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Topic: Domestic Dog

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	aboutPedigreeDogs - Dog Breeds
		Dogs are featured in tapestries that were created in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), and in the work of many artists, including 17th- and 18th-century European painters Peter Paul Rubens and Thomas Gainsborough.
		The skeleton of the domestic dog has an average of 321 bones, with variation reflecting differences in the number of bones in the tail and the presence of a dewclaw, an extra digit on the paw that not all breeds have.
		The domesticated dog is able and willing to learn appropriate behaviors and is highly motivated to please its owner, critical factors that have contributed to the success of the domestic dog as a companion.
	aboutpedigreedogs.com (3199 words)

	MSN Encarta - Dog
		Dogs are featured in tapestries that were created in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), and in the work of many artists, including 17th- and 18th-century European painters Peter Paul Rubens and Thomas Gainsborough.
		The skeleton of the domestic dog has an average of 321 bones, with variation reflecting differences in the number of bones in the tail and the presence of a dewclaw, an extra digit on the paw that not all breeds have.
		Working dogs, such as the boxer or Alaskan Malamute, are muscular, even-tempered, and obedient, a necessary quality in dogs that serve as working partners with humans.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761565976 (1404 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Dog, Domestic
		The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) has coexisted with human beings as a working partner and household pet in all eras and cultures since the days of the cave dwellers.
		It is generally believed that the direct ancestor of the domestic dog is the wolf, originally found throughout Europe, Asia, and North America.
		Standards may differ from country to country—not all dogs are developed to serve the same purposes or are judged according to the same rules.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565976/Dog_Domestic.html (355 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search View - Dog, Domestic
		Dogs reach sexual maturity within their first year; thereafter the decision may be made whether females are to be spayed (removal of the ovaries) and males castrated (removal of the testes), or whether pets are to be used for breeding.
		Although quarantine laws prevent dogs from other parts of the world from competing in Great Britain, dogs may attain international and world championships elsewhere under the rules and regulations of the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, the ruling body for dogs and dog shows in many countries.
		The first dogs that joined forces with the cave dwellers were used for their keen hunting instincts and abilities, as a means of procuring food and skins for clothing, and for protection against predators.
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761565976__1/Dog_Domestic.html (1049 words)

	Dog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Dogs possess a rete mirabile in the carotid sinus at the base of their neck, a complex of intermingled small arteries and veins which acts as a heat exchanger to thermally isolate the head, containing the brain, the most temperature sensitive organ, from the body, containing the muscles, where most of the heat is generated.
		Although dogs do not seem to be as susceptible to such diseases as humans, similar rickettsial diseases have been spread by dogs to humans through such mechanisms as a dog killing an infected rabbit, then shaking itself off in the house near enough to its owners to fatally infect most of the family.
		Elderly dogs are susceptible to an unusual form of intense vertigo, the cause of which is unknown; the affected dog is unable to stand up and remains sprawled on the floor, the eyes displaying intense nystagmus, for typically a few days.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Dog.htm (8863 words)

	Multiple and Ancient Origins of the Domestic Dog
		We sequenced portions of the mitochondrial DNA of wolves and domestic dogs.
		The ancient dates for domestication based on the control region sequences cannot be explained by the retention of ancestral wolf lineages, because clade I is exclusively monophyletic with respect to dog sequences and thus the separation between dogs and wolves has been long enough for coalescence to have occurred.
		Domestic species of plants and animals whose wild progenitors are extinct cannot be enriched through periodic interbreeding, and change under artificial selection may be more limited.
	www.idir.net /~wolf2dog/wayne1.htm (1925 words)

	[No title]
		Domestic dogs range in size from the very small chihuahua that can weigh as little as 1 kilograms (2 pounds), to the St. Bernard of Switzerland or the Tosa Inu of Japan that can weigh as much as 91 kilograms (200 pounds).
		Dogs were the first animal to be domesticated by early humans, somewhere between 10,000 and 14,000 years ago.
		Dogs and cats are farmed and traded in some countries for meat, fur, and tonics thought to be medicinal.
	www.ifaw.org /ifaw/general/default.aspx?oid=121246 (1442 words)

	Biologic Bases of Behavior of Domestic Dog Breeds
		Dogs of all breeds have the same karyotype (number and shape of chromosomes) and produce reproductively viable hybrid offspring.
		Sled dogs have walking gaits (pace, trot, or lope), in which at least one paw is always on the ground.
		Dogs have many different innate bites; that is, they have several motor patterns that are described as bites.
	www.ao.net /~holmanh/CoppBioBases/CoppBioBases.htm (6722 words)

