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Topic: Dogfish

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	Smooth dogfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The smooth dogfish migrates seasonally, moving north in the spring and south in the autumn.
		It is a scavenger and opportunistic predator, the nocturnal smooth dogfish feeds primarily on large crustaceans, including lobsters, shrimp, and crabs, as well as small fish and mollusks.
		The smooth dogfish is often used as a lab animal and in public display at aquariums.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smooth_dogfish (391 words)

	MPR and Minnesota Monthly present
		Dogfish are the bastards of the Mississippi River.
		I caught my first dogfish in Minnehaha Creek when I was a kid and kept it alive in a 10-gallon tank.
		All cultures have rejected them, which is strange, considering that dogfish have been around just as long as sturgeon and gars and coelacanth.
	www.mpr.org /www/mnmonthly/9710_dogfish.shtml (787 words)

	Dogfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name dogfish is applied to a number of small sharks found in the northeast Atlantic, Pacific, and Mediterranean, especially those in the three families Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae.
		The name is applied only loosely and does not signify a close taxonomic relationship.
		A number of other unrelated fish, notably the bowfin,eelpout/burbot are also sometimes referred to as dogfish and commonly sold as Rock Salmon (or Huss) as Fish and chips.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dogfish (107 words)

	SPINY DOGFISH SHARK - Zoom Sharks
		Dogfish are not considered to be dangerous, but some damage could be done by their teeth and their slightly poisonous dorsal fin spines.
		Dogfish are mostly bottom-dwellers, dwelling in depths from the surface down to 400 fathoms (2,400 feet).
		The spiny dogfish shark is found worldwide in temperate and subarctic waters, in the temperate and subarctic latitudes of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/sharks/species/Dogfish.shtml (525 words)

	DOGFISH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The small gray-brown shark discarded on a pier or beach in the spring of the year is probably a Smooth Dogfish.
		Smooth Dogfish use their senses of sight and smell to scavenge for prey, usually during the hours of darkness.
		Dogfish are usually discarded for they are not deemed suitable as food fish though they are highly esteemed in Europe.
	www.totalfishingadventures.com /fishpages/dogfish.htm (470 words)

	Status of Fisheries Resources off Northeastern United States - Spiny Dogfish
		Dogfish migrate northward to the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region and into Canadian waters in summer and southward in autumn and winter.
		Dogfish are known to feed on many species of fish and crustaceans, but generally target the most abundant species.
		Dogfish are frequently caught as bycatch and discarded during groundfish operations, particularly in the Mid-Atlantic-Southern New England area.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /sos/spsyn/op/dogfish (889 words)

	SPINY DOGFISH
		The spiny dogfish is a small, slender shark with a flattened head and a snout that tapers to a blunt tip.
		Although spiny dogfish and smooth dogfish are around the same size on the average (about 3 feet long, 7-10 pounds), the spiny dogfish has two distinguishing features: rows of small white dots run along its slate-gray sides, and a sharp spine is found in front of each of its two dorsal fins.
		Spiny dogfish are not seen very often in winter because they spend most of their time in the deeper waters offshore.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /mas/seafood/spinydogfish.html (529 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Spiny Dogfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Spiny dogfish are found in the western Atlantic Ocean from Greenland to Argentina and in the eastern Atlantic from Iceland and Murmanski Coast (Russia) to South Africa including the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.
		The average size of the spiny dogfish is 28-39 inches (70-100 cm) with adult males ranging from 24-35 inches (60-90cm) and adult females from 30-42 inches (76-107 cm) in length.
		Spiny dogfish are been documented in the stomachs of cod, red hake, and goosefish, as well as other spiny dogfish.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/SpinyDogfish/SpinyDogfish.html (1645 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Scientists lament drop in dogfish population
		Not that the dogfish — one of the most abundant of the some 400 shark species in the world — has become a cause for the general public.
		Female dogfish are larger than the males —; reaching 2 ½ to 3 feet in length, with an average weight of about 4 to 5 pounds — and so are more valuable commercially, he said.
		At one point, dogfish livers were valuable as a source of vitamin A. Livers were cut out and their carcasses thrown away.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2002415546_dogfish02m.html (1064 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: dogfish @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		DOGFISH [dogfish] name for a number of small sharks of several different families.
		The common spiny, or piked, dogfish (Squalus acanthus) is found in most oceans of the world and is particularly abundant in shallow, temperate waters.
		The smooth dogfish family also includes two small sharks abundant on the Pacific coast of the United States, the brown smoothhound (Rhinotriacis henlei) and the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata); the latter is strikingly marked with fl on a tan background.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:dogfish&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (326 words)

