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	Donation of Constantine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Donation of Constantine (Latin, Constitutum Donatio Constantini or Constitutum domini Constantini imperatoris) is a forged Roman imperial edict devised probably between 750 and 850.
		Purportedly issued by the Roman Emperor Constantine I, the Donation grants Pope Sylvester I and his successors, as inheritors of St Peter, the dominion over the city of Rome, Italy, and the entire Western Roman Empire, while Constantine would retain imperial authority in the Eastern Roman Empire from his new imperial capital of Constantinople.
		Lorenzo Valla's Discourse on the Forgery of the Alleged Donation of Constantine
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Donation_of_Constantine (420 words)

	Constantine I (emperor) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constantine is best remembered in modern times for the Edict of Milan in 313 and the Council of Nicaea in 325, which fully legalized Christianity in the Empire for the first time; these actions are considered major factors in the spreading of the religion.
		Constantine was born at Naissus (today's Niš, Serbia) in the province of Upper Moesia on 27 February 272 or 273, to Roman general, Constantius Chlorus, and his first wife Helena, an innkeeper's daughter who at the time was only sixteen years old.
		Constantine managed to be at his deathbed in Eboracum (York) of Roman Britain, where the loyal general Chrocus, of Alamannic descent, and the troops loyal to his father's memory proclaimed him an Augustus ("Emperor").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constantine_I_of_the_Roman_Empire (3425 words)

	Constantine the Great, c.274-337
		The Roman emperor, Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, or Constantine I, was born at Naissus, in Upper Moesia.
		Constantine joined his father, who ruled in the west, at Boulogne on the expedition against the Picts, and before Constantinus died (306) he proclaimed his son his successor.
		Constantine was now sole emperor of the west; and by the death of Galerius in 311 and of Maximin in 313, Licinius became sole emperor of the east.
	www.historyguide.org /ancient/constantine.html (515 words)

	Constantine the Great - OrthodoxWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Constantine was well educated and served at the court of Diocletian in Nicomedia as a kind of hostage after the appointment of his father Constantius, a general, as one of the two Caesars (at that time a junior emperor), in the Tetrarchy in 293.
		Though the document called the "Donation of Constantine" was proved a forgery (though not until the 15th century, when the stories of Constantine's conversion were long-established "facts") it was attributed as documenting the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity for centuries.
		Another aspect of Constantine that might indicate an incomplete acceptance of Christianity (from a modern view) was his notorious cruelty: he executed his own wife and eldest son in 326 for unknown reasons.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Constantine_the_Great (1405 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Donation of Constantine
		The document goes on to say that for himself the emperor has established in the East a new capital which bears his name, and thither he removes his government, since it is inconvenient that a secular emperor have power where God has established the residence of the head of the Christian religion.
		The distinctions conferred on the pope and the cardinals of the Roman Church the forger probably invented and described according to certain contemporary rites and the court ceremonial of the Roman and the Byzantine emperors.
		The medieval adversaries of the popes, on the other hand, never denied the validity of this appeal to the pretended donation of Constantine, but endeavoured to show that the legal deductions drawn from it were founded on false interpretations.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05118a.htm (3238 words)

	Donation of Constantine
		The Donation of Constantine is an older forgery .
		The wife of Constantine, Fausta, resided in it, and on the transfer of the seat of empire to Constantinople, he left it to Sylvester, as the chief of the Roman clergy and nobility.
		For centuries the Donation of Constantine was assumed by all to be genuine, and was used by the bishops of Rome to support their papal claims.
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/PF/doco.htm (2041 words)

	The Donation of Constantine and the critique of Lorenzo Valla
		The Donation of Constantine and the critique of Lorenzo Valla
		That the Donation is false is a commonplace, often made in a context of controversy; why it is so, is never stated, and Coleman says that in the 1920's no copy of Valla's works existed in any US public library.
		Coleman tells us in the preface that the Donation is probably to be dated to the 8th century, when the last remains of Imperial Byzantine authority were collapsing, and the Popes needed to act for their own safety independently and with authority.
	www.tertullian.org /rpearse/donation/donation_of_constantine.htm (1786 words)

	Milton V. Anastos - 13. The "Donation of Constantine" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		What the pseudonymous author, who passed himself off as the Emperor Constantine Î, was attempting to prove was that the imperial functions the popes were exercising, and seeking to exercise in the temporal sphere, were not to be regarded as usurpations on their part but had been entrusted to them by the Emperor Constantine Î.
		Constantine's intention as there expressed was to invest the see of Peter ("the vicar of the Son of God"), governed by the popes, the vicars of Peter, with a power and jurisdiction, which surpassed that of the emperor himself.
		It then has Constantine announce his decision to transfer the seat of his Empire from Rome to the East, since, he says, it would not be proper for the earthly ruler to perform his duties in the capital of the Christian religion.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/milton1_13.html (1044 words)

