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Topic: Donghak

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	Donghak Rebellion Of 1864 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Cheondogyo evolved in the early 1900's from the Donghak peasant liberation movements in the southern provinces of Korea.
		Donghak called for veneration of god " Haneullim " ("Lord of Heaven"), and holding the belief that man is not created by a supernatural God, but man is instead caused by an innate God.
		Members of Donghak were severely persecuted by the colonial Japanese government, and so, on December 1, 1905, Son Byeong-hui decided to modernise the religion and usher in an era of openness and transparency in order to legitimise it in the eyes of the Japanese.
	www.seattleluxury.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/entry/Donghak_Rebellion_of_1864 (2371 words)

	Donghak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Donghak ("Oriental Culture;" Hangul : 동학;; Hanja : 東學;) was a Korean religion founded in 1860 by Ch'oe Suun.
		Donghak venerated the "Haneullim" ("Lord of Heaven") and believed that is not created by a supernatural God man is instead caused by an innate Koreans have believed in Haneullim from ancient so Donghak could be seen to be truly Korean religion unlike Buddhism or Christianity.
		Members of Donghak were severely persecuted by colonial Japanese government and so on December 1 1905 Son Byong-Hi decided to modernise the and usher in an era of openness transparency in order to legitimise it in eyes of the Japanese.
	www.freeglossary.com /Donghak (395 words)

	Chondogyo: East Asian philosophy meets economic theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Donghak started out in 1812 in Gyeongsang province as a movement against oppressive landlords and the ruling elite at a time when disease and corruption were rampant.
		Politically, one of Donghak's main aims was to drive out pro-Japanese sentiment in Korea, and to hide this from the colonial government, Sohn officially changed its name to Chondogyo on Dec. 1, 1905.
		Though the teachings of Donghak were modified with the change of name, the principle of Chondogyo still remains largely nationalistic.
	203.216.7.196 /users/coynerhm/chondogyo.htm (604 words)

	Learn Korean language in Korea National Institute
		DongHak protected a " from foreign country, and it let it rescued the people from tyrannical government and live safely, and the" lets you make an assertion.
		It is for the DongHak peasant movement that is a peasant movement of the largest scale in history to have happened in 1894 receives influence of this DongHak, and it to have been put on a display all over the country.
		Afterwards, the government and the Japanese Empire are strong DongHak was supressed, and kept only life, and Son Byeong Hi was CheonDoGyo, and exchanged name, and repaired an organization.
	www.studyinkorea.go.kr /ENGLISH/A300/A300_Co33.jsp (690 words)

	[No title]
		Regional Donghak administrative heads Son Hwa-jung of Mujang, Gim Gae-nam of Taein, and Gim Deok-myeong of Geumgu, unable to further tolerate the exploitation and tyranny of Gobu magistrate Jo Byeong-gap, joined Jeong Bong-jun in leading an insurrection in Mujang.
		The Donghak army, to avoid bringing harm to the guiltless peasantry, established twelve rules for military conduct, and discipline was strict.
		However, the Donghak army was no match for the powerful new weaponry and superior firepower enjoyed by the Japanese, and on the eleventh day of the eleventh month, with the dead covering Eugeumchigogae, they met with the undying bitterness of wretched defeat and retreat.
	www.chondogyo.or.kr /new/chon/ce005.htm (4027 words)

	::: Welcome to Gong-Ju Cultural Tourism :::
		Ugeumchi is the last battlefield of Donghak revolutionary army in 1894.
		Donghak revolutionary army led by Jeon Bong-Jun rising in Gobu Jeollado in Jan. 1894 occupied Jeonju in April of the same year and dominated Honam district.
		Donghak revolutionary army boasting about 100,000 soldiers met with a disastrous defeat in a battle with Japanese and only about 1,000 soldiers could survive.
	tour.gongju.go.kr /eng/area/area_park_10.php (190 words)