	DOMESTIC
		However until the 18th or 19th century most of the breeds of dog were described by their purpose (deer hound, sheepdog etc.) and it was in the 19th century that most breeds and show dog pedigrees were developed.
		Sheep and goats were the first food producing animals to be domesticated and the relative preponderance of one species or the other in different areas of the mid east may reflect climate or altitude differences or perhaps human cultural preferences.
		As for the dog, domestic pigs and their wild ancestor can be distinguished by differences in skeletal remains.
	asci.uvm.edu /course/asci001/domestic.html (1908 words)

	Florida Lupine Association, Inc.: Dog's Origins
		Wayne (1993) elucidated the genetic affinities of three of the members of this canid division, as follows: “The domestic dog is an extremely close relative of the gray wolf, differing from it by at most 0.2% of mtDNA sequence....
		Dogs may be derived from several different ancestral gray wolf populations, and many dog breeds and wild wolf populations must be analysed in order to tease apart the genetic sources of the domestic dog gene pool” (Wayne, 1993).
		of the organisms studied, this figure would suggest that dogs are polyphyletic, which means that the term “dog” would no longer refer to a genetically coherent group of organisms, but rather a group of similar-looking organisms that did not have a shared genetic ancestry.
	www.floridalupine.org /publications/dogs-origins.htm (1012 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		Generally considered the first domesticated animal, the dog has coexisted with human beings as a working partner and household pet in all eras and cultures since the days of the cave dwellers.
		Dogs reach sexual maturity within their first year; thereafter the decision may be made whether females are to be spayed (removal of the ovaries) and males castrated (removal of the testes), or whether pets are to be bred.
		Legends and myths based on the versatility and heroism of dogs abound; the subject of dogs is one of the most popular in world literature—from the classics to modern comic strips.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/animals/dog.html (1120 words)

	Digimorph - Canis familiaris (domestic dog - Chihuahua)
		The precise timing of domestication is not easy to resolve since domestic dogs were most likely not distinctive enough to be told apart from wolves until the advent of artificial selection (Ruvinsky and Sampson, 2001).
		Domestic dogs also tend to have smaller teeth than similarly sized wild species, since a reduction is tooth size is one of the first manifestations of domestication (Ruvinsky and Sampson 2001).
		Other morphological signs of domestication in the dog include tooth row crowding and a prominent 'stop' (indentation between the eyes where the nasal bones and cranium meet) (Ruvinsky and Sampson 2001).
	www.emorphology.org /specimens/Canis_familiaris (975 words)

	Dog FAQ - Questions and Answers About Dogs. Evolution of the domestic dog
		Archaeological findings suggest the evolution of the domestic dog goes back to the year 10,000 B.C. there were already tamed dogs; and in Denmark and Germany some primitive remainders have been found recently.
		At the beginning domestic dogs had a very uniform aspect, but then they started to perform specific tasks in their communities.
		Now, and for the last 150 years, there is a tendency to produce dogs with a determined physical appearance to match the ideals of a particular breed.
	www.seefido.com /html/domestic_dogs.htm (1053 words)

	Domestic Dog Gifts for Animal Lovers
		Dog usually means the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris (or "Canis familiaris" in binomial nomenclature).
		Dog societies are characterized by a companionate hierarchy, in which each individual has a rank in society, and in which there is intense loyalty within the group.
		The dog is always aware of its rank vis-a-vis other individuals in the group, and it may be noted that an assertive dog often considers itself the alpha animal, while considering its human owner to be subordinate.
	www.junglewalk.com /shop/Dog-gifts.htm (479 words)

	Domestic Dispute Attorney
		If you are you looking for an domestic dispute attorney in the United States you will find him or her here at The Attorney Directory from Resources For Attorneys.
		We do not claim, assume, or accept any responsibility or liability for the services provided by the domestic dispute websites listed in this directory.
		Any person or entity using this directory agrees that he or she is doing so at his or her own risk.
	domesticdisputeattorney.resourcesforattorneys.com (280 words)

	Small Greek Domestic Dog (Meliteo Kinidio) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In general the Small Greek Domestic Dog is larger in size than the Alopekis.
		At one time the Alopekis and Small Greek Domestic Dog were considered to be different types of the same breed.
		He's a bit bigger than most of the similar kind of dogs his owner has seen in Greece and his fur is thicker, probably due to the climate he's living in now.
	www.dogbreedinfo.com /smallgreekdomesticdog.htm (688 words)

	2. Canid Genetics
		Wayne's recent papers on the genetics of dogs and wolves show, quite clearly, that "[d]ogs are gray wolves, despite their diversity in size and proportion" (Wayne, 1993).
		Wayne then began to elucidate the genetic affinities shared by gray wolves and domestic dogs in the following statement: “The domestic dog is an extremely close relative of the gray wolf, differing from it by at most 0.2% of mtDNA sequence....
		This ‘gene tree’ suggests that the mitochondria of the dogs listed in clades 2 and 4 are more closely related to the mitochondria of wolves than they are to the mitochondria of the dogs in clades 1 and 3.
	www.fiu.edu /~milesk/Genetics.htm (2775 words)

