		For a long time, the White Sheep Turkomans were unable to expand their territory, as the rival Black Sheep Turkoman kept them at bay.
		Though Murad briefly established himself in Baghdad in 1508, he soon withdrew back to Diyar Bakr, signalling the end of the White Sheep Turkomans.
	www.dangeruss-industries.com /Aq_Qoyunlu.html (405 words)

	Khalid bin Al-Waleed: The Sword of Allah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After the plague, in 18 Hijri, Ayadh again invaded the Jazeera; and by the end of the following year had completed its subjugation, after several battles, as far north as Samsat, Amid (now Diyar Bakr) and Bitlis.
		Praise be to Allah who appointed Umar in authority He was hateful to me, but I grew to like him." 2 This change in attitude was so great that when he died, Khalid named Umar as his heir, to receive whatever he left.
		While some sources have stated that Khalid fought under Ayadh in the Jazeera, most early historians have quoted other sources to indicate that after death of Abu Ubaidah, Khalid did not serve under anyone.
	www.swordofallah.com /html/bookchapter37page5.htm (753 words)

	Fatimid Dynasty in Egypt \|\| Imam Reza (A.S.) Network
		Among such persons was a Maliki jurist Abu Bakr al-Antaki who along with another Maliki scholar was asked by Al-Hakim to stay at Dar-ul-'Ilm and give lectures on the Maliki Jurisprudence.
		All these facts indicate to one thing which is that Dar-ul-'Ilm was in fact an equivalent of a university which had its teachers and professors as well as libraries, which resulted in intellectual activity, research and attainment of knowledge.
		The Muslims were terrified and were quite convinced that the Byzantine would occupy whole of Syria, Egypt, Al-Jazirah (Northern Iraq), Diyar Bakr etc. But the armies and the navy of the Fatimids firmly stood against Byzantines, shattered the hopes of their king and defeated them.
	www.imamreza.net /eng/imamreza.php?id=574 (5307 words)

	Black Sheep Turkmen - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Though much territory was gained during his rule, Jihan Shah's reign was troubled by his rebellious sons and the almost autonomous rulers of Baghdad, whom he expelled in 1464.
		In 1466, Jihan Shah attempted to take Diyar Bakr from the White Sheep Turkmen, however, this was a catastrophic failure resulting on Jihan Shah's death and the collapse of the Black Sheep Turkmen's control in the Middle East.
		By 1468, the White Sheep Turkmen had swept away the last vestiges of the Black Sheep Turkmen.
	www.free-definition.com /Black-Sheep-Turkmen.html (320 words)

	science1.html
		We do not know when he was born, but we know that he was born in the vicinity of the city of Diyar Bakr, now in south east Turkey, and that he was ordained to the Patriarchate in 1557.
		We also know from the historical sources that at some point during his partriarchate he became embroiled with the local Muslim clerics probably on account of his relationship to the local governor for whom he served as private physician.
		This biographical note was used as an introduction to ‘Azzô’s Arabic translation of the Syriac autobiographical letter that was sent by patriarch Ignatius Ni‘meh to his parishioners in Diyar Bakr (probably from Rome towards the end of the sixteenth century).
	www.columbia.edu /~gas1/project/visions/case1/sci.4.html (3056 words)

	MuslimHeritage.com - Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices by Ibn-al-Razzaz Al-Jazari written in Diyar Bakr (Turkey) about 1206 CE.
		This book, which has recently been translated into English by Donald R Hill[2] contains descriptions and illustrations of clocks, fountains and perpetual flutes, machines for raising water and a miscellany of other devices.
		Al-Jazari was in the service of Nasir Al-Din, the Artuqid King of Diyar Bakr, and he spent twenty-five years with the family, having served the father and brother of Nasir Al-Din.
	www.muslimheritage.com /islamonline/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=466 (3358 words)

	Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On the west and south, Iraq faded out somewhere in the sands of the Syrian and Arabian deserts.
		The incorporation of Arabian Iraq into the Ottoman Empire not only separated it from Persian Iraq but also reoriented it toward the Ottoman lands in Syria and Anatolia, with especially close ties binding the province (eyalet) of Diyar Bakr to the Iraqi provinces.
		For administrative purposes, Ottoman Iraq was divided into the three central eyalets of Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra, with the northern eyalet of Sharihzor, east of the Tigris, and the southern eyalet of Al-Hasa, on the western coast of the Persian Gulf.
	www.svjhs.lcsd2.org /nhokanson/socialstudies/geography/students/second/dannyh.html (2232 words)

	Koran - QURAN AL-KARIM IS THE WORD OF ALLAH
		Sirri Pasha (rahmatullahi 'alaih), the Governor of Baghdad, wrote in his book entitled Sirr-i furqan, on the seventy-fifth page of the first volume of its third edition, which was printed in Istanbul in 1312 A.H.:
		A year before writing this book of mine, on a Friday, in Diyar-i Bakr [A city in southeast Turkey.], we were sitting with the notables of the city.
		The famous priest of Kaldani, Abd-i Yasu', well- known for his profound learning of the Arabic language and of the knowledge of religion, was among us.
	www.hizmetbooks.org /Endless_Bliss_First_Fascicle/b1-53.html (1123 words)