	Chondogyo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cheondogyo is a 20th century Korean nationalist religious movement, based on the 19th century Donghak movement founded by Choe Je-u.
		Cheondogyo transliterally means Master in Heaven, in which cheon refers to Heaven, do refers to the ways and gyo refers to religion.
		This coordinated series of activities was known as the Gapjin Reform Movement.This text uses many "loaded" words, such as lackeys.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cheondogyo (2391 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > The Donghak and the Peasant War of 1894
		In 1892 there were widespread Donghak demonstrations across the South, calling for the recognition of the sect and the rehabilitation of Choe Je-U. High hopes were soon dashed and the demonstrations were suppressed.
		The foreign communities were rife with rumours of a Donghak army converging on the capital, as off Incheon an international flotilla of warships awaited the threat to their respective nationals.
		The feared Donghak army failed to manifest at the gates of Seoul, but instead in May 1893 twenty-thousand gathered at Poun in Chungchongdo, demanding land reform, the expulsion of foreigners and the end of diplomatic and economic relations with foreign powers.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t2890.html (2464 words)

	locomote » 백범김구 - terrorist or hero?
		These can be achieved by each one of our people reforming his or her own mind, and these can be permanently maintained by teaching this same spirit to future generations.
		Kim’s ideology, from an early age when he joined the Donghak Peasants Army, was that all people are equal - extremely c lashing with the distorted Confucianism that is still evident today in Korea.
		Donghak was created to counter the “yang-ban”, essentially the ruling class of Korea, who in desperation and fear of the peasant’s army invited the Japanese army to come help them stifle the uprising.
	www.locomote.org /?p=220 (1308 words)

	Son Byong-Hi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		After this period Son Byong-Hi became the of Choe Si-Hyung who was the second of Donghak and entered a life of study.
		In 1894 Choe Si-Hyung led the Gabo Donghak in protest at the corruption of the Joseon government and Son Byong-Hi served as commander.
		Members of Donghak were severely persecuted by Japanese government and so on December 1 1905 Son decided to modernise the religion usher in an era of openness and in order to legitimise it in the of the Japanese.
	www.freeglossary.com /Son_Byong-Hi (911 words)

	My Family Women
		The Yi Dynasty invited the Japanese military to suppress the Donghak Rebellion (1894), which was a popular people's movement initiated by peasant farmers who opposed the foreign, imperial powers of Japan, England, France, Russia and the USA.
		The farmers based their rebellion on the teaching of Donghak, Study of the East (against the source of western powers, Study of the West, Seohak).
		According to the teaching of Donghak, all people are as noble as gods, and men and women are born equal.
	www.awakenedwoman.com /lee_family_women.htm (3719 words)

	Welcome to Dobong Library
		Born in Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Sohn has entered Donghak system in 1882 at the age of 22.
		By renaming Donghak as Cheondogyo in 1906, Sohn has increased its force and by taking charge of Boseong School and Dongdeok School, he has dedicated himself in educational project.
		After retirement in 1908, Sohn was sentenced to 3 years' imprisonment in 1919 for initiating March 1st Movement as a leader of the 33 national representatives.
	www.dobonglib.go.kr /english/kids/pds_10.asp (239 words)

	[No title]
		Great Master Su-un, the founder of Donghak ('Eastern Learning,'from which Chondogyo is derived) was born Choe Je-u on the twenty eighth day of the tenth month in the thirty-sixth year before Podeok(øÖÓì) (1824), near today's Gyeongju City in the village of Gajeong, Hyeongok Township.
		However, the timing of Donghak¡¯s beginnings dictated that it would have to tread a path of extraordinary suffering and hardship, for the medieval dynastic order of Joseon was in a state of upheaval, made worse by the encroachment of the West.
		The enormous organization of Donghak church assemblies that had remained largely hidden until this time were now revealed to be a huge congregation of people supported by a very large and effective governing body.
	www.chondogyo.or.kr /chon/ce001.htm (4325 words)

