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	Powhatan: Influx of English (1644-1673) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Indians, already frustrated by the increasing white burden on their resources, saw whites settling outside the boundaries as a direct affront to the treaty; they began to attack outlying white settlements.
		The Indians attempted to remain neutral as the British government tried to suppress the revolution, but their crops were destroyed and their people were killed.
		Because Indians had sided with the government in Bacon's Rebellion (Indians had fought for BOTH sides in the conflict, but the settlers' generally lumped all Indians together), the settlers then felt justified in dispossessing the Indians from their land.
	66.191.124.219:5980 /History/AmericanIndian/euro_baconrebellion.htm (896 words)

	Doeg Culture
		Doeg lands and people were remote to the Powhatan chiefdom, which was centered between the York and James rivers to the south.
		The Doeg used the area of today’s park for hunting expeditions, camping on the banks of the Quantico Creek.
		The Doeg cultivated a variety of vegetables - including the staples of squash, maize and beans - and foraged for nuts and berries in local forests.
	www.nps.gov /prwi/American_Indians.htm (1299 words)

	Jamestown, Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 1622 an uprising led by Opechancanough led the massacre of nearly 400 settlers although was spared from destruction due to the of an Indian boy named Chanco to Richard Pace of Wapping Wall (d.
		In July 1675 the Doeg Indians raided the plantation Thomas Mathews in order to gain payment several items Mathews had obtained from the Several Doegs were killed in the raid the colonists then raided the Susquehanaugs in This led to large scale Indian raids.
		Following the establishment of the Long Assembly 1676 war was declared on all hostile and trade with Indian tribes was regulated seen by the colonists to favor those of Berkeley.
	www.freeglossary.com /Jamestown,_Virginia (2108 words)

	Chapter 03 - Howard Zinn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		With the problem of Indian hostility, and the danger of slave revolts, the colonial elite had to consider the class anger of poor whites servants, tenants, the city poor, the propertyless, the taxpayer, the soldier and sailor.
		Bacon's Rebellion was instructive: to conciliate a diminishing Indian population at the expense of infuriating a coalition of white frontiersmen was very risky.
		Gary Nash writes: "Indian uprisings that punctuated the colonial period and a succession of slave uprisings and insurrectionary plots that were nipped in the bud kept South Carolinians sickeningly aware that only through the greatest vigilance and through policies designed to keep their enemies divided could they hope to remain in control of the situation."
	www.arlington.k12.va.us /schools/wakefield/academics/Depts/summer/2005_apush_zinn3.htm (6585 words)

	Historic Fort Belvoir
		Without the Indian corn supplied in part by the native residents of this region, the first settlers at Jamestown would have perished.
		During the rest of the seventeenth century, the Indians of the Potomac River region maintained a mixed relationship with the increasing number of European settlers in the region.
		Friction between European settlers and Indians intensified in the 1650s when the Maryland government invited the Susquehannocks, an Iroquoian tribe that originally lived at the head of the Chesapeake Bay, to settle near Piscataway Creek in what is now Prince Georges County.
	www.belvoir.army.mil /history.asp?id=Native (703 words)

	Government and Rebels in Aphra Behn's "The Widow Ranter"
		The troubles began in late 1675 with a raid by the Doeg Indians on the plantation of Thomas Mathews, located in the Northern Neck section of Virginia near the Potomac River.
		Several of the Indians were killed in the raid; which began a dispute about some non-payments of items the Mathews colony had obtained from the tribe.
		In contrast to his realistic hatred of the Indians, he is shown to be a very close friend of the Indian king, Calvernio, and having a love affair with the Indian Queen, Semernia.
	www.spa.ex.ac.uk /drama/projects/1008_2004/govrebels/pg3jamie.html (1211 words)

	Virginia Civil War, 1676-1677
		Apparently unable to understand the complexity of economic reality, many colonists blamed the local Indians for their plight.
		In July 1675 Doeg Indians raided the plantation of Thomas Mathews in retaliation for non-payment on some trade goods he had obtained from them.
		Doeg Indians raided the plantation of Thomas Mathews
	www.regiments.org /wars/17thcent/76virgin.htm (427 words)

