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Topic: Dong Zhongshu

	Dong Zhongshu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At one point he was thrown into prison and nearly executed for writings that were considered seditious, and he may have cosmologically predicted the overthrow of the Han Dynasty and its replacement by a Confucian sage, the first appearance of a theme that would later sweep Wang Mang to the imperial throne.
		The only work that has survived to the present that is attributed to Dong Zhongshu is the Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals in 82 chapters.
		Arbuckle, G. Inevitable treason: Dong Zhongshu's theory of historical cycles and the devalidation of the Han mandate, Journal of the American Oriental Society 115(4).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dong_Zhongshu (470 words)

	Dong Zhongshu Summary
		Dong is not developing these concepts further but rather applies and combines old traditions in new contexts like text exegesis, modification of cosmological cycles, devaluation of yin (punishment) against yang (education), or the introduction of a lenient aspect in Heaven's clockwork of mechanical resonance.
		Dong Zhongshu appears rather differently under the premise that he is the author of the whole CQFL, a premise which has been upheld by the mainstream of traditional scholarship.
		Dong Zhongshu used the concepts of Heaven and yin and yang for political, prognostication, and ritual purposes.
	www.bookrags.com /Dong_Zhongshu (3034 words)

	The Canonization of Confucian learning in the Han Dynasty
		Dong Zhongshu (195-105 B.C.) was the first Chinese imperial scholar who proposed to canonize Confucian learning into the state ethic in the Han Dynasty, which was granted, thereby establishing the supremacy of Confucian learning in China and East Asia in the next two millennium.
		Dong Zhongshu had to compete with devotees to alchemy and other beliefs who tried to distill gold or the elements that would impart everlasting life from sand, and whose followers included some Han emperors.
		Dong Zhongshu also continues the Mencian insistence on mutuality between ruler and ruled, perhaps because similar to Mencius, he was in a position to advise the rulers of his day, the Han emperors.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h425/canonizationofconfucian.htm (830 words)

	Confucianism - Search View - MSN Encarta
		The success of Han Confucianism was attributable to Dong Zhongshu, who first recommended a system of education built upon the teachings of Confucius.
		Drawing on ideas from contemporary cosmology and divination, Dong Zhongshu believed in a close correspondence between human beings and nature; thus a person's deeds, especially those of the sovereign, are often responsible for unusual phenomena in nature.
		Dong thus gained a check on imperial authority, at the cost of polluting the original Confucian rationalism.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761553693__1/Confucianism.html (2531 words)

	Advanced Qigong Practice program
		Herein lies the real meaning of the doctrine followed by the disciples of Zou Yan that the five virtues move in an endless cycle and are applied to explain the replacement of the dynasties.
		Further more, Dong Zhongshu holds that the locations of the five elements should be that wood is on the left, metal on the right, fire in the front, water in the rear and earth at the center.
		That Dong Zhongshu interpreted the theory of the five elemens in terms of qi rections, locations, seasons and feudalethics was intended to justify the rightness of the feudalist moral codes and order in the interests of the feudalist rulers.
	www.damo-qigong.net /taoism/origin/origin2.htm (910 words)

	China to the Fall of the Han Dynasty
		Dong Zhongshu recognized the disadvantage faced by those farmers who could not afford to buy iron tools, who had to till with wood and to weed with their hands.
		Dong Zhongshu brought a variety of ideas into Confucian philosophy, including the concept of Yin and Yang - an idea that had arisen to explain all change, physical and social.
		Dong Zhuo swaggered about the court with his sword, behaving in a manner described as debauched and bestial, while his troops, many of whom were Xiongnu, ran about the capital, pillaging and murdering as they pleased.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch14.htm (10434 words)

	Works part A.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is obvious that the Dong Zhongshu of the "Bibliographic record" is the 123-chapter collection mentioned first in Dong's biography, and we might suppose that given the specialized interest of Dong's legal writings, they might have appeared both in his collected works and in a separate text circulating independently.
		Above, we have shown that there is reasonable cause to suspect that Dong Zhongshu was not the author of some or all the material in Section A. It fits poorly with both a number of his specific positions and the more general tendency of his thought.
		Dong Zhongshu recognized the Zhongchang bird, Liu Zizheng [Liu Xiang] identified the corpse of the Erfu.
	s92518733.onlinehome.us /dong/works_part_A.html (7913 words)

	Confucianism - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		He claimed instead that producing virtues in people is like steaming and bending a piece of wood into a new shape.
		For example, he introduced the idea of yin and yang, two complementary and opposing aspects found in varying proportions in all things in the universe.
		Dong Zhongshu lived during the Han dynasty (206 bc-ad 220), and he convinced the Han emperor of China to adopt Confucianism.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761553693___3/Confucianism.html (567 words)

