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	Athletes' unbeatable foe - Los Angeles Times
		A 17-year-old Italian swimmer treating a foot infection with an antibiotic cream her mother bought over the counter failed a doping test at a swim meet in 2004.
		If that is also positive, the code allows the agency to declare the athlete in violation of doping rules and impose a penalty ranging from a public warning to a lifetime ban.
		An accused athlete's only recourse in the face of a doping charge is arbitration, under rules of evidence dictated by WADA and designed to give the authorities the benefit of all doubt.
	www.latimes.com /sports/la-sp-doping10dec10,0,3629667.story?coll=la-home-headlines (0 words)

	New tool to catch sports cheats: Gene-doping test - USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gene doping had been considered a potentially perfect crime, undetectable by the usual methods because the technique uses a person's own body to create the changes at a cellular level.
		The news that scientists have found a way to detect gene doping is the rare case in which a test is being developed before an actual offense has occurred: So far, there is no evidence of the existence of gene-doping labs.
		Overriding otherwise healthy normal genetics with a gene transfer to improve strength or endurance is the basis of enhancement gene therapy, or in the case of athletes, gene doping.
	www.usatoday.com /sports/2006-12-05-gene-doping-test_x.htm (998 words)

	The doping of everyday life - The Boston Globe
		Today's sports doping crisis can thus be understood as a kind of unofficial referendum on how our society feels about performance enhancements that promise tangible benefits to individuals and the larger society.
		The doping conundrum that has raised disturbing questions about both athletic and non-athletic performances is as old as the production of effective pharmaceuticals.
		In fact, the educators of that time did not even recognize the academic doping that was going on under their noses.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/08/21/the_doping_of_everyday_life (759 words)

	Blood doping
		One way to look at the problem is to gripe about "tainted athletes." On the positive side, the rise of doping is a sign of progress.
		Unable to measure EPO itself, the mandarins of international cycling at Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) rely on a surrogate test that measures the density of cells in the blood.
		Whether Pantani, whose trademark is breaking away from the pack on a hill, is telling the truth or not, it's true that detecting EPO is tricky, since training at high altitude also increases the number of red blood cells.
	whyfiles.org /090doping_sport/3.html (0 words)

	Top 10 Doping Scandals \| CBC Sports Online
		The celebrations for Floyd Landis were brief after news of a positive doping test surfaced just for days after the American cyclist won the 2006 Tour de France.
		Some say cycling nearly died after the 1998 doping scandal in which French officials caught an employee of the Festina cycling team with a carload of performance-enhancing drugs, including erythropoietin (EPO) – a hormone that helps the blood carry more oxygen, letting people ride longer and faster.
		Doping allegations also plagued the first post-Armstrong from beginning to end.
	www.cbc.ca /sports/photoessay/top10-doping/index.html (544 words)

	Doping in Denmark
		The grey area surrounding the definition of doping is illustrated by drawing attention to various effects on the blood’s oxygen content and by three substance examples: caffeine, salbutamol and creatine, as well as intravenous injection compared with oral intake of liquids and nourishment.
		Doping substances are then distributed by middlemen and among athletes in certain sports environs, similar in style to trade in narcotics.
		Doping is highlighted as a possible agent capable of breaking a pattern of poor performance or for speedy rehabilitation after and treatment of injury, but also as a more arbitrary and perhaps suddenly presented opportunity.
	www.kum.dk /sw4460.asp (4146 words)

	Doping and sports
		Sports officials thus finds themselves in a contradictory situation: they ban doping and base their authority on this prohibition, but at the same time, when doping cases occur and persons are sanctioned, they express surprise, doubt, and minimize the issue.
		Several doping substances used by athletes are considered by psychiatrists as addictive, leading to drug abuse and dependence, and their psychological effects and impact on behaviour have been described in the context of the study of dysfunctions linked to drug use (cf.
		Doping is also linked to a lack of objective information concerning the risks involved in the use of the most recent substances.
	www.cnrs.fr /cw/en/pres/compress/dopage/dopage2.html (6837 words)