	APNOTES
		Indian wars, disease, and mismanagement of the colony by the VA company led to James I revoking their charter in 1624 and making it a royal colony.
		A dispute with Doeg Indians led to a massacre of other Indians and a call to exterminate them.
		In 1675, Wampanoag leader Metacom (“Prince Philip”) led an alliance of Indians against the English (King Philip’s War) in response to continued encroachment on Indian territory and a confrontation with settlers.
	www.iss.k12.nc.us /schools/shs/mginnerty/APNOTES.htm (1516 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Enquiry into the Truth of the Tradition, Concerning the Discovery of America, by ...
		Doeg Indians, may be a corruption of Madog's Indians.
		The Bay of Honduras, and the parts of the adjoining Continent, in which the English have a right, "to load and carry away Logwood," by the 17th article of the Peace in 1762, and by the 6th article of the Peace in 1783, we are told are already dangerous to the British Traders.
		Another Reason is, that the Native Spanish Indians, being in the most abject Slavery to the Prince and the Priests, will naturally and heartly join the late British Colonies, and assist them in subduing the Spaniards, in order to emancipate themselves from bondage, and to regain their long lost Liberties.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/14032/14032-h/14032-h.htm (16606 words)

	St. John's Jesuit High School
		Bacon’s Rebellion 1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements.
		The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city.
		Queen Anne’s War, 1702-1713 - The second of the four wars known generally as the French and Indian Wars, it arose out of issues left unresolved by King Williams' War (1689-1697) and was part of a larger European conflict known as the War of the Spanish Succession.
	www.sjjtitans.org /web/main/academics/pugh/review1.shtml (3530 words)

	The Trails of Virginia: Hiking the Old Dominion, by Allen de Hart. Introduction. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		For the next ten years the trails of tidewater Virginia were stained with blood as the English and Powhatans fought, and the Indian groups fought and raided one another.
		With Appomattox Indian guides, they left Fort Henry, followed the Occoneechi Path and other trails to the Catawba River and Hickory Nut Gap (east of Asheville) in North Carolina, and southwest to the village of the Tomahitan Indians (near Rome, Georgia).
		In May 1676 a party of Doeg Indians attacked and killed some of the settlers on an estate owned by Nathaniel Bacon near the falls at Richmond.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/dehart_trails.html (10788 words)

	Entries by Christina Tkacik - HIST 403 Class Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		One reason for the failure of Berkeley's response to the Indian threat was that it hindered trade between the colonies and between colonists and Indians.
		WHEREAS the country by sade experience have found that the traders with Indians by their avirice have soe armed the Indians with powder, shott and gunns, that they have beene thereby imboldened, not only to fall upon the ffronteer plantations murthered many of our people and allarmed the whole country....
		But forasmuch as wee are sencible that such Indians as are amongst us in peace, if they be not supplyed with matchcoates, hoes and axes to tend their corne and fence their ground, must of necessity perish of ffamine or live on rapine.
	www.vcdh.virginia.edu /HIST403/classlog/index.php?/authors/8-Christina-Tkacik (8892 words)

	Virginia to Bacon's Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The last significant Indian uprising in Virginia took place in 1644 in response to Virginians expanding their settlements into lands reserved for the Indians.
		The trouble started with a raid by some Doeg Indians on the farm of Thomas Mathews, who had failed to pay the Indians for some things he had gotten from them.
		In retaliation, the colonists attacked the wrong Indians, the friendly Susquehannas, and Indians of various tribes began raiding farms on the frontier.
	members.tripod.com /tomjacobsen/Lectures/lecture07.htm (1484 words)

	Mount Vernon's Beginnings
		The first title holders to these hills and meadows were the Doeg Indians, a tribe of the Algonquin race.
		Calvert found little encouragement from the Indians, and the beauty of the spot did not weigh against its isolation, over one hundred miles from the "centre of civilization" in the lower waters of the James.
		He, too, sailed down river to a permanent haven for his followers near the mouth of the Potomac, almost opposite the point on the Virginia shore where, a century later, was to be born the boy who would become the liberator of his country.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles28/mount-vernon-1.shtml (2571 words)

