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Topic: Doppler ultrasound

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	Obstetric ultrasound -- a comprehensive guide to ultrasound scans in pregnancy
		Further developments in doppler ultrasound technology in recent years have enabled a great expansion in its application in Obstetrics, particularly in the area of assessing and monitoring the well-being of the fetus, its progression in the face of intrauterine growth restriction, and the diagnosis of cardiac malformations.
		Doppler ultrasound is presently most widely employed in the detection of fetal cardiac pulsations and pulsations in the various fetal blood vessels.
		Color doppler is particularly indispensible in the diagnosis of fetal cardiac and blood vessel defects, and in the assessment of the hemodynamic responses to fetal hypoxia and anemia.
	www.ob-ultrasound.net (3712 words)

	Fetal Ultrasound Doppler Dictionary of Terms \| Fetal Doppler Facts.org
		Doppler ultrasound can be used to listen to the fetal heart beat, examine the fetal heart for defects, and estimate placental blood flow.
		Ultrasound gel use is integral on cutting down on much of the static produced when positioning the fetal dopplers trasducer during an exam.
		Ultrasound gel is specially formulated to act as a coupling agent and reduce static that is often caused when using a fetal doppler.
	www.fetaldopplerfacts.org /tools/dictionary.php (2427 words)

	doppler applications
		The Doppler signal is processed by a Fourier spectrum analyser, which performs a Fourier transform on the Doppler signal at intervals of approximately 10 ms.
		The incorporation of pulsed Doppler and B-mode imaging into one instrument allows the position of the Doppler sample volume to be known and enables the measurement of the Doppler angle as is shown in Figure 1.
		Doppler waveform analysis is often used as a diagnostic tool in the clinical assessment of disease.
	www.ob-ultrasound.net /doppler_a.html (1748 words)

	DOPPLER
		The Doppler shift is dependent on the insonating frequency, the velocity of moving blood, and the angle between the sound beam and direction of moving blood, as expressed in the Doppler equation (Fig 10):
		Aliasing at color Doppler US may manifest as a mixture of colors or as a focus of color in the vessel corresponding to a continuum of colors folded over from the normal flow in the opposite direction within the vessel (Fig 15).
		The principal Doppler criterion for the diagnosis of a lower-extremity arterial stenosis is therefore based on detection of a focal increase in peak systolic velocity (PSV) with pulsed Doppler (Fig 20).
	ej.rsna.org /ej3/0079-98.fin/doppler.htm (1703 words)

	Vascular Ultrasound
		Ultrasound imaging, also called ultrasound scanning or sonography, involves exposing part of the body to high-frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body.
		Doppler ultrasound is a special ultrasound technique that evaluates blood as it flows through a blood vessel, including the body's major arteries and veins in the abdomen, arms, legs and neck.
		Ultrasound scanners consist of a console containing a computer and electronics, a video display screen and a transducer that is used to scan the body.
	www.radiologyinfo.org /en/info.cfm?pg=vascularus (1314 words)

	Pregnancy week by week - pregnancy calendar - pregnancy stages trimesters - parenting websites - mum dad baby maternity ...
		Ultrasound waves that create images for visual examination are intermittently 'pulsed' to reduce the heating of the body's tissues (unlike continuous ultrasound therapies that may be used to treat injured muscles and tissues).
		Ultrasound does not use radiation (like x-rays) and is seen by many caregivers as a non-invasive way to view the unborn baby, uterus and placenta during pregnancy.
		A vaginal ultrasound (or 'trans-vaginal' ultrasound) is where a sterilised ultrasound probe is gently placed inside the woman's vagina (but outside her cervix), covered by a plastic sheath, similar to a condom.
	www.birth.com.au /class.asp?class=6610&page=1 (1285 words)

	Patient Information - Doppler Exam
		Doppler ultrasound is a special form of ultrasound commonly used to evaluate blood flow.
		With this type of Doppler ultrasound, it is possible to see the structures inside the body (2D) and evaluate blood flow (pulsed wave) within those structures at the same time.
		Doppler ultrasound also is used to evaluate blood flow in your legs and may be helpful in identifying blockages in your arteries and clots in your veins.
	www.aium.org /patient/aboutExam/doppler.asp (1048 words)

	Ultrasound & Doppler in High Risk Pregnancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The umbilical artery Doppler velocity waveform is determined primarily by cardiac contractility upstream and by placental impedance downstream.
		The use of Doppler in pregnancies complicated by hypertension or presumed impaired fetal growth was associated with a trend in reduction of perinatal deaths.
		Doppler aids in the efficient and accurate performance of Doppler spectral sampling and contributes to the evaluation of structural and functional abnormalities of the fetus, umbilical cord, and placenta.
	www.sharjah.ac.ae /dic/abstract/mani/Obdo.htm (3838 words)

	Carotid Ultrasound \| Internet Stroke Center
		arotid ultrasound is a test that shows the carotid arteries (vessels in the neck that provide blood flow to the brain), as well as how much blood flows and how fast it travels through them.
		Ultrasound waves -- the same ones used in imaging the fetus in a pregnant woman -- are used to make an image of the arteries.
		A carotid ultrasound usually only takes 15 to 30 minutes to complete and the results are immediately known by your doctor.
	www.strokecenter.org /pat/diagnosis/ultrasound.htm (456 words)