	BIOMES: SMOOTH DOGFISH INFO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The dogfish is one of the few sharks that is able to change the color of its skin to match its surroundings, although it is not nearly as good at this as many bony fish.
		The smooth dogfish is often used as a dissecting specimen in high school and college biology classes.
		Dogfish feed on squid and fish pieces readily but food must be bite size since the small, flat teeth cannot tear apart larger foods.
	www.biomescenter.com /smoothdogfish_learn.htm (1100 words)

	RISAA Affiliate [Save The Bay - Educational Series - Spiny Dogfish] March 2001
		The spiny dogfish is a species of small shark with a slender, flattened head, blunt, tapered snout, and a small crescent-shaped mouth.
		Dogfish skin is rough and covered by a toothlike, scaled surface called dermal denticles.
		In addition to eating worms, shrimp, crabs, and comb jellies, the spiny dogfish is one of the major predators of lobsters and large crabs.
	www.risaa.org /savethebay/spiny_dogfish.html (412 words)

	Case studies of the management of elasmobranch fisheries
		Dogfish oil had use as a lubricant and lamp fuel: some lighthouses in BC relied exclusively on dogfish oil and the coal mining industry on Vancouver Island relied on its oil for naked-flame lamps.
		The lure was sunk and slowly raised to the surface with the dogfish in pursuit.
		Dogfish landings (tonnes) and discards by region for the groundfish trawl fishery of BC 1979–94.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/X2098E/X2098E07.htm (6905 words)

	History of the USS Dogfish
		The keel for the USS Dogfish SS-350, a Balao Class diesel electric submarine, was laid down on 22 June 1944 at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. She was launched on 27 October 1945, sponsored by Mrs.
		Dogfish is pictured above as she appeared in 1966 following a yard overhaul in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where, among other things, a new fiber-glass "hurricane" type sail was installed.
		Although Dogfish missed all of the action of World War II, she, and others like her, formed the backbone of the U.S. Navy's submarine force during the transitional cold war period of the 1950s and 1960s as the "Nuke" submarine navy came of age.
	www.ussdogfish.com /history.html (1097 words)

	Squaliformes: Dogfish Sharks
		Note that in the Spiny Dogfish and other members of the family Squalidae, there is no subterminal lobe (flap on the upper caudal lobe separated from the rest of the caudal fin by a notch) and the lower teeth are only slightly larger than the uppers.
		The squaliform sharks are creatures of extremes: in size they range from the puny to the downright gigantic, they inhabit a wide range of depths, from sundappled shallows to the chill flness of the abyss, and their taxonomy is a veritable morass of contention and tentative revision.
		Although not venomous, dogfish spines are often coated with a bacteria-rich mucus, which can land a punctured fisherman in a sickbed for a week or two.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/shark_profiles/squaliformes.htm (1725 words)

	Stenberg: Life History of Piked Dogfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The piked, or spiny, dogfish, Squalus acanthias, is a common shark in the Atlantic, the Pacific Ocean and in the Black Sea (Jones and Geen, 1976; Polat and Gümüs, 1995).
		Little is known about the growth of dogfish in the first years after birth, since they generally are absent in the commercial fishing catches, but general indications are that the growth until sexual maturity is faster.
		U.K. Transatlantic migrations of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias).
	journal.nafo.int /35/stenberg/stenberg-main.html (4575 words)

	dogfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Upper jaw protrusion in spiny dogfish is not restricted by its orbitostylic jaw suspension, rather the upper jaw is protruded 30% of its head length, considerably more than the lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris (18%) (Carcharhinidae: Carcharhiniformes) with its hyostylic jaw suspension.
		One function of upper jaw protrusion is to assist in jaw closure by protruding the upper jaw as well as elevating the lower jaw to close the gape, thus decreasing the time to jaw closure.
		Whereas the levator palatoquadrati muscle assists in retracting the upper jaw in spiny dogfish, it assists in protruding the upper jaw in lemon sharks.
	www.uri.edu /artsci/bio/wilga/dogfish.html (302 words)

	Spiny dogfish
		So erratic are their appearances and disappearances that where one has good fishing today he may catch only dogfish tomorrow and nothing at all the day after, the better fish having fled these sea wolves and the latter departing in pursuit.
		Dogfish are seasonal visitors on the coast, striking in about as early along New Jersey (March), and even on Georges Bank (March-April), as along North Carolina.
		To a certain extent, of course, reports of fluctuations in abundance from year to year must be discounted as reflecting the movements of the great schools that may visit one part of the coast one summer and another part the next, not a general alteration of the stock.
	www.gma.org /fogm/Squalus_acanthias.htm (2786 words)