	Gabo Donghak Revolution - Galbijim (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Galbijim Wiki is on its way to becoming the number one information source for those living, working, and travelling in Korea.
		This rebellion, fueled by religious fervor of a "messiah" amongst them and anger at the government for high taxes on rice, began in the Jeolla province of southwest Korea (which is now 'Jeollabuk-do) and spread to central Korea.
		The original article was at Donghak Peasant Revolution http://en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888/wiki/ Donghak Peasant Revolution.
	wiki.galbijim.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Gabo_Donghak_Revolution (982 words)

	Minyjun Theology
		The focus of our attention is paid to the religious developments of Donghak, the name of the new teaching founded by Choe Je‑U (1824‑1864) in 1860 C.E., and Minjung theology, which was espoused by some Christian theologians during the tumultuous period of the 1970s in Korea.
		Although this book is not an attempt to address or to find answers to these questions, it is fair to say that such questions must be presupposed in all theological discourse on the theme of culture and the gospel.
		The purpose of this book is to illustrate the spiritual ethos Choe Jeu exemplas in founding Donghak, namely that a genuine cultural transformation is to be sought through a religious synthesis in a particular way.
	www.wordtrade.com /religion/christianity/minyjuntheologyR.htm (1089 words)

	Chondogyo (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Cheondogyo is a 20th century Korean nationalist religious movement, based on the 19th century Donghak movement founded by Choe Che-U. Being rooted in Korean Buddhist, Confucian and Daoist beliefs and rituals with some Christian influence, this Korean religion is becoming more and more popular in North and South Korea with the revival of Korean nationalism.
		Chundo-gyo evolved in the early 1900's from the Donghak peasant liberation movements in southern provinces of Korea.
		Venerating the god "Haneullim" ("Lord of Heaven"), and holding the belief that man is not created by a supernatural God, But man is instead caused by an innate God.
	chondogyo.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2255 words)

	[No title]
		The last one was used as a light meal when the royal family member visited the King, which gives rise to the concept of the origin of bibimbap as a royal food.
		The theory of　Donghak revolution resulted from a historical assumption that the Donghak soldiers had to prepare foods by mixing everything together because of the lack of food containers.
		The theory of farmer's food during busy time　 is as follows: the farmers are very busy in rice-farming season and they don't have time to have a formal meal, so it is difficult to take enough bowls into the fields.
	www.localfood.or.kr /food_info_english/province_food_01.htm (1388 words)

	KBS GLOBAL
		But in addition to its beautiful scenery, Jeongeup is a meaningful travel destination because it is the birthplace of the Donghak Peasants Revolution (a revolution staged by peasants in 1894), one of the great watersheds in the modern history of Korea.
		Hwangtohyon is the battlefield where the peasant troops defeated government forces for the first time in the history of the Donghak Revolution.
		If you have any knowledge about the Donghak Revolution before starting your trip to Jeongeup, you will be able to learn even more about how the peasant troops lived and fought.
	english.kbs.co.kr /life/travel/spots/1385803_11625.html (1030 words)

	Jeolla Information - Online Prescription Medication Directory
		In 1896, Jeonju and northern Namwon Districts were merged to form North Jeolla Province, and Naju, Jeju, and southern Namwon Districts were merged to form South Jeolla Province.
		The Donghak Rebellion of 1894-95 began in Jeolla province, which was a peasant revolt fueled by the fervor of a coming local "messiah" (the Donghak Movement centering around the religious figure of Gang Il-Sun) and protests over Seoul's high taxes on rice.
		It was this event which caused Korea to ask China for military assistance, after which the Japanese invaded Korea, presumably out of fear of Chinese ownership of the peninsula.
	www.prescriptiondrug-info.com /drug_information_online.asp?title=Jeolla (434 words)

	Welcome To Korea Now !!!-Society & The Arts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Historical events like Kim Ok-gyun's palace coup d'etat of 1884 and the Donghak Revolt of 1895 are incorporated - sometimes awkwardly - into the story.
		In these circumstances, it is not difficult to imagine the cause of Jang's rage as the sorrow of a man left out by the sweep of history.
		Just as Kim Ok-gyun's attempt to overthrow the government sputters after three days and the farmers of the Donghak Revolt spill their blood in the fields, Jang, too, cannot wax fully.
	kn.koreaherald.co.kr /SITE/data/html_dir/2002/06/07/200206070033.asp (661 words)