	Ultrasound
		Abdominal Ultrasound examinations may be ordered for the patient with abdominal pain, abnormal laboratory tests, follow up to other types of imaging tests, evaluation of the aorta for aneurysm, or a variety of other symptoms and indications.
		A brief, conventional pelvic ultrasound exam is performed prior to an endovaginal exam to evaluate the entire pelvis and adnexa, therefore patients should follow the same prep required for a conventional pelvic ultrasound exam.
		Scrotum: Ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound are used in assessing a painful testicle or in the case of a testicular mass.
	www.wakeradiology.com /Specialties/Ultrasound/tabid/44/Default.aspx (1247 words)

	Doppler ultrasound: principles and practice
		Doppler ultrasound measures the movement of the scatterers through the beam as a phase change in the received signal.
		This is of the utmost importance in the use of Doppler ultrasound.
		Doppler signals are obtained from all vessels in the path of the ultrasound beam (until the ultrasound beam becomes sufficiently attenuated due to depth).
	www.centrus.com.br /DiplomaFMF/SeriesFMF/doppler/capitulos-html/chapter_01.htm (3712 words)

	Duplex/doppler ultrasound exam of extremity
		This test examines the blood flow in the major arteries and veins in the arms and legs with the use of ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves).
		The test combines Doppler ultrasonography, which uses audio measurements to "hear" and measure the blood flow and duplex ultrasonography, which provides a visual image.
		The arteries have normal systolic and diastolic components on the ultrasound, which correspond to the beating and resting of the heart.
	www.healthtalk.com /lymphoma/encyclopedia/?p=1/003433.htm (561 words)

	Basic ultrasound, echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound
		Ultrasound is generated by piezoelectric crystals that vibrates when compressed and decompressed by an alternating current applied across the crystal, the same crystals can act as receivers of reflected ultrasound, the vibrations induced by the ultrasound pulse.
		However, Doppler did a theoretical derivation of the effect of the motion of the source or observer on the perceived wavelength from the premises of a constant propagation velocity of the waves in the medium, and this is entirely correct, valid both for sound waves and electromagnetic radiation of all kinds.
		The basis for the Doppler effect is that the propagation velocity of the waves in a medium is constant, so the waves propagates with the same velocity in all directions, and thus there is no addition of the velocity of the waves and the velocity of the source.
	folk.ntnu.no /stoylen/strainrate/Ultrasound (5262 words)

	Doppler Ultrasound - Good Health by SETON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A Doppler ultrasound test uses reflected sound waves to evaluate blood as it flows through a blood vessel.
		A transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) may be used in children with sickle cell disease to evaluate their risk of stroke.
		Because Doppler ultrasound requires a person to hold very still, some children may need to be sedated so that their movements do not interfere with the results.
	www.goodhealth.com /health_a_to_z/health_library/medical_test/doppler_ultrasound (1985 words)

	Doppler ultrasound: What is it used for? - MayoClinic.com
		A Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be used to evaluate blood flow and pressure by bouncing high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) off red blood cells.
		The Doppler effect is a change in the frequency of sound waves reflected by a moving object.
		A Doppler ultrasound can estimate how fast blood flows by measuring the rate of change in its pitch (frequency).
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/doppler-ultrasound/AN00511 (248 words)

	Nicolet Vascular - Obstetric Doppler Ultrasound
		The Doppler itself may have some background noise, static, popping etc. When the Doppler probe is moved on the abdomen, louder popping noises may result.
		When the ultrasound waves reflect off moving objects such as the fetal heart or red blood cells, the waves are altered slightly in frequency.
		Doppler, therefore is merely one part of a series of tests your caregiver might utilize.
	www.nicoletvascular.com /ebaby.htm (729 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Doppler Ultrasound Scanning
		Doppler Ultrasound Scanning is used to measure the velocity of blood flow.
		Doppler ultrasound can be used to listen to the foetal heart beat, examine the foetal heart for defects, and estimate placental blood flow.
		Other types of ultrasound scanning that are used in pregnancy and to help diagnose certain gynaecological problems include pregnancy ultrasound (pelvic ultrasound scanning or sonography), and a transvaginal ultrasound (endovaginal ultrasound or ultrasonography).
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/common_procedures/doppler_ultrasound.html (186 words)

	eMedicine - Carotid Ultrasound : Article by Brian Silver, MD
		The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or wavelength due to motion of the wave source, receiver, or reflector of a wave source (see Image 2).
		Shadowing: A strong reflector (eg, calcified plaque) reduces the quantity of ultrasound that is intended to pass beyond it; the object behind the reflector is "shadowed”; in the case of a plaque, the artifact proves to be helpful in identifying it.
		Doppler shift: A moving reflector produces a shift in the frequency of the incoming wave.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic47.htm (2816 words)

