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Topic: Dolphin brain

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	Dolpins Behaviour Page 1 - Dolphins and Whales Window
		But if dolphins were equipped with brains notably smaller than those of humans, it would make a powerful case against their having intelligence that approached that of humans (a certain amount of mass is necessary, after all, to allow for sufficient neural connections to be made).
		Dolphin brain stem transmission time is faster than that normally found in humans, and is roughly equivalent to the speed found in rats.
		The dolphin's dependence on speedy sound processing is evident in the structure of its brain: its neural area devoted to visual imaging is only about one-tenth that of the human brain, while the area devoted to acoustical imaging is about 10 times that of the human brain.
	dolphins.jump-gate.com /start_page/behaviour.shtml (1213 words)

	Dolphins
		Dolphin brains appear to be composed of two similar sub-brains, each of which has two hemispheres, so Dolphins might be said to have 4-lobed brains that might be used to experience Many-Worlds.
		Dolphins may need to have 2 brains because the maximum size for a single brain may be about 10^11 neurons, the size of the brain of single-brained humans.
		Dolphin brain cells are more uniform and less specialized than Human brain cells Dolphins are born with about 40 percent of their brain mass, and reach full brain development in about 10 years, while Humans are born with about 25 percent of their brain mass, and reach full brain development in about 18 years.
	www.valdostamuseum.org /hamsmith/Dolphin.html (3388 words)

	Dolphin Consciousness: Everything you wanted to know about dolphins, but were afraid to ask
		The resemblance of the dolphin brain to the human brain is obvious and may be unsettling at first sight (see Figure 1 and 2).
		Morgane, PJ., J·cobs, M.S., rnd Oalaburda A. Evdutioarry rspects of cortical orginiutioa in the dolphin brain.
		Morgane, P.J, Jacobs, M.S., and Ool·burd~ A. (1986) Evolutionary morphology of tbe dolphin brria, in RJ.
	home.onemain.com /~dk1008206/html/dolph1.htm (2909 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News :: Dolphin, Human Brain Size Not So Differen
		Such intelligence is probably due their big brains, but the evolution of such brains has remained a mystery.
		After determining the specimens' brain sizes with CT scans, the researchers estimated body mass by examining the size of bones around the base of the skulls.
		The study showed that a second brain size boost occurred in the origin of the superfamily Delphinoidea — oceanic dolphins, porpoises, belugas and narwhals — about 15 million years ago.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/briefs/20041108/dolphin.html (650 words)

	Dolphin Article - Dolphins and Man...Equals?
		The brain size of a bottle-nosed dolphin is comparable to ours at birth and, during their lifetime develops well into the upper levels of the maximum size for modern man -- about 1700 grams.
		A dolphin kept in complete captivity (with only human contacts) was trained to raise to the surface, emit a sound when any word was shouted over the surface of the water.
		Dolphins have no prehensile extremities; hence their intelligence has never gone in the direction of manipulating their environment -- their thoughts have been left to develop inward.
	www.dolphinlovers.com /dolphin-man.php (2734 words)

	Earthcode: Dolphin-Human Connection
		In this regard the cetacean brain is nearly identical, and may even be superior to the human brain according to the latest research.
		For instance, inside the dolphin brain is a chamber that baffles researchers: recent studies imply that this mysterious area of the brain may serve in achieving meditative states, contemplation or abstract thought.
		"Dolphins are marine mammals that swim in the ocean and it was astonishing to learn that we had more in common with the dolphin than with land mammals," says Horst Hameister, professor of medical genetics at the University of Ulm in Germany.
	paulapeterson.com /dolphin_human_connection.html (2207 words)

	The Dolphin Brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a direct size comparison the dolphin brain is larger than the human brain, though a more effective measure for brain "size" is to relate brain size to body size.
		Converse to this argument is the view of Mcphail, who stated (1982) that brain size and characteristics were unsatisfatory indicators of intelligence due to anomalies (see neocortex).
		Holloway (1979) agrees that size alone is an innapropriate indicator or intelligence, but believes that internal structural complexity, a trait of the dolphin brain, is the most important factor in the evolution of intelligence.
	dubinserver.colorado.edu /prj/jbes03/brain.html (812 words)