	A Question of Technique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dong Zhongshu has no separate biography in the Shiji, written by his younger contemporary Sima Qian, but instead is dealt with in the company of other Confucians in a collective account.
		Zhongshu memorialized the king of Jiangdu, saying, "The method of seeking rain is to reduce the Yang and increase the Yin.
		Dong Zhongshu elaborated the rain sacrifice in the Chunqiu, setting up an earthen dragon to summon the rain, its significance being the use of the clouds and the dragon to attract each other.
	s92518733.onlinehome.us /dong/dongrain1.html (9300 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Stephen F Teiser: Spirits of Chinese Religions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dong was recognized by the government as the leading spokesman for the scholarly elite.
		Dong drew heavily on concepts of earlier thinkers--few of whom were self-avowed Confucians--to explain the workings of the cosmos.
		Dong's theories proved determinative for the political culture of Confucianism during the Han and later dynasties.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/texts/lopez.html (15596 words)

	Amazon.com: "Dong Zhongshu": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dong Zhongshu, a major Han Confucian thinker, set forth the doctrine that "De (virtue) is the master and punishment the assistant (de...
		The execution of Zhufu Yan and the transfer of Dong Zhongshu to Jiaoxi were both due to his efforts.
		It is well known that Dong Zhongshu was a Han intellectual and court adviser whose thought was central in shaping the historical dimensions of the Confucian tradition.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Dong-Zhongshu (619 words)

	Koguryo
		Dong Zhongshu understood the dilemma faced by farmers who could not afford to buy iron tools and had to till the soil with wood and weed their fields by hand.
		He complained that common peasants had to sell their crops when prices were low then turn around and borrow money in the spring at high interest rates just to start planting.
		Dong Zhongshu proposed to solve the economic crisis by reducing taxes on the poor, reducing the state labor conscription of peasants, abolishing the government's monopoly on salt and iron, and improving the distribution of farm lands by limiting the amount of land that any one family could own.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C02/E0201.htm (3469 words)

	NGUOI VIET Online
		The core of Dong’s creed was that only the emperor can receive the “mandate of heaven.” If the emperor obeys God’s commands he and his imperial domains will enjoy peace and prosperity.
		Dong Zhongshu’s views, especially that “God and Humans are One,” were put on the back burner.
		Dong Zhongshu’s call for “God and Humans to become comrades with each other” stands out in contrast to the deep pessimism of the “Book of Ecclesiastes” in the Old Testament.
	www.nguoi-viet.com /absolutenm/anmviewer.asp?a=16977&z=47 (815 words)

	CHAPTER XXIII
		On the basis of Mencius’s theory of human nature, influenced by the doctrine of Yin and Yang and the five elements, Dong Zhongshu claimed that human nature manifests five constant virtues, i.e., benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity, which correspond to the five elements, i.e, metal, wood, water, fire and earth.
		Hence, Dong Zhongshu called for law to be used as a supplement to virtue.
		Dong Zhongshu, Chunqiu Fanlu (Luxuriant Gems from the Spring and Autumn Annals), Chapter, Biren qiezhi (Must Be Benevolent and Wise).
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-11/chapter_xxiii.htm (2135 words)

	Take a BrainSip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		'''Dong Zhongshu''' (&33891;&20210;&33298; Hanyu Pinyin Dong3 Zhong4shu1) (c.176 BCE - c.104 BCE) was a Han Dynasty Confucian scholar who successfully promoted the adoption of Confucianism as official ideology of the Chinese imperial state.
		Born in Guangchuan (in modern Hebei), he entered the imperial service during the reign of the Emperor Jing and rose to the rank of Prime Minister (cheng2xiang4) under the Emperor Wu.
		Of Dong Zhongshu's works, only the Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals survives, in a text that has been extensively revised and expanded by later authors.
	dong-zhongshu.brainsip.com (199 words)

	Dong Zhongshu - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Dong Zhongshu - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Dong Zhongshu contains research on
		Dong Zhongshu, References, Chinese thinkers, Chinese philosophers and Han Dynasty.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Dong_Zhongshu (494 words)

	Former Han Legal Philosophy notes
		However, even though Dong surely would have assented to this as a general principle, it is set in the context of his rather unusual theory of historical cyclcs, a complicated topic which must be reserved for a later paper.
		Dong is usually credited with being the father of san tong theory, but it is unclar as to whether the chapter of the Chunqiu fanlu which develops it at greatest length ("Sandai gaizhi zhiwen" 23) is authentic.
		Dong is referring to Gongyang Duke Wen 18th year, "The wife neé Jiang returned to Qi"; this is said by He Xiu to have been a "grand return" (equivalent to expulsion), and did not involve any remarriage (the woman concerned was the widow of Duke Wen).
	www.cic.sfu.ca /nacc/articles/hanlaw/arblawnotes.html (4499 words)

	Confucian philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dong proposed to rule the country by virtues, and provided a set of suggestions on politics and society.
		Dong's philosophical structure is the reflection of the time.
		Therefore, the key point of realizing Confucianism is to work out a feasible way for the kings to implement the "policy of benevolence." On the one hand, Dong apotheosized the power of the emperor, and deemed him "son of heaven;" on the other, the emperor was under checks and balances from heaven.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_madeinchina/2005-09/27/content_73480_3.htm (407 words)