	Invil - Theme Sightseeing
		Although “Kabo Donghak Agricultural Revolution” that had started from an uprising of the peasants in Gobu in January of 1894 failed with thousands of victims, it is considered as an uprising that had shaped the modern history of Korea.
		The revolution was also the biggest resistance of the mass in Korean history that had tried to abolish the feudal system and to fight against the foreign invasion.
		It is used to heighten the spirit and understanding of Donghak Agricultural Revolution.
	www.invil.org /english/tourism/themeTour/museum/contents.jsp?con_no=371566&page_no=1 (336 words)

	Enjoy Jeongeup Tour
		According to the village seniors, first it was moved from the neighboring village, Yangyori(Yangandari).
		After the revolt in January of Gaponyun(甲午年 1894), a temporary official, Yongtae Lee came and burnt down the houses of people who were called the followers of Donghak, and at this time, the house of Bongjoon Jeon was also burnt to the ground.
		There has been some theories, however, according to Sangryangmoon, a document found during the repair in 1974, it was built on Feb. 26 in the year of Tiger, the 15th year of Gojong (1878), which means that perhaps he might have lived in the same dilapidated house after repairing.
	culture.jeongeup.go.kr /eng/tour/to_2sub02_4.html?menucode=2 (619 words)

	Jeonju (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Jeonju gained its reputation as a "royal city" when the founding father of the Yi Dynasty, General Yi Songeh, attained a massive victory in 1302 against Japanese invading forces.
		In 1894, the town was ocuppied by Donghak peasants' rebellion.
		Jeonju was given a metropolitan status in 1935, and the city was founded in 1949.
	jeonju.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (297 words)

	Korean History:: A Bibliography :::::: [LATE 19TH CENTURY THRU 1945 - Tonghak/Ch'ondogyo
		“Donghak Movement for the Oppressed.” Tonghak yongu 9-10 (2001:9): 275-293.
		“Donghak and Donghak Movement.” Tonghak yongu 11 (2002): 242-258.
		“The Donghak Movement for the Rural People.” Tonghak yongu 12 (2002): 121-136.
	www.hawaii.edu /korea/bibliography/late_19thC_thru_1945-tonghakchondogyo.htm (1080 words)

	Thema list
		The Donghak Farmers' Army defeated the official army here in May 1894 and celebrated the victory.
		It was built in 1878(king Gojong 15th year)and general Jeon Bongjun who led the Donghak Farmers' Revolution lived
		The governor Lee Yongtae at that time burned all the houses of Donghak believers but this house survived the burning and later was reconstructed in 1974.
	www.gojb.net /thema/EsThemaAreaList05_0101_e.jsp?p_LangCode=ENG (354 words)

	YONHAP NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		1860 -- Choi Je-u establishes Donghak (eastern studies), an indigenous religion that integrated ideas of Christianity, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and promoted humanitarian values.
		It also developed into a movement of farmers against the feudal system and corrupt bureaucrats of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).
		Donghak opposed the intrusion of Western culture and
	english.yna.co.kr /Engnews/20050404/590000000020050404144300E6.html (332 words)

	Australian Information from Wikipedia
		Empress Myeongseong may have been instrumental in having Emperor Gojong take charge of the state, removing the Daewon-gun from power.
		1894 and 1895 saw the advent of the Donghak Rebellion in Korea.
		This uprising, fueled by religious fervor of a Buddhist/Taoist "messiah" amongst them (the syncretic religion of Jeung San Do based on the teachings of Gang Il-Sun) and anger at the government for high taxes on rice, began in the northern part of Jeolla province in southwest Korea and spread to central Korea.
	www.thinkingaustralia.com /thinking_australia/wikipedia/default.php?title=Korea_under_Japanese_rule (6328 words)

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