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Topic: Dorsal nerve cord

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	UWRF, Biology 230, General Zoology, Project
		The notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches and gill slits, and postanal tail are the 4 distinctive hallmarks of chordates?
		notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tail.
		A) notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouch, tornaria larva
	www.uwrf.edu /~W1083004/230/zool7_ex3p2.html (1610 words)

	BioG 105/106 \| Autotutorial Introductory Biology
		The chordate nerve cord is positioned dorsal to the gut tube, while the nerve cord of most non-chordates is found ventral to the digestive tract.
		The chordate nerve cord is also hollow and fluid-filled, while that of non-chordates is typically solid.
		All chordates possess the four trademarks of the phylum: a notochord; a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits; and a muscular, postanal tail.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/biog105/labs/deuts/chordates.html (1578 words)

	Amphioxus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The cavity of the hollow nerve cord is the neurocoel.
		The lumen of the nerve cord (neurocoel) is expanded anteriorly to form a vesicle sometimes referred to as the brain.
		Embryologically, the notochord arises from a dorsal median thickening of the roof of the archenteron.
	www.lander.edu /rsfox/310AmphioxusLab.html (4112 words)

	Cephalochordata, Laboratory Notes for BIO 1003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Dorsal to the pharynx you can see a rod, usually with minute upright lines across it, that runs from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail.
		The notochord makes a large, pink oval that is dorsal to the pharynx, and the dorsal hollow nerve cord (also pink) above it has either an indentation from the top or a hole in the center.
		The fourth section through the tail is all meat (muscle), notochord and dorsal hollow nerve cord; it is posterior to the atriopore and anus, hence there are neither coelomic space nor organs here.
	darwin.baruch.cuny.edu /bio1003/chordata.html (661 words)

	CHAPTER 34 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The dorsal, hollow nerve cord develops in the vertebrate embryo from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube dorsal to the notochord.
		The notochord, dorsal nerve cord, numerous gill slits, and postanal tail all persist in the adult stage.
		The vertebrate cranium and brain (the enlarged anterior end of the dorsal, hollow nerve cord) and the anterior sensory organs are evidence of a high degree of cephalization, the concentration of sensory and neural equipment in the head.
	www.nmc.edu /~ftank/116s05/Ch34WordLectureOutline.htm (1627 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Chordata
		Hemichordates also have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord probably equivalent to the dorsal, hollow nerve cord partially characteristic of the chordates.
		The dorsal nerve cord is usually restricted to the collar.
		A dorsal hollow nerve chord (the brain and spinal chord of humans).
	www.nearctica.com /nathist/chordata/chorintr.htm (837 words)

	CHARACTERISTICS OF CHORDATES
		They also have a dorsal strand of nerve cells, believed to be the precursor to the dorsal hollow nerve cord.
		There is no trace of dorsal nerve cord or notochord, and only one pair of gill slits in species of the genus Cephalodiscus.
		• Larvae are tadpole-like and free-living, and have an endostyle, gill slits, dorsal nerve cord, and notochord.
	www.shsu.edu /~bio_mlt/Chap2.html (891 words)

	C. elegans
		The major synapse-rich regions are the nerve ring (red surrounding the pharynx, the ventral nerve cord (red line with neuronal cell bodies on ventral side of animal), the dorsal nerve cord (red line on the dorsal side of the animal).
		The major process tracts of the worm are the nerve ring, the ventral nerve cord and the dorsal nerve cord.
		Interneurons in the nerve ring synapse onto secondary interneurons such as the command interneuron AVD which is involved in the regulation of motor output (locomotion).
	thalamus.wustl.edu /nonetlab/ResearchF/elegans.html (1650 words)

	UNC-119 suppresses axon branching in C. elegans -- Knobel et al. 128 (20): 4079 -- Development
		from the ventral nerve cord to the dorsal nerve cord (Knobel et al., 1999).
		The dorsal nerve cord was contiguous along the length of the animal (arrow).
		from the anvil to the dorsal nerve cord.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/128/20/4079 (7840 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The middle region, which is the collar or mesosome, contains the mouth, a section of dorsal nerve cord formed by neurulation, the paired mesocoels, and the base of the stomochord, which projects forward into the prosome.
		Nerve cells are interspersed with epidermal cells and account for 50% or more of the cells in the proboscis and collar ectoderm and a lower percentage in the metasome.
		The two nerve cords are through-conduction tracts of bundled axons and are not enriched for neurogenesis.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/neural/musashi2.htm (3230 words)