	New Page 1
		Therefore when Dong Zhongshu proposed to establish Confucian orthodoxy to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the emperor gladly agreed.
		In Dong Zhongshu's writings, changes in the universe were brought about by yin, yang, the five elements and their interactions.
		Dung Zhongshu's (mistaken) belief that Confucius compiled the Spring and Autumn Annals of his Kingdom of Lu led him to believe that history needed to be carefully studied in order to reveal Confucius's interpretation of history.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h425/Feng1718.htm (2153 words)

	Buddhismo Mahayana, Prasangika Madhyamika, Buddismo Mahayana, Buddhismo Tibetano, Buddismo, Tibet, Madhyamaka, Middle ...
		Dong Zhongshu fu l’ideologo degli Han Anteriori, che suggerì all’imperatore Wudi l’elevamento del confucianesimo a dottrina di Stato e l’istituzione del sistema degli esami.
		Dong Zhongshu considerò che tutto è sottoposto alla Legge dell’Eterno Ritorno e quindi, trovate le forze agenti, si sarebbe potuto capire il presente e prevedere il futuro.
		Dong Zhongshu cercò pure di combinare una sintesi di tutte le ideologie note.
	www.mahayana.it /chan.html (2821 words)

	The Scholars of Shen Zhou :: View topic - Liu Yan SGZ bio translation, discussion, etc
		Dong Fu himself requested to be Chief Commandant of the Western State of Shujun, and together with Zhao Wei from Baxi, who abandoned his position of Prefect of the Imperial Granaries, he followed Liu Yan (4).
		Dong Fu requested to be colonel of the state of Shu Commandary, and just after a year he left the court the emperor died and the realm fell into chaos.
		Previously, Dong Fu was unrivaled in speeches and debates within the Yi District, and was nicknamed "Silence on Arrival", meaning that wherever he went, people would become silent upon his arrival as no one could match him in a debate.
	the-scholars.com /viewtopic.php?t=11950 (3422 words)

	Prediction #43: The Shanghai UFO Will Appear Again
		Dong Zhongshu was the key ideological figure in the Han Dynasty's definitive unification of China.
		And Wu Di and Dong Zhongshu made a cosmologized Confucianism the imperial faith of the Han Dynasty.
		Dong Zhongshu taught that the god emperor had to obey the commands of Heaven a.k.a.
	www.pacificnews.org /jinn/stories/predictions/991214-ufo.html (1320 words)

	dong zhongshu confucianism: needanessay.com-instant quality college essays, research essays, custom essays
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	www.needanessay.com /term-papers/1476/dong-zhongshu-confucianism.html (412 words)

	[No title]
		Dong erects a hierarchical, “vertical” type of correlativism: he builds yin-yang interactions architecturally, seeking structures that endure over time and assigning fixed values even to yin-yang processes.
		Dong’s hierarchies do not always pair high and low in such mutually correlating ways; see, e.g., 31.237: *When our hearts can’t find honor we can’t find joy; when our bodies can’t find benefit/profit we can’t rest at ease.
		Dong’s “Abundant Dews” include a large measure of commentary on classics; though we will not examine in detail Han exegesis of the Chinese Canon—footnotes and glosses by such masters as Zheng Xuan and “Kong Anguo,” etc.—it seems worthwhile to stress again the intimate connection between expanding on canonical purport and antimetabolic writing.
	www.hawaii.edu /eall/ppl/indiv/Chn/McCraw/dblx/xch7.doc (9792 words)

	Dong Zhongshu and Wang Chong,chinese history,chinese cultural
		Dong Zhongshu was also known for the "three cardinal guides
		According to Dong Zhongshu, Heaven had its will and purpose.
		Dong Zhongshu was no doubt the most important philosopher of
	www.china-holiday.com /china/chinainfo/dongzhongshu.htm (1297 words)

	Healing Dao Forum
		But, she says, "the alignment was in fact made by Confucians in the past, and with the alignment, gender essentialism is suggested."(15) This, of course, begs the question why Dong Zhongshu should have made this interpretive shift in the application of the yin-yang complementarity.
		One can only speculate, but since Dong was constructing a massive intellectual system of correspondences, it is not unreasonable to assume that even a garden-variety level of sexism or patriarchal attitude might have tempted him to align women and men with yin and yang, in the interest of filling out his system.
		It was the resulting politicization of Dong Zhongshu's Confucian synthesis that provided the conservative inertia which, over the centuries, would draw Confucianism consistently toward support of stability, a hierarchical order, and the status quo.
	www.healingtaousa.com /cgi-bin/tpost.pl?smessage=10027 (4071 words)

	UH Press Journals Log » Philosophy East & West, vol. 55, no. 2 (April 2005)
		Dong Zhongshu (Tung Chung-shu, 179-104 B.C.E.) was the first prominent Confucian to integrate yin-yang theory into Confucianism.
		Secondly, Dong identifies yang with human nature (xing) and benevolence (ren), and yin with emotion (qing) and greed (tan).
		An analysis of Dong’s work shows that the mere complementarity of yin and yang does not guarantee gender equality; they are not fixed categories, but together form a transformative dynamic harmony.
	www.uhpress.hawaii.edu /blog/?p=183 (997 words)

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