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	Dorothy Clutterbuck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Clutterbuck was born in India, the daughter of an army captain.
		Ronald Hutton, in The Triumph of the Moon, examines the historical data on Dorothy Clutterbuck, and concludes that she is unlikely to have been involved with Gardner's Craft activities.
		It is possible that Clutterbuck combined an interest in pagan and occult ideas with an aspiration to preserve local folk beliefs, believed to have survived from ancient pagan faiths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dorothy_Clutterbuck (449 words)

	Info and facts on 'Dorothy Clutterbuck' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Dorothy Clutterbuck (January 19, 1880–January 12, 1951), also known as "Old Dorothy," was a well-to-do woman who lived near Christchurch (Industrial city at the center of a rich agricultural region), England (A division of the United Kingdom), whom Gerald Gardner (additional info and facts about Gerald Gardner) claimed had initiated him into witchcraft.
		Clutterbuck was born in India (A republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947), the daughter of an army captain.
		It is possible that Clutterbuck combined an interest in pagan (A person who does not acknowledge your God) and occult (Occult practices and techniques) ideas with an aspiration to preserve local folk beliefs, believed to have survived from ancient pagan faiths.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/do/dorothy_clutterbuck.htm (521 words)

	Encyclopedia: Dorothy Clutterbuck
		The word occult comes from Latin occultus (hidden), referring to the knowledge of the secret or knowledge of the hidden and often meaning knowledge of the supernatural, as opposed to knowledge of the visible or knowledge of the measurable, usually referred to as science.
		Dorothy Clutterbuck, also "Old Dorothy," (possibly 1880-1951) was a well-to-do woman who lived near Christchurch, England, whom Gerald Gardner claimed had initiated him into witchcraft.
		Dorothy Clutterbuck, also "Old Dorothy", (possibly 1880-1951) was a well-to-do woman who lived near Christchurch, England, whom Gerald Gardner claimed to have been initiated into witchcraft by.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Dorothy-Clutterbuck (1208 words)

	Old Dorothy Clutterbuck
		Little was known about Clutterbuck for many years, prompting some outside observers to speculate that she had never existed at all but was fabricated by Gardener.
		Clutterbuck was born January 19, 1880, in Bengal, to Thomas St. Quintin Clutterbuck, a captain (later major) in the Indian Local Forces, and Ellen Anne Clutterbuck.
		She was considered "a lady of note in the district" and had a large house, and a pearl necklace valued at 5,000 pounds, which she liked to wear often.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/LadyE/pages/oldot.html (336 words)

	Dorothy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Dorothy ("Dottie" or "Dot") Parker (born Dorothy Rothschild) (August 22, 1893 – June 7, 1967) was an American writer and poet best known for her caustic wit, wisecracks, and sharp eye for 20th century urban foibles.
		Dorothy Leigh Sayers (Oxford, 13 June 1893 – Witham, 17 December 1957) was a British author, translator, student of classical and modern languages, and Christian humanist.
		Dorothy L. Sayers (and she always insisted on that "L.") is perhaps best known for her Lord Peter Wimsey mysteries, a series of novels and short stories featuring an English aristocrat who is an amateur sleuth.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/64/dorothy.html (1847 words)

	Dorothy Clutterbuck - TheBestLinks.com - England, Freemasonry, Gerald Gardner, Theosophy, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Dorothy Clutterbuck - TheBestLinks.com - England, Freemasonry, Gerald Gardner, Theosophy,...
		Dorothy Clutterbuck, England, Freemasonry, Gerald Gardner, Theosophy, 1982...
		The endearment "Old" used by Gardner with reference to Dorothy Clutterbuck, and adopted by "Wiccans" (uninitiated "witches"), is viewed by many witches as precious and pretentious.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Dorothy_Clutterbuck.html (251 words)