	AIMS - Doping (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Doping is one form of cheating, and possibly the most difficult form of it to detect.
		If dope testing is to be administered at a race, a doping control station should be provided which ensures the runner's privacy when providing a sample.
		Doping control officers should bear photographic identification, and blood collection officials should additionally carry evidence of their qualification in the collection of blood samples.
	www.aims-association.org /doping.htm (2651 words)

	Blood Doping and Erythropoietin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In addition to providing more red cells, blood doping may elevate the athlete's blood volume a little, which as an added benefit could improve the output and efficiency of the heart.
		In the laboratory, blood doping has improved the time it takes an athlete to run to exhaustion on a treadmill.
		Blood doping is considered unethical and banned by the International Olympic Committee, United States Olympic Committee and other sports organizations.
	www.hhp.ufl.edu /faculty/pbird/keepingfit/ARTICLE/doping&EPO.HTM (522 words)

	Tour de France 2007: Doping Archives
		Petacchi hopes to present his therapeutic use exemption for the asthma medication salbutamol and be cleared to race in the Tour de France, after one of his 5 doping tests from the Giro d'Italia came back with a salbutamol level of 1320 nanograms/milliliter.
		Facing a likely DNA test to confirm or deny his involvement with the doping ring, Basso looks likely to be suspended from all racing for 2 years, and from ProTour teams for an additional 2 years.
		Floyd Landis, facing doping hearings from both the US Anti-Doping Agency and the French equivalent, AFLD, traded a promise not to race in France this year for a 4-month delay in the French hearing.
	www.tdfblog.com /doping/index.html (7243 words)

	Amazon.com: Doping: Video
		Your search "Doping" did not match any products in: Video
		From Lance to Landis: Inside the American Doping Controversy at the Tour de France - Hardcover (Jun 26, 2007) by David Walsh
		Doping and Doping Control in Europe: Performance Enhancing Drugs, Elite Sports and Leisure Time Sport in Denmark, Great Britain, East and West Germany, Poland, France, Italy - Paperback (Feb 24, 2007) by Giselher Spitzer
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Doping&index=vhs&page=1 (0 words)

	Ethics or Chaos: Tour organizers declare war on doping
		Speaking after the route presentation, Clerc said Lance Armstrong was largely left out of the 2005 highlights video because of the ongoing investigation regarding his allegedly positive EPO samples from the 1999 Tour.
		"Until we know the results of the doping investigation we should not take a position one way or the other," Clerc said, declining to answer what options exist were the investigation to conclude that Armstrong had cheated.
		Clerc argued that progress has been made against doping in the last decade, but said sport officials must not be naïve or turn a blind eye: "If you want to fight an enemy, first you have to face him."
	www.velonews.com /race/int/articles/9088.0.html (506 words)

	Anti Doping
		A number of incidents in recent years have suggested that the problem of doping has spread to new groups of users in society and therefore is no longer an internal problem for sport.
		It is also necessary for the understanding of side effects and health risks associated with doping and for the development of proper strategies to combat doping.
		On the initiative of the International Olympic Committee, a World Conference on Doping in Sport was organised in February 1999, which led to the formation of the World Anti-Doping Agency to which all members of the sports movement as well as governments are party and represented.
	www.antidopingeducation.org /ViewSubContent.asp?prmCategoryId=6 (380 words)

	Blood Doping in Sports \| Enhancing Performance \| Athletes Cheating \| Side Effects (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Blood doping is a method of increasing the number of red blood cells in the body which in turn carry more oxygen to the muscles.
		The most common type of blood doping chemical used is called EPO - which is used to treat patients who have kidney disease.
		Athletes who use blood doping to increase their performance will have a higher red blood cell density.
	www.kidzworld.com /article/1832-blood-doping-in-sports-athletes-cheating (350 words)