	JoJo the Dolphin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dolphins are "conscious breathers" which means that they have to be awake or semi-conscious to breathe or else they will drown.
		They have the remarkable ability to rest one half of their brain while the other remains alert for approaching danger, and then are able to switch which side they are resting.
		Dolphins regulate their number of clicks to allow the incoming "echo" to be heard between outgoing clicks.
	www.jojo.tc /fun_facts.html (1030 words)

	Emory study details dolphin brain evolution for the first time
		To investigate how the large brains of odontocetes changed over time, Marino and her colleagues quantified and averaged estimates of brain and body size for fossil cetacean species using computed tomography, and analyzed these data along with those for modern odontocetes.
		This subset was added to brain and body weight data from 144 modern cetacean specimens for a total sample of 210 specimens representing 37 families and 62 species.
		"Dolphin brains are four to five times larger for their body size when compared to another animal of similar size.
	www.innovations-report.com /html/reports/studies/report-35382.html (875 words)

	Cerveau du dauphin : Dolphin Brain Research. Ken Levasseur.
		Brain stem transmission time (BTT) is considerably faster in Tursiops Truncatus (a dolphin species with mean brain weight around 1500 g) than in humans or domestic cats and is similar to that of the rat.
		Because the hedgehog, bat and dolphin may all be echolocators and all have excellent hearing, especially in the higher frequencies, their brains may not have evolved the differentiations because the earlier and faster brain better served their ecological needs.
		A theory that explains the dolphin's large brain may be: the structure and quality of the dolphin's brain enables complex social systems to exist in the aquatic medium due to the speed that sound travels underwater.
	www.dauphinlibre.be /brain.htm (5137 words)

	Brain Size and Cognition in Primates
		The sister-group to the dolphin is the porpoise, which is confusing because in common language they're synonyms.
		If you live in a complex society, then you're going to have a brain that can grasp who's who and who's with you and who's against you and what they're going to do tomorrow and whether their friends are there.
		Dolphins have huge testes for their body size, which is indicative of sperm competition, which indicates that the females mate with several males.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~phyl/anthro/cognition.html (1849 words)

	Brains, Behaviour and Intelligence in Cetaceans (Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises)
		Normal variations in brain and body size have only been well studied in a, few species, and usually a researcher seeking to compile extensive brain and body weight lists has no choice but to take whatever specimens are available, regardless of whether the material is really representative of the species as a whole.
		Dolphin brains are relatively large, but again there are reasons for questioning the assumption that brain size is related to "intelligence".
		* Morgane, P.J., Jacobs, M.S. and Galaburda, A. Evolutionary morphology of the dolphin brain.
	www.highnorth.no /Library/Myths/br-be-an.htm (2965 words)

	Animal Planet :: Dolphins Explored
		A dolphin's dorsal fin is as distinctive as a person's face.
		Some dolphins can hold their breath for as long as 30 minutes, while others have to breathe every 20 seconds.
		A dolphin's brain, in relation to the size of its body, is larger than the brains of chimpanzees and great apes.
	animal.discovery.com /features/dolphins/facts/facts.html (313 words)

	Ultimate Guide: Dolphins
		Dolphins have large brains for their bodies -- in fact, a bottlenose dolphin is second only to humans in the ratio of brain size to body size.
		But dolphins tend to rank at about the level of elephants in "intelligence" tests and haven't shown any unusual talent at problem solving.
		Dolphin researcher Pieter Arend Folkens tells this story: "Since trash can be dangerous to dolphins if ingested, some of the animals at Marine World Africa USA were trained to retrieve the trash and return it to the trainer for a reinforcement reward.
	www.tursiops.org /dolfin/guide/smart.html (731 words)

	Oceanlink \| marine sciences education and fun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is believed that dolphins have the ability to put one half of their brain asleep while resting.
		Dolphin make a wide variety of sounds, some of which have been shown to be used in social situation.
		Dolphins trained to respond to these commands have then been shown to be able to report to other animals that a particular object is present or not in their tank.
	oceanlink.island.net /ask/odontoceti.html (10107 words)

