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	double star magnetospheric mission
		The Double Star Project is China's first purely scientific space mission and its first collaboration with the European Space Agency.
		Double Star is designed for magnetospheric research, using two Chinese spacecraft, TC-1 and TC-2, which each have a payload consisting of both Chinese and European experiments.
		The TC-1 spacecraft is in a near-equatorial orbit and TC-2 in a polar orbit.
	www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk /www_plasma/missions/dstar.php (581 words)

	ESA approves Double Star mission extension - The European Space Agency says it has approved a 9e-month ex...
		Since then, Double Star and the four Cluster satellites have been conducting an unprecedented study of the sun and Earth from six different viewpoints in space.
		ESA officials said the main scientific reason to extend the Double Star operation is to complete, in combination with Cluster, the magnetospheric monitoring during the dayside season.
		Double Star is the first mission conducted by the ESA in collaboration with China's National Space Administration.
	www.politicalgateway.com /news/read/48050 (205 words)

	Double Star Mission Extended
		Double Star is currently studying the Earth's magnetosphere - the natural protective shield surrounding our planet - and its interaction with the solar wind.
		Double Star has helped to provide many new insights concerning the boundaries of the magnetosphere and the processes that play a role in the transportation of mass and energy.
		Thanks to the complementarity of the Cluster and Double Star orbits, scientists are obtaining for the first time a global view of the structure and physical processes at work in Earth's magnetic shield, with the Cluster tetrahedron studying these processes at small scales, and Double Star at large scales.
	www.spacenewsfeed.co.uk /2006/19November2006_32.html (691 words)

	Scientific FrontLine / Double Star Mission Extension
		The 2.5 years of DSP mission has brought many new perspectives concerning the boundaries of the magnetosphere and the fundamental processes that are playing a role in the transport of mass, momentum and energy into the magnetosphere.
		Double Star is providing new results thanks to its orbits skimming many key plasma regions (bow shock, magnetopause and near Earth plasma sheet), with its new instrumentation (neutral atom imager) and high telemetry rate for the particle instruments (allowing 3D electron and ion distribution function up to 4 s resolution).
		Having Cluster on the dawnside and Double Star on the duskside during a large part of the extension will facilitate the monitoring of the impact of such events on the magnetosphere, and the resultant magnetospheric compression, in particular the level of symmetry between the dawn and dusk flanks.
	www.sflorg.com /spacenews/sn110906_01.html (1228 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: First Double Star Satellite Launched
		Double Star follows the footsteps of ESA's Cluster mission and will study closely the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field.
		Then, in 1997, the CNSA invited ESA to participate in Double Star, a two-satellite mission to study the Earth's magnetic field, but from a perspective which is different from that of Cluster and complementary to it.
		The positions and orbit of the two Double Star satellites have been carefully defined to allow the study of the magnetosphere on a larger scale than that possible with Cluster alone.
	hubble.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=34431 (459 words)

	Missions
		Double Star is a two spacecraft mission aiming to explore the magnetic field that surrounds our planet and the effects of the Sun on the Earth’s environment.
		Double Star seeks to shed light on the phenomena taking place in the region of the Earth’s magnetic field called 'magnetotail', where storms of high-energy particles are generated and look at how they affect the environment on the Earth.
		Therefore, knowledge obtained by the Double Star mission could later be applied to similar processes taking place in distant and exotic sources, such as stars and fl holes.
	www.spacenow.org.uk /double_star.cfm (326 words)

	DOUBLE STAR
		The DOUBLE STAR mission studies the interactions between the Sun and the solar wind with the Earth and its magnetosphere.
		The mission DOUBLE STAR follows the steps of the European mission CLUSTER and studies the effects of the Sun on the terrestrial magnetosphere.
		The DOUBLE STAR satellites are equipped with 16 instruments of which 7 are identical to the instruments on board CLUSTER.
	smsc.cnes.fr /DBSTAR/index.htm (497 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| China launches second Double Star satellite
		Mission officials and scientists preview the flight of NASA's MESSENGER space probe to orbit the planet Mercury during this news conference.
		Double Star will operate alongside ESA's Cluster mission and will study closely the interaction between the solar wind and Earth's magnetic field.
		The CNSA invited ESA to participate in Double Star, a two-satellite mission to study Earth's magnetic field, but from a perspective which is different from that of Cluster and complementary to it.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0407/25doublestar (829 words)

	[No title]
		The objective, according to the document, is to use the next generation of satellites beyond the present SJ series to strengthen the studies of micro-gravity, space material science, space life-science, space environment and space astronomy including pre-studies for lunar exploration.
		The mission is a successor to the European Cluster project, which is studying the effects of the Sun on the Earth's magnetosphere - the `magnetic bubble' that protects the earth from the worst effects of solar storms.
		Double Star will conduct a number of scientific investigations, most of which will augment measurements coming from the four Cluster satellites.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=20031024003511700.htm&date=fl2021/&prd=fline& (647 words)