	REFERENCES TO WOLF/DOG GENETIC HISTORY
		According to Hsu and Benirschke (1967), both dog and coyote have 39 pairs of chromosomes, with the autosomes described as "acrocentrics or teleocentrics" and the sex chromosomes as "submetacentric" for the X and 'minute' for the Y in the coyote and "minute metacentric" for the Y in the dog.
		Since a given breed of dog can not be defined by any scientific means currently known, our contention is that it is not possible to write any ordinance or law that would single them out for special treatment since they cannot be so defined in a legal sense.
		Technically, the domestic dog and wolf hybrids should be designated as the sub-species "domesticus".
	www.kc.net /~wolf2dog/genetic1.htm (860 words)

	ANIMAL Teachers: Warm-Blooded Ones: Dog (Domestic)
		Since they thought Dogs were loyal, courageous, and vigilant, Celtic warriors considered it an honor to be compared to Dogs, In Ancient Greece, Homer wrote of Argus who waited for Ulysses, his master, to return from the Trojan Wars.
		Muslims believed that Black Dog was a Jinn (Devil), and Christians saw It as the Devil on the prowl for souls.
		The dark side is Dog’s association with death and the Underworld.
	www.funkman.org /animal/mammal/dog.html (487 words)

	Amazon.com: The Domestic Dog : Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People: Books: James Serpell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The dog family or Canidae is a biologically cohesive group of carnivores that is divided into thirty-eight species, including the domestic dog (see Table 2.1).
		Dog breeders (and many owners) may be especially interested in the chapters dealing with what's known about heritability of traits, temperament, etc., as well as the role of early experience on later behaviors, disorders, etc.
		The early chapters of The Domestic Dog concerning evolution may be a little bit factual and historically oriented (read: a tad dry) but presents an excellent understanding of how dogs came into contact with humans and the resulting reliance and interations.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521425379?v=glance (1826 words)

	Dateline Story on Domestic Dog and Cat Fur Trade
		In China, it is perfectly legal to kill dogs and cats, but even in some other countries where the practice is illegal Kerreman says he found domestic animals being killed for their fur.
		There are animal cruelty laws in the United States that would prevent dogs or cats from being slaughtered for their fur.
		And because it’s perfectly legal to import dog and cat fur into the U.S. and because it is cheap compared to other furs, the Humane Society fears U.S. stores are unwittingly taking part in the sale of the fur of cats and dogs.
	www.geocities.com /wonderwomangodess/dateline_story_on_domestic_dog.htm (1409 words)

	Amazon.com: Dogs in Antiquity: Anubis to Cerbrus the Origins of the Domestic Dog: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Using new genetic research and the material from excavations, 'Anubis to Cerberus' first examines the archaeological evidence for the origins of the dog and the process of domestication in prehistory.
		Dogs represented gods in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece, and their archaeological remains have been recovered in cult centers.
		It will be invaluable for archaeologists wishing to identify dogs and canid remains, for zoologists tracing the history of the species and fascinating for anyone who has a serious interest in the history of the dog and the origins of modern breeds.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0856687049?v=glance (532 words)

	Dog Owner's Guide: Dog Crates I
		"Canis familiaris," the domestic dog, is descended from "Canis lupus," the wolf.
		Genetic variability and mutations in wolves produced domestic dogs of an amazing variety of sizes, shapes, and colors, dogs that were further refined into breeds created for specific purposes.
		You can continue to put the pup in the crate when you'll be away from the house as long as you don't leave puppies and young dogs confined too long and make sure they have plenty of exercise when you are home.
	www.canismajor.com /dog/crate1.html (1345 words)

	Animal Planet :: Guides :: Dog Breed Selector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Since the first arranged dog breeding, humans have been gradually creating the most diverse species in the world: Canis familiaris, the domestic dog.
		Diversity in dogs existed even in prehistoric times, with distinct types of families, or "breeds," arising among their wolf ancestors 3,000 to 4,000 years ago.
		Our dog breed directory is designed to inform you about some of these different breeds, but also to provide information that will help you choose the best dog for you.
	animal.discovery.com /guides/dogs/selector/selector.jsp (170 words)

	Rare Breed Network: New Guinea Singing Dog
		Their carnassial teeth are large, usually equal to or greater than 10% of their skull length, a trait common in wild canids but not domestic dogs.
		In 1976, V. Simonsen published the results of his study of canid blood enzymes, in which he found that the NGSD has two proteins that are different from those of jackals, wolves and domestic dogs but identical to those of the coyote.
		Due to habitat destruction and an influx of domestic dogs to the Central Mountain Highlands of the nations of Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya, NGSDs are rapidly sliding into a state of genetic extinction in the wild.
	www.rarebreed.com /breeds/ngsd/ngsd_club.html (992 words)

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