	Ultrasound and Doppler
		Doppler Echocardiography is the evaluation of haemodynamics of heart.
		In adults skull bones prevent passage of ultrasound beam and Ultrasound of brain is not possible in older children and adults.
		Chest ultrasound can image the structures which are not air filled and when there in no air filled structure between it and the ultrasound probe.
	naveenballal.tripod.com /id3.html (1225 words)

	Howstuffworks "Echo and Doppler Shift"
		Doppler shift occurs when sound is generated by, or reflected off of, a moving object.
		Doppler shift: The person behind the car hears a lower tone than the driver because the car is moving away.
		The wake forms a V shape, and the angle of the V is controlled by the speed of the boat.
	science.howstuffworks.com /radar1.htm (891 words)

	Doppler ultrasound predicts risk of miscarriage
		CHICAGO — Doppler ultrasound performed in early pregnancy can accurately identify embryonic congestive heart failure and subsequent risk of miscarriage, according to research being presented today at the 89th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).
		Using high-resolution ultrasound imaging and highly sensitive Doppler, Dr. Birnholz was able, for the first time, to identify congestive heart failure in embryos.
		With the new Doppler technology, embryonic congestive heart failure is easily identified and, according to the study results, can be implicated in 40 percent of miscarriages.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-12/rson-dup112403.php (419 words)

	VascularWeb: Duplex Ultrasound
		Doppler ultrasound produces two-dimensional color images that show if blood flow is affected by problems in the blood vessels, such as cholesterol deposits.
		The conventional ultrasound shows the structure of your blood vessels and Doppler ultrasound shows the movement of your red blood cells through the vessels.
		Duplex ultrasound produces images that can be color coded to show physicians where your blood flow is severely blocked as well as the speed and direction of blood flow.
	www.vascularweb.org /_CONTRIBUTION_PAGES/Patient_Information/NorthPoint/Duplex_Ultrasound.html (575 words)

	Intracoronary Doppler Ultrasound
		Intracoronary Doppler ultrasonography may be considered medically necessary as an integral component of either an angiogram or PTCA to either determine the clinical significance of an intermediate stenosis, or to determine the target lesion for revascularization in a patient with multiple lesions.
		The advantage of intracoronary Doppler ultrasound is that the clinical significance of an intermediate stenosis can be assessed at the time of angiography, instead of deferring treatment until a post-angiogram cardiac functional test is performed.
		Therefore, the use of intracoronary Doppler ultrasound and a post-angiogram functional cardiac test is not routinely warranted.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/radiology/rad28.html (1129 words)

	Ultrasound Doppler
		Ultrasound doppler machines have many practical uses in today's busy medical offices.
		Highly accurate diagnostic tools for a variety of problems and conditions, ultrasound doppler machines also allow doctors and parents to see a baby before it is born.
		Whether you have an obstetrics practice or are in a different field such as sports medicine, it is likely that an ultrasound doppler machine would benefit your practice.
	www.theultrasoundtrader.com /ultrasound-doppler.cfm (241 words)

	Ultrasound
		Featuring more than 2,400 illustrations, including full-color scans, the book covers ultrasound of all anatomic regions, as well as obstetric, gynecologic, and pediatric ultrasound, Doppler, endoscopic ultrasound, ultrasound-guided invasive procedures, intraoperative ultrasound, three-dimensional ultrasound, and newer adaptations of ultrasound.
		With exceptional clarity and authority, the book describes and illustrates the use of Doppler ultrasound in ovarian and endometrial cancer, pelvic pain, benign and malignant adnexal masses, myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma, the normal endometrium and benign endometrium disorders, normal pelvic blood flow, uterine sarcoma, and uterine myomas.
		Ultrasound review for students preparing for the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Examination and for residents preparing for the American Board of Radiology Examination.
	www.listen-up.org /r_books/ultrasound.htm (844 words)

	Dynamic Doppler, fetal heart rate monitor - FAQs
		The FDA regulates Ultrasound Doppler's, and has regulated them to be safe for continual use.
		To further insure the safety and integrity of Ultrasound Doppler's the FDA requires your caregivers approval prior to in-home use.
		The FDA regulates ultrasound Doppler's to be safe for continuous use.
	www.dynamicdoppler.com /faqs.htm (661 words)

	Duplex/doppler ultrasound exam of extremity
		This test examines the blood flow in the major arteries and veins in the arms and legs with the use of ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves).
		The test combines Doppler ultrasonography, which uses audio measurements to "hear" and measure the blood flow and duplex ultrasonography, which provides a visual image.
		The arteries have normal systolic and diastolic components on the ultrasound, which correspond to the beating and resting of the heart.
	www.pennhealth.com /ency/article/003433.htm (584 words)

	Doppler ultrasound definition - Heart Disease and other cardiovascular conditions on MedicineNet.com
		Doppler ultrasound depends on the Doppler effect, a change in the frequency of a wave resulting here from the motion of a reflector, the red blood cell.
		Color Doppler depicts blood flow in a region and is used as a guide for the placement of the pulsed Doppler gate for more detailed analysis at a particular site.
		Color Doppler ultrasound is done first to evaluate vessels rapidly for abnormalities and to guide placement of the pulsed Doppler to gain sample volume for detailed analysis of velocities.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=18180 (495 words)

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