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Topic: Dose response curve

	Role of Intracellular Calcium in Modification of Mu and Delta Opioid Receptor-Mediated Antinociception by Diabetes in ...
		DAMGO in nondiabetic mice; the dose-response curve for
		in nondiabetic mice; the dose-response curve for DAMGO-induced
		nondiabetic mice; the dose-response curve for DAMGO-induced antinociception
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/286/2/780 (4259 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN & USDA/FSIS & CDC - IV. Hazard Characterization: Quantitative Assessment of Relative Risk to ...
		The relationship of infective dose to body mass, for example, if treated in a classic chemical toxicology approach, suggests that mouse doses may be equivalent to a 50- or 500-fold higher dose in humans, depending on age.
		The animal data were not used to establish the actual doses that cause human illness, which is seen in the scale or relative position of the dose-response curve on the dose axis.
		First is the dose-repsonse function from the mouse model, the dose is adjusted for virulence and host susceptability and the mouse model is adjusted using CDC estimates of annual death rates to calculate the dose-response function for humans (deaths/serving).
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~dms/lmr2-4.html (8478 words)

	Column - Why Did Terry Fall Off the Dose-Response Curve?
		The goal is to determine whether the clinical response (the variable reflected on the Y-axis of Figure 1) is a function of the dose (the variable expressed on the X-axis of Figure 1).
		Moreover, the dose is also a function of the idiosyncrasies of the clinician, who may be a proponent of the "more is always better" philosophy or who may a priori believe that a higher dose of a drug is necessary to obtain the desired response.
		The typical reaction to an insufficient response is to increase the dose, but a dose increase in such cases may cause a worsening of the patient's condition.
	www.preskorn.com /columns/9601.html (2924 words)

	PreMeC Bulletin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dose tapering to the lowest effective dose should be considered after the desired response has been achieved.
		Dose-response curves in the literature usually represent the mean response of a sample of the population.
		However, from the 95% confidence limits of the dose-response curve it can be seen that for the same effect, the dose may vary considerably (see Figure 2), and for any concentration effect may vary greatly.
	www.premec.org.nz /bulletins/83.htm (664 words)

	Chemicals - Manual - Lesson 3, page 1
		There are two types of dose-response curves: one that describes the graded responses of an individual to varying doses of the chemical and one that describes the distribution of responses to different doses in a population of individuals.
		Regardless of the response that is used for measurement with respect to dose, toxicologists find that the form of the dose-response curve is similar.
		The response, the incidence of tumors in a population of mice, is along the y-axis.
	science.education.nih.gov /supplements/nih2/chemicals/guide/lesson3-1.htm (1514 words)

	Opioids in pain management
		Clinicians argue that the need for a greater dose is driven by worsening disease rather than by pharmacological tolerance, and cite the fact that many patients are maintained satisfactorily on the same oral morphine dose for months.
		The two studies show tolerance, less effect from the same dose after repeated injections, and, because the slopes of the four lines in the figure differ, incomplete cross-tolerance is evident from the second study.
		Dose required to achieve same degree of pain relief when rechallenged after 1 week of chronic dosing 13 patients had a controlled relative potency assay to compare morphine and metopon after 1 week of regular dosing with either drug.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/booth/painpag/wisdom/lancop.html (3569 words)

	9- Dose and Response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Experimental studies are needed to generate dose-response curves (the doses are known).
		Compare this to the dose response for aflatoxin-induced liver tumors in rats (shape of the curve, potency).
		If (a big if) the threshold dose is known for a chemical, and the doses received by individuals from whatever sources, then it is possible to determine if those individuals are at risk and the extent of the risk.
	cc.ysu.edu /~amjacobs/830W00-6.htm (2035 words)

	metapop
		These results demonstrate that extrapolation of a dose-response curve to ecological effects is dependent on specific knowledge about the initial conditions of the populations and parameters describing the spatial dynamics.
		Toxicants with degradation curves A and C are present in the largest concentration and therefore cause the greatest damage.
		The severity of the damage to a population was greatly dependent on the interaction of the dose-response curve and the concentration of the stressor.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~ietc/metapop.html (1157 words)