	BEST diyar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Having said that we believe that we’ have trawled the internet near and far to bring you the best diyar sites avaliable online today.
		This is a brief summary of the work I participated in as a student at SUNY at Stony Brook.
		Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr (Collected Studies Series, 555), Donald Routledge...
	www.freeandthetop.info /diy/diyar.html (152 words)

	ECONOMY - v. FROM THE ARAB CONQUEST TO THE END OF THE IL-KHANIDS
		Many of the regions which formed the Saljuq empire were too hot and dry for the Turkmens and their flocks.
		Apart from Anatolia, the major settlements were in Azerbaijan, parts of D^a@r Bakr, northern Kurdistan, Gorga@n, Dehesta@n (q.v.), and Marv, where many of the GÚozz had remained.
		Idem, "Contributions aà l'histoire du Diyar Bakr au quartorzieàme sieàcle," JA, 1955, pp.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8/v8f1/v8f1133v.html (19013 words)

	Wife of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWAS)
		The slain emperor left two daughters who, during their attempt to escape, following the murder of their father, were caught and sold as slaves.
		Shah-Zenan was awarded a royal treatment and was given a new name in her own Persian mother tongue: Shahr Banu, which means "mistress of the ladies of the city." The marriage between her and Imam Husain (as) produced our Fourth Holy Imam (Zainul-Abidin, or al-Sajjad) Ali ibn al-Husain ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (as).
		But she was only an old woman with red eyes, and Allah has compensated you with a better and younger wife (meaning herself)." This caused him (pbuh) to be very indignant, and he said, "No, indeed; He has not compensated me with someone better than her.
	www.ummah.com /khoei/khadija.htm (4754 words)

	Hill Donald - new and used books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fine condition Variorum 1998 155x231mm 400 pages Index Hbk These studies represent Donald Hill's contribution to the history of Islamic technology during the second half of the 20th century, in addition to his monographs on the mechanical devices of Pseudo-Apollonios, the Banu Musa and al-Jazari.
		Donald, Hill - STUDIES IN MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC TECHNOLOGY From Philo to al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr
		Fine condition Variorum 1998 155 x 231mm 400 pages Index Hardback These studies represent Donald Hill's contribution to the history of Islamic technology during the second half of the 20th century, in addition to his monographs on the mechanical devices of Pseudo-Apollonios, the Banu Musa and al-Jazari.
	www.isbn.pl /A-hill-donald (1443 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Basil II
		Having given the Sclerus party 'sanctuary' in a Baghdad prison in 979, Adud's negotiations with Basil turned on the premise that he would return Sclerus in exchange for either a series of mountain fortresses in the Diyar Bakr or control of Aleppo.
		Meanwhile the Kurdish emirate founded by Bad ibn Dustuk absorbed the Diyar Bakr, as well as a variety of urban sites on the northern shores of Lake Van in Armenia.
		During the Phocas revolt, Bad took advantage of the mayhem inside Byzantium to raid the plain of Mus in Taron, an Armenian princedom annexed by Byzantium in 966/7.
	www.roman-emperors.org /basilii.htm (16624 words)

	The IRAQI OPPOSITION’S EVOLUTION: FROM CONFLICT to Unity?
		This Turkish attitude became discernibly ambivalent in the late 1980s as the PKK intensified its anti-Turkish operations at a time when Turkey had become the destination of many Kurdish refugees.
		To keep a watchful eye on the refugees and prevent them from fraternizing with Turkish-Kurds, Turkey housed the refugees in military barracks mainly in Mardin, Diyar Bakr and Mosh.(21) Kurds complained about the dismal and harsh conditions.
		In the meantime, the PUK signed an agreement with the PKK in May 1988, which the KDP denounced as detrimental to the unity of the IKF.(22) Turkey, for its part, went on to sign two separate agreements, one with the Iraqi government and the other with the KDP.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/2002/issue4/jv6n4a1.html (7724 words)

	ScienceDaily Used : Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ScienceDaily Used : Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr (Collected Studies Series, 555)
		Used : Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr (Collected Studies Series, 555)
		Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr (Collected Studies Series, 555)
	www.sciencedaily.com /cgi-bin/apf4/amazon_products_feed.cgi?myOperation=Used&ItemId=0860786064 (1537 words)

	ScienceDaily Books : Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ScienceDaily Books : Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr (Collected Studies Series, 555)
		Books : Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr (Collected Studies Series, 555)
		Black Hole In Search Of A Home (September 15, 2005) — The detection of a super massive fl hole without a massive host galaxy is the surprising result from a large Hubble and VLT study of quasars.
	www.sciencedaily.com /cgi-bin/apf4/amazon_products_feed.cgi?Operation=ItemLookup&ItemId=0860786064&myOperation=Image (1507 words)

	History of Sciences in the Islamic World - Light of Islam
		Given the importance of water-raising devices to the economy of many Islamic societies, it is hardly surprising that attempts were made to introduce new designs or modify existing ones.
		Some of the most interesting innovations are found in one section of Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari's great book, The book of knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices, which was completed in Diyar Bakr in Upper Mesopotamia in 1206 AD.
		From our point of view, the most significant aspect of these machines is the ideas and components that they embody.
	home1.swipnet.se /islam/articles/HistoryofSciences.htm (5735 words)

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