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	Dot gain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dot gain is a phenomenon in printing and graphic arts whereby printed dots are perceived and actually printed bigger than intended.
		This happens because of the viscosity of ink and its ability to spread through the paper as it is soaked in.
		A related subject, the Yule-Nielsen effect, is sometimes incorrectly termed "optical dot gain." When using a conventional reflection densitometer to measure dot area, and applying the Murray-Davies model, the computed size of the dot will be smaller than it actually is. This isn't dot gain at all, but an error in the computation method.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dot_gain (221 words)

	Tips on Controlling Dot Gain (Pre-Press, March/April 1998) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dot gain is defined as the increase in the diameter of a halftone dot during the pre-press and printing process.
		Total dot gain is the difference between the dot size on a film negative and the corresponding dot size on the printed page.
		Dot gain becomes more pronounced as the screen ruling becomes finer and is often one of the factors limiting the choice of screen.
	www.naa.org /TechNewsPub/Pre-Press/Tips-on-Controlling-Dot-Gain-(Pre-Press-March-and-April-1998).aspx (684 words)

	ScreenWeb \| Managing Textile Dot Gain
		Dot gain for textile printers is an ongoing battle because there are so many factors that come into play.
		For instance, dot area of the 40% dot is the same as the dot area of 60%.
		The 40% dot is a positive dot, and the 60% dot is a negative dot.
	www.screenweb.com /index.php/channel/1/id/51 (1653 words)

	How to obtain the best results for your printing investment.
		Dot Gain happens every time a job goes on press - regardless of the printer, the paper, the ink, or the imagery.
		If a dot pattern covers 30% of an image area and, when printed looks as though it covers 50%, it is said to have a total dot gain of 20%.
		Dot gain compensation (sometimes called pinch-back) means that, on your separation, the actual dot size is decreased and the space surrounding each dot is increased.
	www.brandonsprinting.com /dotgain.htm (1289 words)

	Tobias Bulletins
		On press, the primary cause of physical dot gain is the amount of ink feed and the consistency of the ink.
		Dot gain is the difference between the EDA of the printed halftone and the negative (or positive) dot area of the film used to make the printing plate.
		Second, the converse of this occurs and the light scattered by the white paper adjacent to a dot decreases the effective density of the areas inside the boundary of the dot, in opposition to the effect of the shadow halo in the white areas.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/tobiasinc/TAPages/bulletin1.htm (1643 words)

	Denistometry and Dot Gain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dot gain is the effect that occurs when a larger-than-specified dot appears on the final printed piece.
		Variations in the amount of dot gain occur because of differences in papers and inks, and compensation for dot gain normally occurs in the process of color separating a scanned image.
		Dot gain happens photographically when the plates are made, and mechanically on the press.
	www.prepress.pps.com /TechReports/densitytr.html (2634 words)

	Southwest Offset Printing
		This dot gain can be compensated for in the film stage by reducing the size of the film dot.
		Dot compensation may be varied in different areas of the image, with less compensation in highlight areas and greater compensation in shadow areas.
		Dot gain is the primary cause as a result of variation in ink feed or printing pressure.
	southwestoffset.com /presstips/dotgrain.html (264 words)

	TechTip 12 - Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One may call it dot gain, dot area, equivalent dot area, or tone value increase, but basically, we are looking at the increase in dot size due to many factors on a press or during the process.
		Gain is present in many systems and must be accounted for and compensated for as necessary.
		The difference, therefore, between the dot gain measured by the densitometer and the mechanical dot gain is the optical gain.
	www.gabb.com /pages/_techtip/techtip_012.html (302 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The measurement of dot gain in print is known as “apparent dot gain,” because there are physical and optical components.
		To ensure high quality, it’s important to measure the typical dot gain during platemaking and printing to specify the correct size for half-tone dots in the color-separation data for the film or CTP imager.
		Once dot gain is controlled, it’s possible to move to the next step—controlling the gray balance, a function of dot gain, ink-film thickness, trapping and ink-color strength.
	www.naa.org /TechNewsPub/Pre-Press/Color-Management/Taming-Dot-Gain-(Pre-Press-January-and-February-2002).aspx (899 words)

	Dot Gain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dot gain is the difference between the actual printed dot and the ideal digital dot.
		For example, a pixel may indicate a 50% dot, but after printing, it is measured to be 70%, showing a "dot gain" of 70 - 50 = 20%.
		is the measured density of a 0% dot (i.e.
	www.brucelindbloom.com /Eqn_DotGain.html (308 words)