	Effects of Aviation Noise on Awakenings from Sleep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1992, the Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (FICON) recommended an interim dose-response curve to predict the percent of the exposed population expected to be awakened (% awakening) as a function of the exposure to single event noise levels expressed in terms of the sound exposure level, SEL [FICON, 1992].
		The FICON curve is also depicted, for comparison purposes; based on the current field data, the dose-response relationship given by this older curve significantly overestimates the extent of aircraft noise-related awakenings for a given SEL exposure.
		The FICAN 1997 curve represents the upper limit of the observed field data, and should be interpreted as predicting the "maximum percent of the exposed population expected to be behaviorally awakened", or the "maximum % awakened" for a given residential population.
	www.fican.org /pages/sleepdst.html (3034 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Modulation of the dinucleotide receptor present in rat midbrain synaptosomes by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Concentration-response curve for diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap A) in the presence and in the absence of alkaline phoshatase (AP).
		In this way, a substantial change in the dose-response curve for Ap A was observed after the treatment of synaptosomes with alkaline phosphatase, since lower doses of Ap A, ineffective in the absence of the enzyme, were effective (Figure 1A).
		Concentration-response curves for Ap A in the presence of NBTI and adenosine deaminase.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v130/n2/full/0703300a.html (4528 words)

	The operational model of agonist action
		They began with the observation that dose-response curves often have a sigmoidal shape with a Hill Slope of 1.0, (the curves are hyperbolas when response is plotted against agonist concentration, sigmoidal when response is plotted against the log of concentration).
		Any symmetrical dose-response curve is defined by four parameters: Bottom (response with no agonist), Top (response at very high concentrations), EC (concentration of agonist needed to provoke a response halfway between Bottom and Top) and the Hill Slope.
		Basal is the measured response in the absence of agonist.
	www.curvefit.com /operational_model_.htm (1832 words)

	dose
		Hazard Identification) of a substance, an analysis of the relationship between the dose received and the respective response is conducted.
		The dose/response curve for a carcinogen is linear because there is no threshold of response as is seen in the dose/response curve for non-carcinogens.
		Extrapolation of the dose or potency from an animal study to a human is based on a body weight scaling factor.
	extoxnet.orst.edu /faqs/risk/dose.htm (1197 words)

	GLP-1-induced alterations in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretory dose-response curve -- Brandt et al. 281 (2): 242 ...
		in the slope of this curve from 5 to 9 mM glucose from 71.0 ±
		slope of the glucose-ISR dose-response curve from 5 to 9 mM glucose
		increase the insulin response to intravenous glucose (3, 20).
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/2/E242 (3519 words)

	Column - If Lack of Concentration Didn't Cause the Fall, What Did?
		For example, higher doses of ß-blockers are required to treat hypertension in fls than in whites; and even with higher doses, their efficacy is less in fls than in whites.
		Identifying a difference in the dose-response curve between populations or between specific conditions suggests a difference in one of the three factors in equation 1.
		Part of the underlying biological variance factor in equation 1 can be genetically determined differences in either the site of action, which mediates the pharmacodynamics of the drugs, or in the CYP enzymes, which determine the pharmacokinetics of the drug in terms of its rate of elimination from the body (i.e., its clearance).
	www.preskorn.com /columns/9611.html (2212 words)

	Medical Pharmacology:Dose-Response Laboratory
		The purpose of this experiment is to have students acquire the data and construct a quantal dose-response curve.
		Indices of the relative safety of the compound are to be computed and explanations for differences in response to different routes of administration are to be provided.
		Record the number of mice that respond positively (paralyzed and/or dead) at each dose as well as the number of mice that were administered that dose.
	www.umdnj.edu /~howland/dose_resp.htm (394 words)

