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	Donald Judd Summary
		Donald Judd was born in Excelsior Springs, Missouri, on June 3, 1928.
		Donald Judd began his art-making career as a painter in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when Abstract Expressionism was still the prevalent force in the New York art world.
		Donald Clarence Judd (June 3, 1928 - February 12, 1994) was a minimalist artist (a term he stridently disavowed) whose work sought autonomy and clarity for the constructed object and the space created by it, ultimately achieving a rigorously democratic presentation without compositional hierarchy.
	www.bookrags.com /Donald_Judd (1914 words)

	A Show Explores Donald Judd's Early Years (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Judd is also famous as an ex-painter who probably did more than anyone to start the painting-is-dead mantra of the 1960's and 70's.
		Yet what Judd got from painting was essential: not only the four-cornered volume of space, but also an understanding of painting as a discipline that produced deliberately hand-wrought objects in which every visual molecule counted and where innovation occurred, foremost, on a material level.
		In the end Judd would have to build Marfa to ever be so complete again, stripping down the buildings, setting out his extraordinary collections of art and furniture, filling an airplane hangar with his library, establishing the impeccably plain spaces for the works of his favored cohorts.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/irvinem/visualarts/NYT-DonaldJuddsEarlyYears-07-08-02.html (1484 words)

	Donald Judd
		Judd favoured local independence: 'The opposition can't be an institution but must be lots of diverse and educated people arguing and objecting'.3 Judd had a dark, ironic view of the art world and the world at large.
		Judd further criticised Burnham's study as 'baloney' and 'silly futurism', and his work as suffering from 'sloppy correlation[s], careless and general history and the mystical projection of the future'.
		Donald Judd was born and raised in the Midwest.
	www.studio-international.co.uk /sculpture/donald_judd.asp (1898 words)

	Donald Judd's Design ...the-artists.org
		Donald Judd's stride from 'painting' to 'sculpture' is to be understood in the broader perspective of the more general anti-mimetic trend, here in the disguise of anti-illusionism.
		Donald Judd prides himself on the fact that in his 'stack sculptures' the empty space between the boxes is an integral part of the sculpture as a whole.
		Although Donald Judd is a Columbia graduate, it suffices to read a text like 'Some Aspects of Color in General and Red and Black in particular' to become aware of the lamentable quality of his philosophising, even when it features in the prestigious catalogue of Tate Modern.
	www.the-artists.org /artistsblog/posts/st_content_001.cfm?id=1355 (2243 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		Donald Clarence Judd, sculptor, was born in his grandparents' farmhouse in Excelsior Springs, Missouri, on June 3, 1928, the son of Roy Clarence and Effie (Cowsert) Judd.
		Judd was particularly taken by the notion that art no longer had a representational purpose; he maintained that what mattered in a work of art was its own formal qualities-shape, color, surface, volume.
		Judd was also a Guggenheim Foundation fellow in 1968 and a National Endowment for the Arts grantee in 1967 and 1976.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/JJ/fjuyq.html (755 words)

	Donald Judd page
		Judd has made a comment on the material of art work; "The oil colors and canvas are not stronger than the commercial paints and the surface and colors of industrial materials, especially when they are used in three dimensions.
		Judd's intention was to make his specific objects totally separated from Sign of art, completely blank of meaning.
		Judd who stood on the field of modernism, could not understand why their tactics would work effectively.
	www.linkclub.or.jp /~kawasenb/02artist/judd_page/juddn_e.html (1215 words)

	IOnOne art \| design \| Stefan Beyst \| Donald Judd's design \| boxes
		Donald Judd's stride from 'painting' to 'sculpture' is to be understood in the broader perspective of the more general anti-mimetic trend, here in the disguise of anti-illusionism.
		The reason is that Donald Judd rather joins another anti-mimetic trend: the new geometric abstraction ('hard edge') of painters like Barnet Newmann, Ad Reinhardt en Frank Stella, who wanted to break with the 'abstract expressionism' from the school around Pollock and De Kooning.
		However much he is celebrated in the galleries and the museums, Donald Judd wants to have his works exhibited properly in an appropriate museum of his own already during his life-time.
	www.ionone.com /desbeyjud1.htm (557 words)

	Donald Judd: Architecture
		One of the leading representatives of Minimalism, Donald Judd's "specific objects," made of steel, wood, aluminum, and Plexiglass, undertook a radical and revolutionary analysis and redefinition of sculpture as it exists in space.
		In 1971, Judd bought an old fort near this small town; by systematically acquiring and transforming more and more local property, he amassed the largest ensemble of contemporary art in the world, with permanent installations of his own work and that of Carl Andre, John Chamberlan, Dan Flavin, and others.
		"Donald Judd: Architecture" presents drawings, design sketches, ground plans, and photographs of the grounds and architecture of this Minimalist desert oasis, and bears witness to Judd's role as the visionary architect and stage director of his own oeuvre.
	www.goantiques.com /detail,donald-judd-architecture,906746.html (327 words)