	Home Circle - Other Names of Note: Dorothy Clutterbuck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Dorothy Clutterbuck ("old Dorothy") is perhaps the most elusive and secretive of the major influences on modern Wicca.
		Dorothy was born in India on January 19, to a commissioned officer of the Royal Service.
		Very little is known about Dorothy's life, except that she moved to the Christchurch area sometime between 1908 and 1910, owned property in Highcliffe that was referred to as "the Mill House", and married Rupert Fordham in 1935 at age 55.
	www.homecircle.info /AbnpsDorothy.html (206 words)

	gardner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The fact is that if Dorothy Clutterbuck did not exist then that experience could not have occured.
		Ultimately though, even if Dorothy Clutterbuck did exist, it does not prove that she was either a witch or Gardners initiator.
		His waiting till Old Dorothy died is some evidence for this as after her death she was not in a position to denounce the charges.
	www.geocities.com /brewingbacklash/gardner.html (1322 words)

	Modern Witchcraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Since she didn't know Dorothy's exact age or when she died precisely, her search started at what was believed to be an approximate date of death.
		Doreen requested the huge volume that listed the details and discovered that Dorothy Clutterbuck was baptised on the 12th of February 1880 at St Paul's Church, Umbala and that she was born on the 19th of January 1880 from Thomas St. Q.
		Clutterbuck was married to Ellen Anne Morgan at Lahore in 1877.
	www.yelmtel.com /~jerryl/dorothy.html (1601 words)

	CAM - Circle of the African Moon - Wiccan Roots: Gerald Gardner and the Modern Witchcraft Revival (Book) Review
		Carefully analyzing the sentence construction of his diaries, Philip Heselton came to the conclusion that Dorothy Clutterbuck actually wasn't present at his initiation.
		The author asks the question whether Old Dorothy was a Witch, someone who let the Witches use her house, or someone who had no connection with the Craft at all but someone whom Gardner implicated for reasons best known to himself.
		There are quotations in Bracelin's book such as "Old Dorothy called up covens right and left", whether she was a High Priestess or not, she was clearly "in charge".
	www.cam.za.net /reviews/books/wiccanroots.html (1073 words)

	Gardnerian Chronology and Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Dorothy Clutterbuck was also a pillar of both the local Conservative party and (by some accounts) the Anglican church.
		It is implied that Dorothy Clutterbuck was in the former group.
		In this talk he mostly discussed the evidence from Dorothy Clutterbuck's "diaries": two books of poetry written by her in 1942 and 1943, one poem per day, and illustrated by beautiful watercolors by her companion Christine Wells, and apparently intended as a sort of "coffee-table book" for visitors to look at.
	www.cyprian.org /Articles/gardchron.htm (8501 words)

	Messages in the Moonlight - The Real History
		In 1939, at the age of 55, Gardner was initiated by Old Dorothy into a coven of the Old Religion that met in the New Forest area of Britain, as he claims.
		She did manage to prove Dorothy Clutterbuck was a real person through Birth and Death Records, but this in no way proved Gardner's claims.
		Old Dorothy may have simply been a woman with some stories about folklore and mythology with a few of her own ideas.
	www.geocities.com /silver_birdy36/truehistory.html (1198 words)

	A Biography of Gerald Brosseau Gardner
		Dorothy Clutterbuck had been born on 19 January 1880 and baptized in St. Paul's Church, Umbala, on 21 February 1880.
		Clutterbuck, Captain in the 14th Sikhs and Ellen Anne Clutterbuck.
		It is a marvellous piece of investigation, but proving that Old Dorothy existed does nothing to support Gardner's claims that she initiated him.
	www.bcholmes.org /wicca/gardner.html (983 words)

	The Wiccan Witch of the East - Old Dorothy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The full text of her essay describing her research and her results can be found in Appendix A of Janet and Stewart Farrars' "A Witches' Bible: The Complete Witches Handbook." I am not going to paraphrase this process here.
		Dorothy Clutterbuck was born on January 19, 1880 in India to Ellen Anne Clutterbuck and Thomas St. Q.
		Dorothy lived near New Forest within the timeframe of Gardner's claims.
	www.witchoftheeast.com /olddorothy.html (434 words)