	BSC 214 Midterm Lab Exam terms to know (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Myomeres, epidermis, dorsal fin, tail fin, anus, hindgut, preanal fin, metapleural folds, myosepta, head, oral hood, tentacles, buccal cirri, wheel organ, velum, velar tentacles, mouth, pharynx, nerve cord (dorsal nerve cord or dorsal and tubular nerve cord on figures), notochord, photoreceptor, pharyngeal slits, endostyle, atriopore, esophagus, midgut, midgut caecum, hindgut, anus.
		Endostyle, dorsal fin, myomere, myoseptum, metapleural folds, nerve cord = (dorsal nerve cord on figure), notochord, pharynx, gonads, ovaries, testes, midgut, midgut cecum.
		Pectoral fins, pelvic fins, dorsal fin, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, digitiform(rectal) gland, gonads, ovaries, testes, ventral lobe of the pancreas, dorsal lobe of the pancreas, heart, ventricle, atrium.
	webpages.marshall.edu /~hurlburt/mdlbtm00.html (795 words)

	Chordata - Biomedia Zoology Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		They are the possession of PHARYNGEAL SLITS, a NOTOCHORD (a skeletal rod lying dorsal* to the gut) and a NERVE CORD which lies dorsally to the notochord.
		The hemichordates also have pharyngeal gill slits^, an unusual form of dorsal nerve cord and a similar structure to notochord.
		However some authorities doubt if their notochord and nerve cord are comparable in structure to those of other chordates.
	www-biol.paisley.ac.uk /biomedia/text/txt_chord.htm (1278 words)

	vertebrate notes
		Vertebrates have an internal skeleton of cartilage or bone, with vertebrae surrounding the dorsal nerve cord.
		The vertebral column is made of individual hard segments (vertebrae) surrounding the dorsal hollow nerve cord.
		The nerve cord is the one chordate feature present in the adult phase of all vertebrates.
	sps.k12.ar.us /massengale/vertebrate_notes.htm (3968 words)

	Chordates notes b1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tail
		is a firm, flexible rod of tissue located on the dorsal side of the body that becomes part of the endoskeleton in vertebrates
		is a hollow tube lying dorsal to the notochord that becomes the brain and spinal cord in vertebrates
	sps.k12.ar.us /massengale/chordates.htm (197 words)

	Fish Textbook
		Posterior to the brain is the spinal cord, which is in fact the hollow dorsal nerve cord that characterizes chordates.
		Glands in the dorsal, anal, and pelvic spines produce a venom that is intensely painful and is occasionally fatal to humans.
		In most bony fishes, the dorsal fin is used for sudden direction changes and acts as a "keel" to keep the fish stable in the water.
	ohs-bio.www1.50megs.com /Biology_Notes/Fish.htm (12105 words)

	Articles - Chordate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		They are united by having, at some stage in their life, a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a muscular tail extending past the anus.
		Urochordate larvae have a notochord and a nerve cord but they are lost in adulthood.
		In all vertebrates except for Hagfish, the dorsal hollow nerve cord has been surrounded with cartilaginous or bony vertebrae and the notocord generally reduced.
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/Chordate (224 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Descendents in the protostome line may have condensed a nerve cord from the apical organ complex whereas those of the deuterostome line may have done so from the diffuse net.
		Important to his argument is the fact that hemichordates actually have two nerve cords, perhaps reflecting an intermediate step in the condensation of nerve tracts from the ancestor's diffuse net..
		The nerve cord expands anteriorly into a brain associated with paired sensory structures: the nose, eyes and stato-acoustic organ.
	www.cbu.edu /~esalgado/BIOL246/ch17.doc (6050 words)

	Pharyngula::Torquarator bullocki
		They are marine worms that share two characteristics with us chordates: a hollow, dorsal nerve cord and a perforated feeding structure, the pharynx.
		So, both have a collar and dorsal nerve cord and pharynx, but one, the enteropneust, lacks tentacles and crawls wormlike through the mud, while the pterobranch has tentacles and sits in one place to feed.
		The lateral wings are shown unfolded from the dorsal side and extended laterally to permit a clearer view of the course of the digestive tract (in yellow).
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/torquarator_bullocki (1242 words)

	Chordata
		The Hemichordata ("acorn worms") are mentioned here because they appear to be intermediates between echinoderms and chordates because of their gill-slitted pharynx and dorsal tubular nerve cord.
		The larval stage resembles a tadpole and has a mid-ventral notochord in the tail with a dorsal nerve cord.
		Metamorphosis to the sessile (attached) adult results in a loss of the notochord and tail, a regression of the nerve cord, and an expansion of the pharynx for filter feeding.
	www.mercy.edu /faculty/knizeski/chordata.html (610 words)