	Dose response curve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An important step in the estimation of chemical toxicity is generating a dose response curve.
		This is a graphic representation of the data showing adverse effects at particular dose levels as depicted by the red line.
		If low doses are given to the animals, no adverse effects may show up in a small sample of test animals.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/onlcourse/chm110/outlines/doserespon.html (286 words)

	[No title]
		Technically, the lowest dose required to produce the desired effect (in 50% of the subjects) is termed the minimum effective dose (MED-50), and a dosage that is lethal to 50% of the subjects (the LD-50) is an index of the toxicity of the drug.
		Furthermore, on tasks that are not well practiced, even low doses may impair performance; the dose-response relationship is determined as much by the details of the response as the details of the drug's biochemistry.
		Chlorpromazine and related phenothiazine drugs were responsible for the release of hundreds of thousands of patients from institutions where they otherwise would have spent the remainder of their lives in heavy sedation, in straightjackets, or other restraints.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~lwh/drugs/psypharm.htm (6275 words)

	Timmons & Hamilton: Drugs, Brains and Behavior - Ch 3
		If one were to transfer sections of this changing concentration curve to the dose response curve in Figure 3.2, the behavioral effect at any given time would be changing in accordance with the changing concentration curve.
		Low doses of acetylcholine reduce the blood pressure by acting on the muscarinic receptors which inhibit the smooth muscles of the blood vessels to cause vasodilation.
		Consequently, the brain is responsible for nearly twenty percent of the body's total oxygen consumption, even though it accounts for less than two percent of the body mass.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~lwh/drugs/chap03.htm (8309 words)

	Nucleotide coronary vasodilation in guinea pig hearts -- Gorman et al. 285 (3): 1040 -- AJP - Heart and Circulatory ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Responses to 2 injections at intermediate concentrations are not shown.
		Responses to intracoronary AMP injections are shown in Fig.
		Responses to intracoronary ADP injections are shown in Fig.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/3/H1040 (3816 words)

	Glucose enhancement of memory in elderly humans: an inverted-U dose-response curve. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In animals, enhancement of memory with glucose and many other treatments is characterized by an inverted-U dose-response curve.
		The present experiment examined the dose-response curve for glucose enhancement of memory in elderly humans.
		Using a repeated measures, counterbalanced, crossover design, the subjects (60-82 year olds) were tested on four sessions, separated by 1 week or more, for performance on the Wechsler Logical Memory Test after ingestion of a fruit drink sweetened with glucose (0, 10, 25, and 50 g) and saccharin matched to comparable taste.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_1625769.html (172 words)

	Teaching Pharmacodynamics: An Introductory Module On Learning Dose-Response Relationships
		An example is presented here in which a simulated treatment of fever with an antipyretic demonstrates progressive development of a quantal distributional plot, a quantal cumulative dose-response curve, and a continuous cumulative dose-response curve, and the use of log dose to enhance data presentation.
		On either side of this 50% response point, the arcs of the curve are inverted mirror images.
		This is a common comparison dose as it is in the middle of the linear portion of the curve.
	www.ajpe.org /view.asp?art=aj680373&pdf=yes (3215 words)

	A dose-response curve for human growth hormone. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Doubling the dose from 30 to 60 mIU increased the mean rate of growth 1.3 times, and increasing the 30 mIU dose by a factor of 3.3 increased the mean rate of growth 1.6 times.
		The response (y) as a function of the log-dose (x) is defined by the equation y = -3.12 + 5.80 log x.
		This dose-response curve provides data which are useful in choosing the best dose of hGH for an individual patient.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_7298800.html (191 words)

	p-Nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from "modified" polystyrene Environmental Health ...
		Doses ranging from 1 to 50 mg of the polystyrene-derived purified alkylphenol (peak #2, C8 reverse-phase column) dissolved in 0.1 mL sesame oil were administered SC 19 and 20 days after ovariectomy.
		To characterize the substance responsible for this unexpected proliferative effect, methanol extracts from both "unmodified" and "modified" polystyrene tubes were purified by normal phase HPLC (Fig.
		A 20-mg dose induced a weak proliferative response while the mitotic indices at doses below 10 mg were similar to those found in control animals.
	www.mindfully.org /Plastic/P-Nonyl-phenol-ED.htm (3836 words)