	The Psy-Center - The clouded roots of Gardner's Wica
		Little is known of how she came to be involved in the Craft, but her involvement and influence is evident in the surving remnants of records that corroborate Gardner's claims in regard to geography and locations.
		It was at the head of this group that "Old Dorothy" Clutterbuck stood as High Priestess and head of the coven.
		Well that tale is even more clouded in the mists of time that of Dorothy Clutterbuck, due in part to an internal struggle between many unnamed Elders of the Craft and the founder of the "Nine Covens", “Old George” Pickingill.
	www.psy-center.com /article172.html (1317 words)

	Old Dorothy Clutterbuck
		Dorothy Clutterbuck is perhaps the most elusive and secretive of the witches to have figured in the rise of the modern era of witchcraft.
		Old Dorothy as she was affectionately known, was the witch who initiated Gerald B. Gardner into the Old Religion during September 1939.
		Dorothy’s death certificate stated that: “Dorothy St Quintin Fordham died at Highcliffe in the registration district of Christchurch on the 12 January 1951, the primary cause of death being “cerebral thrombosis”, a stroke”.
	www.controverscial.com /Old%20Dorothy%20Clutterbuck.htm (1537 words)

	Wicca: Not The Old Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		He claimed that he was initiated as a witch in 1939 by 'Old Dorothy' Clutterbuck.
		Clutterbuck was born in India in 1881 and died in England in 1951.
		She left an estate of 60,000 pounds, which made it reasonable for her to have owned the old large house near the New Forest where Gardner said he was initiated.
	www.mythandmagick.net /oldreligion.html (958 words)

	Religious Movements Homepage: Wicca
		Dorothy Clutterbuck was among those present at that meeting.
		When discussion turned to who would be chosen to lead the order as High Priestess, it was decided that it should be someone who had good relations with the commoners in her acquaintance and who could convince them to share their powerful, albeit vulgar, secret magic.
		Clutterbuck was chosen to lead one of many New Forest covens formed that night.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /nrms/wicca.html (6247 words)

	[No title]
		Dorothy Clutterbuck was a reasonably wealthy woman from near Christchurch in England (although born in India).
		In ‘Wiccan Roots: Gerald Gardner and the Modern Witchcraft Revival”, Philip Heselton discusses Dorothy and suggests that she was at least involved in, or aware of, theosophy, Rosicrucianism, and freemasonry.
		Since an investigation into Old Dorothy leaves us with as many questions as we had initially, we are left to judge this part of Gardner’s story based on his credibility.
	www.wicca.com /celtic/forums/view_topic.php?id=6921&forum_id=1 (2773 words)

	Wendy Zephyr Guide - Second Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Sources usually point to Dorothy Clutterbuck, though Ronald Hutton suggests that the August Matron Dorothy Clutterbuck took her place in Gardner's accounts as a decoy, serving to distract attention from the real source.
		As I tend to be highly sensitive to the Magical resonances of Air, I will note the correspondences of Dorothy of Kansas's last name (Gale) and the storm (a "twister") which accommodated her journey to Oz as well as engineering the demise of the person who sought to murder her mundane familiar (Toto).
		Dorothy's interactions with the Wizard could reflect a prophetic account of Gerald Gardner's bringing esoteric knowledge back into the mundane world.
	www.capjewels.com /gale/zephyr2.html (1300 words)

	Independent, The (London): THE HOME COUNTIES WITCH PROJECT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Gardner claimed that his initiation ceremony took place at the home of Dorothy Clutterbuck, a prominent member of the local Conservative Association (and horticultural association), in the genteel village of Highcliffe, near Christchurch.
		A church-going, pearl-wearing, garden-party-giving pillar of society, Clutterbuck was as unlikely a witch as it was possible to imagine.
		But by the time Gardner first mentioned her in print by name, rather than as "Old Dorothy", it was 1960, and she had been dead for nine years.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000507/ai_n14311595 (1400 words)