	Advanced Calibration of Binuscan Pro Toolkit
		Dot Gain is a commonly misunderstood printing term that broadly covers the darkening of images in the printing process.
		Intermediate reprographic stages can produce both dot loss and dot gain, depending on the number of film generations and wether pos or neg film is used, however these rarely produce more than a 5% change at the 50% dot.
		Dot shape is also significant - as a dot becomes large enough to touch an adjacent spot of ink, the effects of surface tension cause the dots to coalesce.
	www.umax.co.uk /support/binuscan/technotes/n018B.htm (1440 words)

	INDEX SEPARATIONS- PRINTING ADVANTAGES.
		The dot may be a small circle on the positive, but after several squeegee passes it turns into a much larger dot.
		This is where yellow dots are being printed over red dots and the pounding of the squeegee eventually causes the red dots to mix up through the yellow layer and through the mesh of the yellow screen turning the ink into an orange mess.
		This ensures that dot gain is controlled and actually uses the wet on wet to mix the edges of each square creating superior gradients to any other method.
	www.squaredot.com /8advantages2.html (1291 words)

	RESEARCH MPhil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In this thesis dot gain was used to evaluate the influence screen parameters have on prints made by the screen printing process.
		Between the film positive and the screen, dot loss (negative dot gain) occurs because the stencil hardens beyond the borders defined by the film positive dots during exposure, hence on development, the stencil holes are smaller than their equivalent film positive dots.
		Greater dot loss is experienced for the midtones, for higher screen rulings, higher mesh rulings and halftone dots with a higher aspect ratio.Dot gain between the screen and print is positive, as ink spills beyond the borders defined by the stencil holes.
	www.swan.ac.uk /printing/research/Mphil/jdanias.htm (251 words)

	Printing Conditions: Dot Gain
		Often misunderstood and misrepresented in prepress software, "Dot Gain" is caused by a wide range of printing and repro issues that darken images: without compensation a (for example) 50% tint on the screen of a DTP package will print as a much darker shade.
		The single largest contribution to dot gain is the dust on the surface of the paper, which allows the ink to spread or the dot shape to change - this makes the inking order very important as the first colours printed will have much higher DG, but the paper will be "cleaner" for later colours.
		Dot growth (spreading) caused by pressure between the blanket and the paper is a relatively small cause of DG, especially with coated papers (less absorption).
	www.umax.co.uk /support/binuscan/technotes/nbi01.htm (998 words)

	Newspapers & Technology
		The measurement of dot gain in print is known as “apparent dot gain,” because there is both a physical and an optical dot gain component to this apparent growth.
		To specify the correct size half-tone dots in the color separation data that goes to the film or computer-to-plate imager, the growth in the size of the printed dots must be known.
		Once dot gain is controlled, it is then easily possible to proceed to the next stage of controlling the gray balance in print —; an important reproduction and print parameter that is a function of dot gain, ink film thickness, trapping and ink color strength.
	www.newsandtech.com /issues/2001/12-01/ifra/12-01_dotgain.htm (1535 words)

	Questions on scitex class screening drum scanning digital output high definition screen mechanical dot gain vignette ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dot gain is the apparent increase in dot size, or tone value, measured on the press sheet compared with size specified in a digital file or measured on the film separations.
		Dot gain is higher with uncoated paper or newsprint.
		Optical dot gain is highest in the midtone areas where the dots have the largest circumference.
	www.repros.com.au /imaging/Q_screens.shtml (1081 words)

	CDman Graphics Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dot gain can occur during platemaking or when the inked plate transfers the image to the rubber blanket on press.
		However, the greatest gain occurs when the dot of ink hits paper: the pressure of the press forces ink into the absorbent paper, which causes the dots to spread.
		Individual dot gain depends primarily on the size of the dot.
	www.cdman.com /graphics/disc_designing/dotgain.html (312 words)

	Weekly word - Plate Densitometer
		Reflection models are used to monitor printed images for color density, dot area, dot gain, ink trap, print contrast, hue error, and grayness, among others.
		Dot gain occurs when wet ink comes in contact with paper.
		As the halftone dots are applied to the paper, the wet ink spreads, causing the dots to increase in size and halftones to appear darker.
	flexopress.com /ihara/weeklyword.html (785 words)

	Mike's Color Tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This dot gain value can also affect the tone values that will be produced when the image is output.
		Second, the dot gain in the shadows and highlights is generally less.
		If you were to plot out a curve of the dot gain, the highest point of the curve would be in the 50% area.
	www.prepress.pps.com /ColorTips/ColorTips4.htm (1111 words)