	A/D GALLERY Donald Judd
		Judd's furniture–at the crossroads both of the design world's interest in minimalism and the art world's interest in furniture designed by artists–is well known in both.
		Judd's theories about architecture, both through his writings and through the buildings in New York, Marfa, Texas, and Switzerland, have been extremely influential.
		These are only a few of many works designed by Judd that is still being fabricated by the wood and metal workers who made the furniture during his lifetime.
	www.adeditions.com /juddart_middle.html (112 words)

	IOnOne art \| design \| Stefan Beyst \| Donald Judd's design \| composition
		Donald Judd's most cherished principle is the addition in one dimension into a row or in two dimensions into a chequered pattern.
		When, as with Donald Judd, geometrising ends up in pure geometry, the dialectic between organic and geometric, typical of every more subtle kind of mimesis, is suspended altogether and collapses into a monolithic reality.
		In that sense Donald Judd's cube is the pure negation of the primeval sculpture: the human body - in sharp contrast to Brancusi's egg that is precisely its quintessence!
	www.ionone.com /desbeyjud1a.htm (239 words)

	Page 6 - What Would Donald Judd Do? - Texas - Joe Nick Patoski
		Judd was as drawn to the brown-eyed woman with the prominent, finely sculpted cheekbones as she was to him.
		Both Stockebrand and the Judd kids are guided by what they think Donald Judd wanted, but getting an honest assessment from anyone else about who is or isn't on the right track is almost impossible, since so much is riding on what will be done with Judd's properties and extensive collections.
		Ayala De Chinati, where Judd is buried, is on a south-facing promontory between the Chinati and Sierra Vieja mountain ranges, overlooking the valley of the Rio Grande a majestic landscape of canyons, peaks, and cliffs wholly devoid of humanity.
	www.joenickp.com /texas/donaldjudd6.html (1599 words)

	Donald Judd information - Search.com
		Donald Clarence Judd (June 3, 1928 - February 12, 1994) was a minimalist artist (a term he stridently disavowed) whose work sought autonomy and clarity for the constructed object and the space created by it, ultimately achieving a rigorously democratic presentation without compositional hierarchy.
		In 1968 Judd bought a five-story building in New York that allowed him to start placing his work in a more permanent manner than was possible in gallery or museum shows.
		Judd's work in Marfa includes 15 outdoor works in concrete and 100 aluminum pieces housed in two painstakingly renovated artillery sheds.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Donald_Judd (937 words)

	Donald Judd
		Working in New York in the 1960s, Judd became known as one of the key exponents of Minimalism’;, but it was a label that he strongly rejected.
		Judd broke new ground in his exploration of volume, interval, space and colour.
		Judd’s engagement with philosophy, architecture, design and politics informed his own work, and influenced succeeding generations of artists and designers.
	www.stylusart.com /noticias/donaldjud/donaldjuden.htm (369 words)

	Donald Judd Retrospective At Tate Modern — Art News NonstarvingArtists.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Working in New York in the 1960s, Judd became known as one of the key exponents of ‘Minimalism’, but it was a label that he strongly rejected.
		Judd broke new ground in his exploration of volume, interval, space and colour.
		Judd’s engagement with philosophy, architecture, design and politics informed his own work, and influenced succeeding generations of artists and designers.
	www.nonstarvingartists.com /News/Judd (503 words)

	Judd Foundation: Donald Judd biography
		Judd achieved this goal for his own work and that of his colleagues at both his studio and residence at 101 Spring Street in New York and in various locations in and around Marfa, Texas.
		Born Donald Clarence Judd on June 3, 1928, in Excelsior Springs, Missouri, the artist served in the United States Army in Korea, then attended The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia; the Art Students League, New York; and Columbia University, New York, where he received a B.S. in Philosophy, cum laude, in 1953.
		Judd’s first solo exhibition was in 1957 at the Panoras Gallery, New York, the same year he began graduate studies in art history at Columbia University.
	www.juddfoundation.org /bio (357 words)

	Donald Judd Online
		Donald Judd at the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Gemini G.E.L. prints
		Donald Judd at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C. Tate Gallery, London, UK Walker Art Center, Minnesota
		All images and text on this Donald Judd page are copyright 2007 by John Malyon/Artcyclopedia, unless otherwise noted.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /artists/judd_donald.html (398 words)

	WAC \| Visual Arts \| Exhibition \| The Essential Donald Judd
		Donald Judd (1928-1994) was one of the foremost practitioners of Minimal Art, which had its apex in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
		In the wake of Abstract Expressionism and its highly subjective, mystical focus, Judd and other Minimalists sought to create a depersonalized art in which the physical properties of space, scale, and materials were explored as phenomena of interest on their own, rather than as metaphors for human experience.
		In the 1960s, Judd became well known for sleek, boxlike constructions made of industrial materials such as plywood, sheet metal, and plexiglass that were painted using commercial techniques.
	www.walkerart.org /programs/vaexhibdonaldjudd.html (600 words)

	Tate Modern \| Past Exhibitions \| Donald Judd
		Working in New York in the 1960s, Judd became known as one of the key exponents of ‘Minimalism’;, but it was a label that he strongly rejected.
		Judd broke new ground in his exploration of volume, interval, space and colour.
		Judd’s engagement with philosophy, architecture, design and politics informed his own work, and influenced succeeding generations of artists and designers.
	www.tate.org.uk /modern/exhibitions/judd (391 words)