	The Shape of Life . Chordates \| PBS
		Another chordate feature is a hollow nerve structure called a dorsal nerve cord that in most members becomes the spinal cord and brain.
		Also included in the chordate body plan are structures called pharyngeal gill slits, or clefts.
		Dorsal nerve cord: a hollow tube that in most differentiates into a brain anteriorly and a spinal cord posteriorly
	www.pbs.org /kcet/shapeoflife/animals/chordates.html (233 words)

	Comparative Anatomy Topic 3 - Protovertebrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		PHYLUM Chordata - Those animals with a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, and a postanal tail at least sometime during their lifecycle.
		• Notochord and dorsal hollow nerve cord lost as adults.
		Notochord and dorsal hollow nerve cord lost, pharynx expands, siphons develop (incurrent = mouth, excurrent = atriopore).
	www.auburn.edu /academic/classes/zy/0301/Topic3/Topic3.html (521 words)

	UWRF, Biology 230, General Zoology, Project
		notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches & postanal tail
		a.) brain, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches and gill slits, and tornaria larva
		d.) postanal tail, notochord, pharyngeal pouches and gill slits, and a dorsal tubular nerve cord
	www.uwrf.edu /~cg04/230/zool7_ex3.html (1849 words)

	Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The notochord is a stiffened but still flexible rod found between the ventral (front/bottom) gut and the dorsal (back/top) nerve cord
		The nerve cord that becomes our brain and spinal cord begins embryologically as an in-folding of the central/dorsally located ectoderm of the developing chordate
		Because the embryonic origin of this nerve cord is as an in-folding, the resulting nerve cord is hollow
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/campbl34.htm (1124 words)

	Lecture 10
		nerve cord, often cephalized into complex brain (fig, p 484)
		Members of the Hemichordata do have gill slits and a hollow dorsal nerve cord.
		Excurrent siphon at former dorsal side (may be shared in colonial forms)
	nas.cl.uh.edu /novotny/amh09.htm (1989 words)

	Phylum: Hemichordata
		+ an interior buccal tube formed by a conspicuous dorsal extension of the
		* (neurochord): subepidermal dorsal nerve cord formed by an invagination of ectoderm is
		Defining Characteristics: The notochord extends anteriorly beyond the nerve cord, and the notochord has discs with thick myosin filaments so it can contract.
	www.bios.niu.edu /blackstone/bios493/bios493g.htm (1160 words)

	Phylum Nematoda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ascaris c.s.: lumen of intestine, ventral nerve cord, dorsal nerve cord, pseudocoelom, testis, ovary, uterus, cuticle, hypodermis
		body c.s.: epidermis, gastrodermis, coelom, dorsal longitudinal muscle, ventral longitudinal muscle, alimentary canal, cuticle, circular muscle
		: cuticle, epidermis, circular muscles, longitudinal muscle, dorsal blood vessel, intestinal typhlosole, nephridiopore, nerve cord, coelom, setae.
	bama.ua.edu /~clydeard/bsc376/lab_exercise_10_1.htm (202 words)

	CHAPTER 31, THE DEUTEROSTOMES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		d) an early nerve structure that becomes the spinal cord.
		a) segmentation/ dorsal hollow nerve cord/ gill arches or pharyngeal pouches
		Bilaterally symmetrical; deuterostome; dorsal hollow nerve cord, describes
	www.sirinet.net /~jgjohnso/apbio31quiz.html (1184 words)

	Protochordates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		• Dorsal hollow nerve cord only in collar.
		Have notochord and dorsally located nerve cord.
		Dorsal, hollow nerve tube; typical embryonic vertebrate brain with three primary vesicles.
	www.uta.edu /biology/restricted/3452proto.htm (349 words)

	Chapter 30: Deuterostomes = Echinoderms and Chordates
		Central nerve ring around mouth, cord extends to each arm.
		Notochord from tip of head to tip of tail, with dorsal hollow nerve cord.
		Vertebrae can be cartilage or bone with dorsal porjections enclosing nerve cord
	www.blinn.edu /brazos/natscience/eott-reeves/1407ch30.htm (1975 words)

	Phylum Chordata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Dorsal notochord present at some stage of development
		Notochord, gill slits, dorsal nerve cord, post-anal tail persist in adult
		Neural crest cells form part of bones of skull and other structures
	www.ku.edu /~bio152/outlinevert.html (178 words)

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