	Donation of Constantine
		By the partisans of the Empire, on the other hand, the Donation was looked upon as the fons et origo malorum, and Constantine was regarded as having, in his new-born zeal, betrayed his imperial trust.
		The donations of Pippin and Charlemagne established him as sovereign defacto; the donation of Constantine was to proclaim him as sovereign dejure.
		He lays stress on the relation of the supposed confession of faith of Constantine, embodied in the forgery, to that issued by the emperor Constantine V., pointing out the efforts made by the Byzantines between 756 and the synod of Gentilly in 767 to detach Pippin from the cause of Rome and the holy images.
	www.exorthodoxforchrist.com /donation_of_const.htm (1332 words)

	Donation articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Donation of Constantine DONATION OF CONSTANTINE [Donation of Constantine] see Constantine, Donation of.
		Constantine, Donation of CONSTANTINE, DONATION OF [Constantine, Donation of] Lat.
		He was pope under the reign of Emperor Constantine I, who built for him the Lateran and other churches.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Donation (436 words)

	Mithras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Conventional wisdom recalls that Constantine ordered the shields of his troops to be emblazoned with the Christian monogram—the Greek letters Chi Rho, the first two letters of the word "Christos." As a result Constantine’s victory over Maxentius at Milvian Bridge came to represent a miraculous triumph of Christianity over paganism.
		According to a witness accompanying Constantine’s army at the time, the vision was of the sun god—the deity worshiped by certain cults under the name of "Sol Invictus," "the Invincible Sun." There is evidence that Constantine, just before his vision, had been initiated into a Sol Invictus cult.
		The state religion of Rome under Constantine was, in fact, pagan sun worship; and Constantine, all his life, acted as its chief priest.
	www.crosscircle.com /CH_2f.htm (1438 words)

	Matilda Joslyn Gage Website: Scholarship: The Inquisiiton: Definitions
		The Donation of Constantine was a forged decree allegedly by the Emperor Constantine
		The Donation of Constantine was accepted as genuine until it was proved a forgery by Lorenzo Valla during the Renaissance.
		In the Donation of Constantine, the Church was given sovereignty over much of the land of western Europe by Constantine and the church, in turn, granted sovereignty over the land to secular rulers.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/gage/inquis/define.html (2979 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The alleged donation supposedly consisted of Constantine's imperial symbols and regalia.
		But the document, "The Donation of Constantine," is now known to be, without question, a forgery.
		He came to an arrangement with the Pope, and the Pope, by virtue of the spurious document, "Donation of Constantine," proclaimed Pepin III as king.
	www.textfiles.com /conspiracy/CN/cn11-79.txt (543 words)

	Valla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Valla’s investigation of the Donation of Constantine and proof of its falsity was a landmark in the rise of skepticism regarding "official" documents and in the application of critical scholarship as a means to judge their veracity.
		For the fact that there is mention of the donation in the document of the deed is no reason for inferring that it was accepted; but on the contrary, the fact that there is no mention [anywhere] of an acceptance is reason for saying that there was no donation.
		One of their number, a most devout man, Constantine, the first openly to come to belief in the Truth, gave permission to those living under his government, throughout the whole world, not only to become Christians, but even to build churches, and he decreed that landed estates be distributed among these.
	www.humanistictexts.org /valla.htm (3734 words)

	The Donation of Constantine: anti-Catholic charges refuted
		In 1440, the Donation was critically rejected by the Renaissance humanist Lorenzo Valla (1407-57) in his De falso credita et ementita Constantini donatione declamatio, using critical methods that became the model for later textual criticism.
		Constantine did as he was instructed, was healed, was baptized, and in thanks he gave as a "deed" the document known as the Donation.
		The Donation did not in any way change the Church’s understanding of the temporal power of the pope, and this understanding was clear from times long before the Donation first came to light of day.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/seanie/forgeries/donation.html (1586 words)

	Donation of Rome
		The emperor Constantine kneels before Pope Sylvester in the act of offering him the city of Rome, symbolized by the golden statue.
		The foundation of the state of the church and justification for the temporal power of the Popes was based on this episode (subsequently proved to be legendary).
		Sylvester has the traits of Clement VII (pontiff from 1523 to 1534) and the episode documents the interior, later destroyed, of the old early Christian basilica of St Peter's.
	mv.vatican.va /3_EN/pages/x-Schede/SDRs/SDRs_01_04_006.html (78 words)

	Vicarius Filii Dei & "666" Debunked
		I maintain that every single time a Pope quoted the Donation of Constantine as proof of his temporal authority, or the Donation was quoted as genuine in Canon Law, this effectively constituted an acknowledgment that the phrase Vicarius Filii Dei was also considered to be authentic, and this situation existed for well over 600 years....
		Whether or not the Donation of Constantine, a known forgery purporting to be a civil or government document, constitutes an official Church document, and 2.
		Rather, in the Donation of Constantine, the Pope is the "supreme pontiff", "universal pope" and vicar of Peter or Vicarius Petrus.
	www.shasta.com /sphaws/vicar.html (3620 words)