	Dolphin Communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bottle-nosed dolphins dominate many marine acts because of their intelligence and researchers believe much of the dolphin's brain is used for communication or "echolocation".
		While it is not known if dolphins have a formal language, they do communicate with a signature whistle to identify themselves.
		Dolphins have produced sound frequencies from 0.25 to 200 kHz, using the higher frequencies for echolocation and the lower frequencies for communication and orientation.
	www.beach-net.com /dolphins/communication.html (168 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids - Swimming in Circles
		Researchers have suggested that dolphin brain anatomy, social behaviors or sleep patterns may be responsible for this counterclockwise preference.
		The eight dolphins spent a total of 86% of their time in clockwise behaviors.
		Because the brains of dolphins are the same regardless of where they live, it is unlikely that brain differences account for the directional preferences.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/dolp.html (424 words)

	Pfizer: BRAIN: The World Inside Your Head
		Your brain is the most complex structure in the known universe.
		Your brain makes up only two percent of your body's weight but uses 20 percent of your body's fuel.
		A brain of a small shark called a Cuban dogfish weighs almost 4 1/2 grams, or almost 1/5th of an ounce.
	www.pfizer.com /brain/etour1.html (205 words)

	Dolphin Brain Overlay
		The dolphin is a highly evolved life form, originally from other places in the universe.
		They simply shut down one of the brain hemispheres, indicating perhaps an always awakened state, or a new kind of lucid dreaming.(depending on which side of the brain is temporarily resting) Perhaps, their whole lives are a dream, or they see no difference between the dream state and the awake state of consciousness!
		It is interesting to point out that for dolphins, the group social interaction is of primary importance, as are other talents we have only begun to scratch the surface of in our studying of them.
	www.colorhealing.com /articles/dolphinbrain.html (641 words)

	The Realm of The Dolphin
		With this ability, a dolphin could construct a precisely detailed auditory image of its surroundings, from a millimeter-thin wafer nearby to a fish or another dolphin four or five miles away, even in the murkiest of waters.
		The image is as distinct as that afforded by human sight - the acoustic perception centers of the dolphin's brain are as large, and complexly developed, as the human visual cortex.
		Dolphin Alliance is a local citizen's action group established in July 1992 to act as a voice for dolphin and whale rights and protection of their environment.
	www.treasur.com /dolphins2.htm (763 words)

	[No title]
		Dolphin Merging is an excellent way to bring dolphin wisdom, creativity and playfulness into your life as you relax and follow Alijandra's soothing voice into a state of deep relaxation.
		I loved seeing my dolphin guides come to greet me, and I feel marvelously relaxed and invigorated after spending some quality time with Alijandra and her dolphin friends!
		Transfigurational Matrix Healing(TM) was born to encompass the newly received energies and knowledge from Source, which will help us to completely shift ourselves into a more completely aligned, healthy, higher frequency essence expressing in our human form.
	www.colorhealing.com /reviews/dolphin1reviews.htm (529 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		Essentially, what we did is, we marked the dolphin on different parts of his body and we determined whether the dolphin would then go to the mirror to use it to investigate the marks on its body.
		However, this brain is different from the primate brain, yet, we share the same rare capacity with the dolphins.
		CHEN: It was really a brain from a dolphin, but is was a dolphin that had died for other reasons; it wasn't part of the experiment...
	cnnstudentnews.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0105/02/ns.05.html (785 words)

	Dolphins and Man.....Equals?
		Dr. Lilly had used this same technique on monkeys and made the statement that it usually took a chimp about 100 random tries before he learned to push the button, and then a few more to learn how to push the button.
		An excellent review of dolphin lore through the ages and addresses issues pertaining to the relationship between man and dolphins.
		Dolphin Research Center A not-for-profit education and research facility that sustains a pod averaging about 15 dolphins in a natural marine environment.
	www.littletownmart.com /dolphins (3202 words)

	Water Planet Links, awards and bibliography
		KW Adopt a Family is bringing a memorable holiday experience to 55 families by providing gifts, clothes and food to each of these families in need.
		Its goal is to incite the general public to discover and to love the Sea, while raising its awareness on the need for a sustainable management of marine resources.
		Hoegel, V.D. Perceptions of dolphin therapists and dolphin researchers on using dolphin assisted therapy with symptomatic HIV desease.
	www.waterplanetusa.com /links.htm (1232 words)

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