	History of Huntley Meadows Park
		Judging from the type of pottery they made, called Potomac Creek (see Map), Fairfax County archaeologists believe that the Dogue Indians migrated into the Middle Potomac Valley from the Maryland Piedmont around A.D. For some 400 years, they lived in Northern Virginia, mainly in today's Fairfax and Prince William Counties.
		Their main town, which Smith called Tauxenent (see Artifacts) and the Indians called May-Umps, was on May-Umps Island, today's Mason Neck, near the mouth of the Occoquan River.
		By 1675, some of the Dogue, along with some Susquehannock Indians, were roaming the countryside terrorizing the settlers (see Indian War).
	historygems.com (1615 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The fear of the colonists however was spurred not by shear numbers or by force, but by the ability of the Indians to escape virtually undetected from raids and attacks on colonial plantations.
		Conversely, if a force of Indians attempted to defeat one of the mobile troop forces, they could be lead or pushed back against one of the fortifications.
		Those in favor of the destruction of the Indians were able to nearly fill the Virginia Assembly, and Bacon, who had been removed when was declared an outlaw, was reelected to the assembly within days.
	www.2112.net /cheeze/history/bacon2.doc (3292 words)

	Bacon
		All it would take to turn the situation violent would be an Indian attack, and in 1676, the frontiersmen got one.
		A few Doeg Indians got mad at Thomas Mathews because he’d swindled them out of some pigs, so they decided to steal a few from his farm.
		Before they were done with each other, scores of Indians and English would be killed, 23 settlers would be hanged for rebellion, and Jamestown and most of the largest plantations in Virginia would be smoking ruins.
	www.rickriordan.com /bacon_background.htm (1212 words)

	Rise of Colonial America
		John Winthrop: "A Model of Christian Charity": "we shall be as a city upon the hill, the eyes of all people are upon us." Wanted to make their place a Utopia, in doing so tried to achieve reform in England.
		Massachusetts Indians sold most of their lands to the English.
		Bacon's troops were free to plunder from the "enemies" their furs, guns, wampum, and Corn harvest, also kept the Indians as slaves.
	ap_history_online.tripod.com /apush2.htm (1518 words)

	PATRIOTS HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES - Larry Schweikart - Penguin Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In some cases, as with the Pueblo Indians, large numbers of Indians converted to Christianity, albeit a mixture of traditional Catholic teachings and their own religious practices, which, of course, the Roman Church deplored.
		Croatoan Indians lived somewhat nearby, but they were considered friendly, and neither White nor generations of historians have solved the puzzle of the Lost Colony of Roanoke.
		All that was needed for the underrepresented backcountry counties to rise against Berkeley and the tidewater gentry was a leader.
	www.penguin.ca:8000 /nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,0_9781595230010,00.html?sym=TAB (14076 words)

	' + booktitle); \| Author Pages
		After English settlers were killed, though, a good number of the colonists wanted the Virginia authorities to organize a force to attack the local Indians, regardless of their involvement in the dispute, on the grounds that all Indians were alike in being enemies to the English. Berkeley decided against launching a large-scale attack.
		Settlers on the south side of the James River, who were most antagonistic to local Indians as well as most abused by Berkeley’s trading policies, staged a rally to protest Berkeley’s plan.
		Bacon had also suffered losses in the aftermath of the dispute between Doegs and colonists, and he agreed to lead the colonists against the local Indians.
	college.hmco.com /english/lauter/heath/5e/resources/author_pages/colonial/bacon_na.html (1023 words)

	Wikinfo \| Jamestown, Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The first General Assembly of Virginia met in the Jamestown Church in 1619 and their first law was to set a minimum price for the sale of tobacco.
		In 1622, an uprising led by Opechancanough led to the massacre of nearly 400 settlers, although Jamestown was spared from destruction due to the warnings of an Indian boy named Chanco.
		Following the establishment of the Long Assembly in 1676, war was declared on all "bad" Indians and trade with Indian tribes was regulated, often seen by the colonists to favor those friends of Berkeley.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Jamestown,_Virginia (1858 words)