	-- Beliefnet.com
		While some would lay claim to Old Dorothy, (Gardner's Dorothy Clutterbuck) truly, our religion began somewhere between 1939 and 1954 when Gerald Gardner began to synthesize what he had learned from the New Forest Witches with what he had learned of High Magick and ritual from the Masonic Order.
		Dorothy was the person Gerald credited with initiating him into Witchcraft, though for a time her existence was in question.
		The religion--if indeed it was a religion, and not a purely a magickal Craft--that Old Dorothy taught to her initiate, Gerald, was the mother of modern Wicca, but it wasn't the same religion.
	www.beliefnet.com /story/102/story_10205_2.html (548 words)

	Roots of the wicca Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Gardner's source of information about Wicca came purportedly from the New Forest coven in England where he was initiated as a witch in 1939 by 'Old Dorothy' Clutterbuck.
		A second criticism is that 'Old Dorothy' Clutterbuck and her New Forest coven never actuality existed, except in Gardner's mind.
		However, Doreen Valiente, who in the 1950s belonged to Gardner's coven (which was not the New Forest coven), located the birth and death certificates of Dorothy Clutterbuck in the early 1980s.
	justmell.tripod.com /avalonsdream/id10.html (2678 words)

	England History
		I chose 1939 as my arbitrary starting point as that was the year that Gerald Gardner claims he was initiated by Old Dorothy into a practising coven of the Old Religion, that met in the New Forest area of Britain.
		Doreen Valiente strongly supports Gardner's claim of traditional initiation, and published the results of her successful attempt to prove the existence of Dorothy Clutterbuck in an appendix to "The Witches' Way" by Janet and Stewart Farrar.
		This, Gardner explained to her, was because the rituals he received from Old Dorothy's coven were very fragmentary, and in order to make them workable, he had to supplement them with other material.
	www.tradwicca.org /englandhistory.html (2859 words)

	Definition of Doreen Valiente - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Valiente also wrote a number of poems for the use of Wiccans.
		Faced with challenges from sceptics Valiente attempted, with some success, to provide evidence for Gardner's claims concerning his intitiation, notably by identifying Dorothy Clutterbuck, the old witch who was supposed to have performed the initiation.
		Valiente broke with Gardner, though never completely, and became the de facto leader of the Wiccan movement after his death.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Doreen_Valiente (256 words)

	Gardnerian Wicca
		Gardnerianism as a distinct Tradition began with the writings of Gerald B. Gardner.
		He was initiated into the New Forest coven in England by "old Dorothy" Clutterbuck.
		During World War II, Gardner participated in the efforts of British Witches, led by Dorothy Clutterbuck, to turn back Germany's invasion troops.
	wizard_demon.tripod.com /gardner.htm (674 words)

	BBC - Southampton - Features - witchcraft today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The existance of Dorothy Clutterbuck has often been disputed.
		Modern witchcraft was revitalised with the publication of a book 'Witchcraft Today' written by a retired civil servant from Christchurch in 1954.
		Gerald Gardner met a local witch, 'old Dorothy Clutterbuck', and joined her coven in the New Forest.
	www0.bbc.co.uk /southampton/features/fireworks/witchcraft.shtml (662 words)

	Wicca - PaganWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Gardner claimed that the religion was a survival of matriarchal religions of pre-historic Europe (see Völva), taught to him by a woman known as "Dafo" or "Old Dorothy" (often assumed to be Dorothy Clutterbuck, although modern researchers such as Philip Heselton have theorized that Dafo and Clutterbuck were two separate individuals).
		Margaret Murray and sources such as Aradia: Gospel of the Witches by Charles Godfrey Leland, and the practices of Freemasonry and ceremonial magic; and while Clutterbuck certainly existed, historian Ronald Hutton concluded that she is unlikely to have been involved in Gardner's Craft activities.
		Nonetheless, the most widespread theory is that after Gardner retired from adventuring around the globe, he encountered Clutterbuck and her New Forest coven in the region of the same name.
	paganwiki.org /wiki/index.php?title=Wicca (3329 words)

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