	Donation of Constantine - Details
		The Donation of Constantine (Constitutum Constantini), written probably not long after the middle of the eighth century, became widely known through its incorporation in the Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals (about 847-853).
		Of these documents the Donation of Constantine was perhaps the most spectacular, even though it was not the most important.
		In the full text of the Donation, as for instance the one published by Zeumer, are found many features distinctive of Italian documents of the eighth century, and a number that apparently are peculiar to the chancellery of Stephen II (III), Bishop of Rome 752-757, and of Paul I (757-767), more particularly the latter.
	www.mgr.org /VaticanForgery2.html (1961 words)

	Was there really a Pope Joan? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a document known as "The Donation of Constantine," the Church was given total political as well as spiritual authority over all things in the Western empire.
		The character of Nicholas is the historical Pope Nicholas I, whose vision and organizational ability enabled the Church to wrest itself from the influence of the Holy Roman Empire and become the dominant political force of the Dark Ages until the Reformation.
		The infamous Donation of Constantine, upon which the whole concept of the Church as a sovereign state is founded, was indeed discovered to be a forgery.
	www.orlok.com /herstory.html (567 words)

	The Donation of Constantine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Donation of Constantine, whose oldest manuscript cannot be surely dated before 800, purports to be a grant of quasi-imperial powers over Rome, Italy, "and all the Western regions" to silent Pope Silvester I from Constantine, whom Silvester is said to have baptized, as he went east to establish his new capital in Constantinople.
		Among the kernels of historical fact at the roots of this legend were Constantine's grant to the church in Rome of the Lateran palace and various other buildings and benefits, during the years immediately after his conversion and the capture of Rome.
		If the Donation of Constantine was forged for Pepin and used to mislead him, no word or act of his reflects it.
	www.catholicsource.net /articles/donation.html (310 words)

	NOVA \| The Viking Deception \| Famous Fakes \| PBS
		Allegedly sent by the Roman emperor Constantine the Great to Pope Sylvester I in the fourth century A.D., the letter testifies to the emperor's conversion to Christianity and grants vast authority to the pope and his successors.
		Constantine's conversion is an historical fact, but the letter is a pure fabrication.
		Various popes used it over the ensuing centuries to defend their political power, and the Donation was even celebrated in a painting in the Vatican.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/vinland/fakes.html (1415 words)

	Chapter 5 - The Church Claims Ownership of all Isles and Lands as yet Undiscovered
		The use of the forged Donation initiated a new and more definite phase, however, when Pope Urban II claimed possession of Corsica in 1091, deducing Constantine's right to give away the island from the strange principle that all islands were legally juris publici, and therefore State domain.
		From then onwards, by virtue of the Donation of Constantine, the popes loudly claimed to be the feudal lords of all the islands of the ocean, and started to dispose of them according to their will.
		The exposure of the falsity of the Donation proceeded until the middle of the fifteenth century, when three men succeeded, more than any others had done, in exploding the myth on historical grounds, proving without doubt that the fact of the Donation, no less than the document, was a fraudulent invention.
	www.cephasministry.com /catholic_vaticans_billions_5.html (2142 words)

	666, The Number of the Beast
		The Donation of Constantine is cited in writing by no less than 10 Popes as proof of their civil authority and sovereignty over Rome, and what came to be known as the Papal States, which included a large portion of Italy.
		Donation of Constantine, shown below, is in the Vatican, in the Sala di Costantino.
		It was painted by Raphael and his workshop from 1519 to 1525, along with depictions of Constantine's baptism, his vision of the cross, and his victory at the battle at Milvian bridge, so at the time it would seem the Donation of Constantine was still considered to be genuine.
	www.aloha.net /~mikesch/666.htm (8406 words)

	Historical Forgeries
		Another glaring mistake in the document was the fact that it quoted from St. Jerome’s translation of the Bible, despite the fact that Jerome was born twenty-six years after the alleged date of the Donation of Constantine.
		Clearly, the forging of the Donation of Constantine, quite opposite to the commands of God, deliberately deceived many to believe in the authority of the Church of Rome for a great part of the Middle Ages.
		This essay was donated to hyperhistory.net and may be in the process of revision to meet course standards.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/comp/cw05forgeries.htm (1335 words)

	Donation of Constantine - Summary
		On the Forgery of the Alleged Donation of Constantine - Summary
		Constantine understood the power of Christianity over pagan culture, and recognised Christianity as the official religion and even substituted his pagan statesmen with Christians.
		Later, Constantine was struck down by the plague and begged his pagan priests to cure him.
	www.mgr.org /VaticanForgery1.html (543 words)

	The Donation of Constantine
		For centuries the Donation legitimated the Church's possession of the papal lands in Italy.
		The Donation was not revealed to be a forgery until 1440.
		On the forgery of the alleged Donation of Constantine.
	www.museumofhoaxes.com /donation.html (280 words)

	donation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		HE Emperor Constantine yielded his crown, and all his royal prerogatives in the city of Rome, and in Italy, and in western parts to the Apostolic [See].
		HE Emperor Constantine the fourth day after his baptism conferred this privilege on the Pontiff of the Roman church, that in the whole Roman world priests should regard him as their head, as judges do the king.
		The Treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine, translated by Christopher B. Coleman.
	www.humanistictexts.org /donation.htm (628 words)

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