	Notecards
		The second of the four wars known generally as the French and Indian Wars, it arose out of issues left unresolved by King Williams' War (1689-1697) and was part of a larger European conflict known as the War of the Spanish Succession.
		During the French and Indian War, Franklin wrote this proposal for a unified colonial government, which would operate under the authority of the British government.
		He was killed and his army defeated in a battle at the intersection of the Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela Rivers, known as the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
	www.carlinvilleschools.net /watsonr/AP/Unit1/notecards1.htm (6694 words)

	Common-place: Disarming Early American History
		In the 1620s, the notorious "Lord of Misrule," Thomas Morton, made himself obnoxious to the leaders of Plymouth Plantation by enjoying himself with drunken parties and trading guns and powder to the local Indians in violation of James I's proclamation of 1622 (which was re-issued in 1630 at the request of the government of Massachusetts).
		In the 1630s the English had learned the danger of allowing firearms to fall into the hands of Indians; in 1676 they discovered that it was equally dangerous to let poor whites have access to guns.
		In 1681 former governor Josias Fendall of Maryland attempted to follow Nathaniel Bacon's example, using fear of Indian attacks and the failure of the proprietary government to supply arms to the settlers as a route to power.
	www.common-place.org /vol-01/no-01/arming/index.shtml (6104 words)

	Bacon's Rebellion
		The Indian wars which resulted from this directive led to the high taxes to pay the army and to the general discontent in the colony for having to shoulder that burden.
		The Long Assembly was accused of corruption because of its ruling regarding trade with the Indians.
		After Bacon drove the Pamunkeys from their nearby lands in his first action, Berkeley exercised one of the few instances of control over the situation that he was to have, by riding to Bacon's headquarters at Henrico with 300 "well armed" gentlemen.
	www.nps.gov /colo/jthanout/bacrebel.html (1954 words)

	18th Century
		Colonists respond by executing three Indians accused of the murder.
		Indians could have united and pushed colonists off the continent.
		Indians respond and kill more colonists, including Bacon's overseer.
	www.snaples.com /lsnaples/1301/expansion.htm (370 words)

	HIST 403 Class Journal - Entries from Thursday, April 6. 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		I'm also really interested in the patterns of trade with the Indians: on one hand, Bacon and others wanted to continue to trade with them and objected to trade-bans, on the other, Bacon and others just wanted to kill all the Indians they could find.
		Land Greed: “by the most moderate people is looked upon, as one of the great causes of the Indians breach of peace, for itt is the opinion of too many… (and especially their Generall Mr Bacon) that faith is not to be kept with heathens.” (14)
		Bacon as “a luminary that thretned an eclips to their rising glorys for thought he was but a young man, yet they found that he was master and owner of the indoments which constitutes a compleat man, wisdom to apprehend and discretion to chuse.”
	www.vcdh.virginia.edu /HIST403/classlog/index.php?/archives/2006/04/06.html (1024 words)

	[No title]
		The rebellion reflected a crucial turning point in the settlement of the Chesapeake: looking back, it was a product of the chaotic frontier conditions; looking forward, it was the last such moment, for thereafter the gentry (wealthy, land and slaveowning planters) united and brought order to Virginia.
		The argument lead to deaths, and in turn local militia attacked the Doegs, and their allies the Susquehannas, and the Susquehannas attacked frontier settlers.
		Settlers were so intent on exploiting the settlement they didn't do the hard work of planting food, and made war on the Indians rather than barter with them for provisions-that and infectious diseases killed thousands in the first decade and a half.
	fas-history.rutgers.edu /clemens/chesapeakenotes.html (2265 words)

	Wessynton Homes Association, Mt. Vernon, Virginia
		But the colonization of Virginia by the English involved a transfer of title to this hunting paradise on the Potomac.The land was granted by Lord Culpeper jointly to Nicholas Spencer and to the offspring of an old English family variously known as de Wessynton, Wessynton, Wassington and finally Washington.
		Washington also resumed the Doeg Indian tradition and used the land for his hunting grounds.
		Wessynton Way is a daily reminder of the first English family who owned this land, and Doeg Indian Court is a tribute to the first “Americans”.
	www.wessynton.com /about (663 words)

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