	ANTI-DOPING
		The use, possession and/or trafficking of banned substances, methods, or the encouragement or counselling to use banned substances, or methods; and/or taking measures to mask the use of banned substances, or methods by any participant in competitions over which the WSF has jurisdiction is unacceptable and will not be tolerated.
		The WSF Policy on Doping is motivated by a desire for fair and equal competition among athletes and by concern for the health of athletes participating in such competition.
		All athletes are subject to doping controls (urine analyses, blood tests and other authorised techniques for detecting prohibited substances or methods.
	www.worldsquash.org /antidoping.html (444 words)

	Council of Europe - ETS no. 135 - Anti-Doping Convention
		Until such time as a list of banned pharmacological classes of doping agents and doping methods is approved by the monitoring group under the terms of Article 11.1.b, the reference list in the appendix to this Convention shall apply.
		Parties reserve the right to adopt anti-doping regulations and to organise doping controls on their own initiative and on their own responsibility, provided that they are compatible with the relevant principles of this Convention.
		undertake appropriate programmes of research and development into doping agents and methods used, or thought to be used, for the purposes of doping in sport and into analytical biochemistry and pharmacology with a view to obtaining a better understanding of the effects of various substances upon the human body and their consequences for athletic performance;
	conventions.coe.int /Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/135.htm (2890 words)

	USA Swimming - Doping Control
		Doping Control is an important area in the sport of swimming.
		Doping Control rules are in place for all athletes; individuals attending major competitions are subject to drug testing regardless of whether or not they are a National Team member, an Olympian, or a first place finisher.
		Doping Control rules can be confusing for athletes, coaches and parents and it is critical that any questions/concerns be clarified; costly mistakes can be made that not only count against the athlete, but count against all of USA Swimming.
	www.usaswimming.org /USASWeb/DesktopDefault.aspx?TabId=63&Alias=Rainbow&Lang=en (379 words)

	Bipolar doping
		Controlled doping of conventional inorganic semiconductors is one of the key technologies contributing to the advance of electronic and optoelectronic devices.
		Doping can also reduce the high contact resistance in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), and may eventually lead to realization of organic electronic devices, such as bipolar transistors and tunnel diodes, in analogy to inorganic semiconductor devices.
		The bipolar doping effect can also be demonstrated through the conductivity increase of the BTQBT and PTCDA films upon doping of the other material, as shown in the figure to the right.
	www.princeton.edu /~jxue/research/doping/doping.html (515 words)

	Tags - Doping - Instablogs Community
		Doping has become a major headache in the sports world with more athletes, giving caution to wind, are getting involved in scandals that rock the very foundations of their respective sports.
		Doping is one of the burning issues for quite a time that has been more in news than the sporting events.
		Floyd Landis is the most controversial tour de France winner He is accused of doping chargesThe American had tested positive for unusual levels of testosterone after he won the stage 17 of this year's Tour de France He is not the first American...
	www.instablogs.com /tags/doping (1139 words)

	ANTI-DOPING
		The use, possession and/or trafficking of banned substances, methods, or the encouragement or counselling to use banned substances, or methods; and/or taking measures to mask the use of banned substances, or methods by any participant in competitions over which the WSF has jurisdiction is unacceptable and will not be tolerated.
		The WSF Policy on Doping is motivated by a desire for fair and equal competition among athletes and by concern for the health of athletes participating in such competition.
		All athletes are subject to doping controls (urine analyses, blood tests and other authorised techniques for detecting prohibited substances or methods.
	www.worldsquash.co.uk /antidoping.html (444 words)

	[No title]
		IPC Anti-Doping Code (January 2004) to prevent in the spirit of fair play, doping in sport for athletes with a disability and in conformity with the general principles of the World Anti-doping code (WADC).
		Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in the IPC Anti-Doping Code and includes:
		Although a few doping tests were performed at the wheelchair component of the 1984 Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville, England, the first formal testing program at the Paralympic Games was in Seoul in 1988.
	www.paralympic.org /release/Main_Sections_Menu/Anti_Doping (679 words)