	Opposing Effects of Corepressor and Coactivators in Determining the Dose-Response Curve of Agonists, and Residual ...
		Dose-Response Curves for Dex Induction by Transfected GR ± Cotransfected TIF2
		To directly determine whether or not the Dex dose-response curves for GR ± TIF2 were the same, the activity at each point in the curves, or bars, of panel A was expressed as percent of maximal induction by 100 n
		In both graphs, the responses with GR alone are indicated by the open symbols while the data for GR + TIF2 are designated by the solid symbols.
	mend.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/13/12/2108 (8052 words)

	MAPS: DOSE RESPONSE CURVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Imho, that will be when (1) D-R analysis can explain why people who take the same dose of the same drug in the same set and setting have entirely different thoughts and emotions, and (2) when those thoughts and emotions are reducible to particular patterns of neuroelectrochemical activity.
		The belief that such a task will one day be accomplished is, again imho, tantamount to the stillborn Newtonian hope that the future state of the universe would somehow be precisely determinable if and when the state of every particle was determinable.
		As for me, I tend to adhere to the politically incorrect Gnostic position that some people (the hyletics) are predisposed towards viewing the world from a material perspective; others (the psychics) are predisposed towards viewing it from a psychological perspective; and still others (the pneumatics) are predisposed towards viewing it from a spiritual perspective.
	www.maps.org /pipermail/maps_forum/2001-March/003354.html (468 words)

	Ch451_Lec_5February
		For irreversible interactions the response may still be proportional to the concentration at the site of action, but the results may be quite different.
		The response will now depend on how fast the receptors may be replaced, and if the replacement is slow, the dose may be cumulative.
		It is also useful to note that the area under the curve between ± 1s includes 68% of all values (of the population), while ± 2s includes 95% and ± 3s includes 99% of all values.
	www.humboldt.edu /~rap1/C451.S03/C451LecNotes/451nFeb5.html (1026 words)

	Analyzing Dose-Response Curves with Prism
		A dose-response curve is a plot of response to drug treatment vs. drug concentration.
		Suppose we want to plot two dose-response curves, showing the average in vitro response to an agonist, in the presence and in the absence of an antagonist, measured in triplicate.
		The dose-response curve becomes sigmoidal only when response is plotted against the logarithm of dose, and Prism's built-in sigmoidal dose-response curve-fit models presuppose that your X values are in that form.
	www.graphpad.com /prism/tutorials/dose_response/dose_response_curves.htm (2438 words)

	Erowid Experience Vaults: 5-MeO-DiPT - Surprised By Dose-Response Curve
		I then decided to up the dose a lot to find out if 5-MeO-DiPT had anything to offer me (I was quite sceptical after the initial experiences).
		I ingested 26mg (a strong dose for most people, I think) of the substance, and as expected, got very nice effects.
		I would urge anyone experimenting with 5-MeO-DiPT to use an accurate method of measuring doses in the milligram scale AND to keep in mind that the dose-response-curve seems to be extremely steep.
	www.erowid.org /experiences/exp.php?ID=18870 (785 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Review of Environmental Science Textbooks (2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Fig 9.13 is not a typical dose-response curve.
		The concept of the relationship between dose and response is explained, as well as the fact that exposure does not always equal risk.
		The discussion of environmental hazards and human health was well organized and provided a good definition of important concepts, such as the importance of dose, and considers competing objectives.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/1126.html (7180 words)

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