	Spiny Dogfish
		Samples of dogfish vertebrae and spines are now being collected as part of an industry/science cooperative research program which will be used to determine the lifespan and growth rate of dogfish in Atlantic Canada.
		Dogfish currently appear abundant in Canadian waters; however their long lifespan and slow growth rate makes them very sensitive to overfishing.
		This first view of Canadian spiny dogfish stock status will be combined with American information (since the population is shared between the two countries), resulting in a population health overview within the next 5 years.
	www.marinebiodiversity.ca /shark/english/skull5.htm (272 words)

	Marine Sportfish Identification -- Sharks Group
		Spiny dogfish occur in temperate and subtropical waters in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
		The spiny dogfish feeds upon practically all smaller fishes such as herring, sardines, anchovies, smelts and even small spiny dogfish as well as crabs.
		Spiny dogfish are long lived and non-migratory; as a result, heavy fishing pressure in a given area will lower the population level of this slow growing, low reproductive species quite rapidly.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /mrd/mspcont5.html (2074 words)

	dogfish
		Dogfish will take almost any bait including shellfish and worms but the best bait is undoubtedly fish.
		Dogfish love sandeel baits and can not resist a tail of mackeral or mackeral head and guts.
		Dogfish are not a fussy fish and will feed over any state of the tide.
	www.geocities.com /thedirtyfecker2000/dogfish.html (383 words)

	Scyliorhinis canicula - Lesser Spotted Dogfish
		The lesser spotted dogfish, more usually referred to simply as the dogfish, is a member of the shark family.
		Dogfish can be encountered in very shallow water, such as when beach fishing; however, it is most common to find them at depths of around 40 to 60 metres.
		When you encounter these fish the difficult thing is to catch anything but dogfish; they are not noted for their fighting qualities...
	www.first-nature.com /fishes/scyliorhinus_canicula.htm (203 words)

	Spiny Dogfish
		The spiny dogfish is a small schooling shark that forms groups of hundreds or thousands of individuals of the same sex and size.
		The spiny dogfish is found in cold and warm temperate oceans at temperatures between 6 and 15 degrees Celsius.
		The spiny dogfish is long lived and slow growing and has an estimated life span of 25 to 40 years.
	www.marinebiodiversity.ca /shark/english/spinyd.htm (690 words)

	Smooth Dogfish
		The smooth dogfish is able to change its colour slowly through contraction of melanophores (migratory pigment cells that through contraction or relaxation give the impression of a colour change).
		The smooth dogfish is a viviparous shark giving birth to a litter of 10 to 20 pups.
		The smooth dogfish is a migratory species that moves north and south with the seasons.
	new-brunswick.net /new-brunswick/sharks/species/smoothdogfish.html (265 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Smooth Dogfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The small teeth of the smooth dogfish are flat and blunt, similar in both the upper and lower jaws.
		Along the body of the smooth dogfish, denticles are irregularly spaced and lance-shaped with two to six longitudinal ridges extending the entire length of the denticle.
		The smooth dogfish is a viviparous species with a yolk-sac placenta and a placental connection between the mother and embryo.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/SmoothDogfish/SmoothDogfish.html (1344 words)

	dogfish on Encyclopedia.com
		Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, in the Oslofjord.
		Spiny Dogfish Receives Protection At Last; CMC Applauds Overdue Fishing Restrictions for Vulnerable Sharks.
		Age and growth of the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/d1/dogfish.asp (520 words)

	Your Help is Needed to Save the Spiny Dogfish ("Cape Shark")!
		Dogfish catches were determined to be 10 times the level needed to rebuild the population within the legal limit of 10 years.
		Spiny dogfish are an exceptionally slow growing species that carry their pups for two years and give birth to only about six young at a time.
		The dogfish population is now in serious peril due to years of rampant overfishing and targeting of mature females.
	www.hups.org /SI_dogfish.htm (856 words)

	Prickly Dogfish, Oxynotus bruniensis
		The upper image of the Prickly Dogfish was sent by Fisheries Observer G. Diver.
		The Prickly Dogfish is recognised by its hump-backed body which has a flat lower surface, and is nearly triangular in cross-section.
		It is brown to grey in colour, although the dorsal fins and posterior margins of the pectorals and pelvics are often translucent to white.
	www.austmus.gov.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/obrunien.htm (342 words)

	Smooth dogfish
		Food of the smooth dogfish consists chiefly of the larger Crustacea, and it is perhaps the most relentless enemy of the lobster, which had been eaten by no less than 16 percent of the fish examined by Field.
		And these figures are based on a sufficient number of observations of the stomach contents to serve as a general indication of the destructiveness of the smooth dogfish.
		As this is not a characteristic Gulf of Maine fish, we need merely note that it is one of the sharks that develop a placental connection between the embryos and the mother.
	www.gma.org /fogm/Mustelus_canis.htm (1075 words)

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