	Doping Buckyballs With Atoms, One at a Time
		"Doping materials is a fundamental component of the entire modern electronics industry," Crommie says, referring to the process of adding impurities like phosphorus or boron to semiconductors like silicon to give the doped material an excess of negatively charged electrons or positively charged holes.
		Doping bulk materials is well understood, says Crommie, "but we need to take these techniques and scale them all the way down to the single-molecule level."
		Crommie and his colleagues extended the process to the atomic level by depositing widely separated C60 molecules and potassium atoms on the surface of a silver crystal polished to virtually perfect flatness.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/MSD-doping-buckyballs.html (847 words)

	YouTube - doping
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		Wisła Kraków - Derby 2006 jesień doping, ultra, hool's
		Oprawa i doping na Łazienkowskiej (Legia 2-1 ŁKS)
	youtube.com /?v=N_7_cRN95Kc (79 words)

	Gene Doping: Science News Online, Oct. 30, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The products of gene doping would be proteins similar, if not identical, to the body's versions and would therefore be less detectable in an athlete than are performance-enhancing drugs such as steroids and insulin.
		The roots of gene doping lie in gene therapy, the decades-old idea of inserting genes into the body's cells to correct genetic flaws that cause diseases such as juvenile diabetes, hemophilia, and cystic fibrosis.
		Although the scientists aren't sure why the doped EPO is different, they suspect that cells in various tissues might not make the same modifications to the protein after it is produced.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20041030/bob9.asp (2123 words)

	Blood doping
		One way to look at the problem is to gripe about "tainted athletes." On the positive side, the rise of doping is a sign of progress.
		Unable to measure EPO itself, the mandarins of international cycling at Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) rely on a surrogate test that measures the density of cells in the blood.
		Whether Pantani, whose trademark is breaking away from the pack on a hill, is telling the truth or not, it's true that detecting EPO is tricky, since training at high altitude also increases the number of red blood cells.
	www.whyfiles.org /090doping_sport/3.html (767 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > Sports -- Doping scandal strips Tour de France of its favorites
		The decision to bar Ullrich, Basso and others implicated in a doping probe in Spain also sent a strong signal that cheating, or even suspicions of cheating, will not be tolerated.
		It is the biggest doping crisis to the hit the sport since the Festina scandal in 1998 nearly derailed the Tour.
		Nevertheless, Tour organizers pushed for their exclusion and teams agreed, in keeping with their ethical charter that allows riders to be barred from racing while they are under investigation for doping.
	www.signonsandiego.com /sports/20060630-1010-cyc-tourdefrance-doping.html (973 words)

	Doping - Monografias.com
		El doping es un ejemplo de los numerosos intentos que a través de la historia el hombre ha realizado para mejorar artificialmente su propia resistencia a la fatiga al participar en la guerra, en la caza y en el deporte, mezclando para ello frecuentemente la terapia con la magia y la brujería.
		La aparición y extensión del doping se debe en gran parte a factores externos a la misma esencia del deporte como el abuso de fármacos que se da en la actualidad y a la presión que ejerce la sociedad sobre el deportista al que le exige una superación continua de su rendimiento deportivo.
		Por tratarse un problema inherente, al doping es problema social, cuya solución supone la aplicación de estrategias y acciones.
	www.monografias.com /trabajos12/eldoping/eldoping.shtml (5544 words)

	DOPING - Ing. Petr Šanca - Company
		The customers of the company "DOPING" are regional, municipal and local authorities, road planning and designing companies, urban and region development companies and other companies related to traffic.
		The main partner of the company "DOPING" is "the Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic".
		The company "DOPING" is "the Road and Motorway Directorate"´s official administrator of individual transport models for Moravian-silesian and Zlin regions.
	www.doping.cz /en/company.html (236 words)

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