	Dot Gain
		Essentially the dot on the paper is bigger than the dot on the printing plate.
		Dot gain makes your printed image darker — simply because the ink spreads and there is more fl ink used in the image.
		Adjusting the Input of 50% to Output of 40% is a general guide for compensating for dot gain while retaining as much tonal variation in your photograph as possible.
	www.users.nac.net /costello/dotgain.html (1643 words)

	[No title]
		Dot LOSS is also an issue of dot gain.
		The dot gain you will experience depends on the press, the paper, and a host of other issues which affect how the ink will be absorbed into the paper.
		Dot gain will still be present in coarser screens, but its effect won't be as disastrous, simply because there is more space between the dots in coarser screens.
	www.techcolor.com /help/dotgain.html (1172 words)

	WPA > Reduced Dot Gain
		This inclination for dots to spread in size is called dot gain.
		In the case of conventional printing, the dot gain phenomenon is why standard screen rulings are usually limited to 200 lines per inch(79 lines per cm) maximum.
		Another aid to reduced waterless dot gain is the intaglio construction of the plate itself.
	www.waterless.org /Nbenefits/dotgain.htm (558 words)

	PrintTech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		All right, you have dropped the dot gain to where you think it needs to be but you are experiencing more problems on your presses than before.
		FM screening exhibits even more dot gain than conventional screening so people might have the mistaken impression that to print FM screens properly, they need to make the ink print sharper, that is run a thinner film of ink.
		These are expansion of the surface of the dot and “barrelling”, where the compression of the dot by the pressure in the printing nip causes the shoulder to make contact with the printed surface.
	www.taga.org /events/SanAntonio2004/PrintTech.htm (2368 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is this subsurface absorption that is responsible for a large amount of the computed (apparent) dot gain.
		By varying the size of the "N" factor, a user may force the computed dot value to be either larger or smaller.
		Yes, the apparent dot gain is always considerable.
	www.xrite.com /support_doc.aspx?Line=19&SupportID=2939 (504 words)

	AIM: Compensating the Dot-Gain of Printers
		This is partly because the dots will land so far apart that the eye is not anymore fooled to see that as a smooth, even intensity level and partly because the gamma thumbing of the transfer curve that makes intensity codes to appear far apart each other at the highlight.
		Modern printers are able to change their dot size and this feature is most often used also in halftoning in addition to the main purpose; to print sharper fonts.
		The dot gain compensation may be supported by the printer driver as a singe percentage setting.
	www.aim-dtp.net /aim/calibration/printer_calibration/dot_gain.htm (2399 words)

	Electronic Publishing - Dot Gain and the Calibrated Monitor
		This invites dot gain, and there isn?t much cyan to hide it, the way the cyan and yellow are hiding the gain in magenta in the leaves of the top left image.
		You might think that a 20% dot gain would indicate that a dot would seem 20% larger than it is supposed to be, so that a 50% dot would seem to the viewer to be 60%.
		A 20% gain is supposed to mean the number of points by which a 50% dot seems to increase.
	ep.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Article_ID=70693&CFID=9400170&CFTOKEN=11038669 (3887 words)

	Tone Reproduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Change in size of the printed “dot” (really printed area coverage) relative to that required to reproduce the specified tint..
		One is the mechanical process of the dot expanding while being printed.
		• The other is an optical dot gain due to the fact that the ink film casts a shadow on the nonimage areas of the paper.
	www.wmich.edu /ppse/tonerepro/PP10.HTM (246 words)

	The M&R Companies :: Articles & Tips
		When we print a dot, and surround that dot with another color, or the background white of a garment, our eye mixes the surround color with the printed dot, and perceives a new third color.
		However, if that magenta dot were to grow to say 60%, due to dot gain, the new perceived colors would be dark orange and purple respectively.
		Some of the very low dot gain halftone bases print better when the printing platens are warm, but not hot.
	www.mrprint.com /en/ArticlesAndTips.aspx?id=8 (3278 words)

	Electronic Publishing - The great dot gain gamble
		The whole dot structure of the right half is much crisper, better defined, than what is happening on the left, where you see dot gain in its most classic form.
		The dots are bleeding into the paper, losing their shape and seeming to be wider.
		Somebody needs to have a word with the printer of C. In addition to the heavy dot gain, the printer is having trouble holding the lightest dots, which is why the cyan is missing in action.
	ep.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Article_ID=70511&CFID=9073712&CFTOKEN=55765975 (2883 words)

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