	Amazon.fr : Donald Judd: Livres en anglais: Nicholas Serota (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Beginning as an art critic and then a painter, Judd moved into three dimensions with the box-like structures he produced in the early 1960s, either arranged on the gallery floor or mounted on the wall.
		Judd's critical response to the work of other artists is examined, as is the importance of color to his work, and his reaction to new man-made materials and artificially generated color in the late-20th-century environment.
		A section on Judd's installations at Marfa in Texas, and an extensive new chronology, compiled by Judd's assistant, Jeff Kopie, are also included.
	www.amazon.fr /Donald-Judd-Nicholas-Serota/dp/1854373951 (427 words)

	Guggenheim Collection - Artist - Judd - Biography
		Judd challenged the artistic convention of originality by using industrial processes and materials—such as steel, concrete, and plywood—to create large, hollow Minimalist sculptures, mostly in the form of boxes, which he arranged in repeated simple geometric forms.
		In 1987, Judd was honored by a large exhibition at the Stedelijk Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven; this show traveled to Dï¿½sseldorf, Paris, Barcelona, and Turin.
		During his lifetime, Judd published a large body of theoretical writings, in which he rigorously promoted the cause of Minimalist Art; these essays were consolidated in two volumes published in 1975 and 1987.
	www.guggenheimcollection.org /site/artist_bio_70.html (492 words)

	Guggenheim Museum - Curriculum Online
		Though he shunned the term "minimalism" Donald Judd became one of the movement's leading artists as it emerged as a counterforce to Abstract Expressionism.
		Judd's earliest freestanding sculptures were singular, boxlike forms constructed of wood or metal.
		Judd used many industrial materials that had not previously been considered for making art, including stainless steel, concrete, plywood, brass, copper, Plexiglas, and galvanized iron (often enameled or anodized).
	www.guggenheim.org /artscurriculum/lessons/sf_judd.php (795 words)

	Louisa Guinness Gallery - Donald Judd
		Donald Judd began making furniture in 1973, when he moved from New York to Marfa, a ‘one horse’ town in Texas.
		The wooden pieces are all still made by one fabricator who worked with Judd and made the furniture to his specification.
		Judd was very insistent that his furniture should not be seen as artist’s furniture but as real furniture.
	www.louisaguinnessgallery.com /exhibitions/donald_judd.htm (310 words)

	Donald Judd: Untitled, 1976 Press Release (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hailed as one of Judd's most ambitious and successful achievements, it was acquired by Friedrich for the newly formed Dia Art Foundation, founded by himself and Philippa de Menil.
		Once among Dia's extensive collection of works by Donald Judd, the piece was donated in 1986 to the Chinati Foundation with the provision that it could eventually be sold to benefit Chinati, a monumental independent museum in Marfa that Judd created to install large-scale contemporary artworks on a long-term basis.
		Judd's model for the creative reuse of vernacular buildings for long-term art exhibition has become a defining influence for Dia's projects, notably the Dan Flavin Art Institute in Bridgehampton, New York, and its exhibition facility in a large warehouse on 22nd Street in Manhattan which opened to the public in 1988.
	www.diaart.org /dia/press/judd.html (518 words)

	Amazon.ca: Donald Judd: Books: Nicholas Serota (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most effectively, it groups major aspects of Judd's work into categories (stacks, linear wall pieces, series of boxes, etc.) clearly laying out his initial concepts, their evolution over time, and their relationships to other categories of work.
		The essay is full of wonderful observations such as Batchelor's equation of traditional brushes with organic nature, actual embodiments of their classical subject matter, that had to ultimately be abandoned by Judd (and of course others) in his search for artistic tools reflective of mechanization and urban modernity.
		Judd vehemently rejected the minimalist label, such label in Batchelor's view having contributed to critics' failure to recognize the sophisticated color and sensuality of the works.
	www.amazon.ca /Donald-Judd-Nicholas-Serota/dp/1854373951 (448 words)

	Clip & save - minimalist artist Donald Judd - Brief Article Arts & Activities - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Donald Judd (1928-1994) grew up in New Jersey, not far from New York City.
		As an art student, Judd painted in a realistic style, but he came to distrust any art that used illusions of realism and distance, as well as emotion.
		The idea underlying the work reproduced here was repeated numbers of times throughout Judd's long career with different numbers and sizes of boxes and with different materials such as aluminum and galvanized iron.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0HTZ/is_4_131/ai_85481962 (938 words)

	Donald Judd Oral History Interview Conducted by Bruce Hooton for the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, ...
		JUDD: Usually when someone says a thing is too simple, they're saying that certain familiar things aren't there, and they're seeing a couple maybe that are left, which they count as a couple, that's all.
		JUDD: I think he's good, but I think he was too late to do what he was doing and do it first rate, for a lot of reasons.
		JUDD: He's a good painter and I think he's got a lot that is pertinent to American art generally and even to, oh, Newman, maybe, almost anybody.
	www.aaa.si.edu /collections/oralhistories/transcripts/judd65.htm (3767 words)

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