	Yorkshire CND - East Meets West With Double Star - 9/7/01
		This mission consists of two satellites, the equatorial satellite DSP-E, following a 550 x 60 000 km orbit, inclined at 28.5 degrees to the equator and the polar satellite DSP-P, following a 350 x 25 000 km orbit inclined at 90 degrees to the equator.
		A key aspect of ESA's participation in the Double Star project is the inclusion of 10 instruments that are identical to those currently flying on the four Cluster spacecraft.
		Double Star will be the first mission launched by China to explore the Earth's magnetosphere -- the magnetic bubble that surrounds our planet.
	cndyorks.gn.apc.org /yspace/articles/doublestar.htm (707 words)

	ScienceDaily: ESA approves Double Star mission extension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Star On A Hubble Diet (December 19, 2006) -- High-resolution observations from Hubble have shed light on the real mass of a star previously believed to be amongst the heaviest known in our Milky Way.
		Red giant -- A red giant is a large non-main sequence star of stellar classification K or M; so-named because of the reddish appearance of the cooler giant stars.
		Red supergiant star -- Red supergiants are supergiant stars of spectral type K-M and a luminosity class of I. They are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size, although they are not the most massive.
	www.sciencedaily.com /upi/index.php?feed=Science&article=UPI-1-20061116-17172700-bc-europe-esa-crn.xml (1250 words)

	Double Star - Home Page
		Bodo Gramkow, ESA's payload project manager for Double Star, had to obtain special permission to travel to China while the global alert issued by the World Health Organisation was still in force, but through the generous assistance of the CNSA and CSSAR, those involved could continue the work and save the mission.
		The key aspect of Europe's participation in Double Star was the inclusion of seven instruments identical to those flying on the Cluster spacecraft, plus one extra instrument provided by the National University of Ireland.
		Data from the Double Star experiments will be relayed to the Chinese data centre in Beijing via the ESA ground station at Villafranca (Spain) and the Chinese ground stations in Beijing and Shanghai.
	www.rssd.esa.int /index.php?project=DOUBLESTAR (3516 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Double Star announcement of opportunity for the Double Star mission
		The Double Star Programme is a collaborative programme between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) to study the relation between the Sun and the Earth.
		The mission is made of two spacecraft, one equatorial (550 x 66 970 km, 28.5 deg.
		The orbits of Double Star have been selected to maximise the conjunctions with the ESA Cluster mission.
	hubble.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=33389 (198 words)

	DoubleStar Science Data System - About DSDS
		DSDS is an integral part of the China-ESA Double Star Mission to the Earth's magnetosphere.
		Since Double Star consists of 18 different experiments, each one managed by a Principal Investigator and his/her team, the problem of data exchange among the experimenter groups is not a trivial one.
		To fulfill this requirement, the Double Star Science Working Team together with the Double Star Project have established DSDS, a distributed set of data centres, most of which are associated with one or more of the Double Star experiments.
	www.rssd.esa.int /index.php?project=DOUBLESTAR&page=about_dsds (376 words)

	ESA - Space Science - Double Star mission extension approved by ESA
		Double Star is operating alongside ESA’s Cluster mission and is studying closely the interaction between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetic field.
		In conjunction with Cluster mission, the two Double Star spacecraft have already returned a wealth of scientific data.
		The main reason for extending the mission is to continue joint observations - a very important aspect of magnetospheric science is to study the global structure of the magnetosphere on large scales which requires multiple spacecraft at widely separated locations.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/SEM45Z5TI8E_index_0.html (301 words)

	China Lofts Second Satellite in Double Star Duo
		China successfully lofted the second spacecraft in its Double Star mission Sunday, a joint program with European scientists to probe the Earth's magnetic field.
		Both Double Star satellites are spinning cylinders measuring 2 meters long and 1 meter wide.
		Double Star's Tan Ce 2 is expected to operate for at least a year, building on the 18-month design lifetime of Tan Ce 1.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/doublestar_launch_040726.html (407 words)

	BNSC - Double Star
		Double Star is the follow-up to ESA's ground-breaking Cluster II mission.
		Double Star's joint mission with Cluster II was due to finish at the end of July 2005, but it has been so successful that the six satellites will continue to work together until December 2006.
		The technology on Double Star is almost identical to that used on Cluster II, with one new instrument being designed by Europe specifically for this mission.
	www.bnsc.gov.uk /content.aspx?nid=5620 (330 words)

	Double Star Mission Extension
		Scientific highlights The 2.5 years of DSP mission has brought many new perspectives concerning the boundaries of the magnetosphere and the fundamental processes that are playing a role in the transport of mass, momentum and energy into the magnetosphere.
		Scientific rationale to extend the mission A large number of papers have appeared in refereed literature since the Double Star launch.
		During this phase of the mission, it has supplied the largest wavelength coverage of the Large Magellanic Cloud to date, and provided fascinating new images of this galaxy.
	www.spacedaily.com /reports/Double_Star_Mission_Extension_999.html (1503 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Mission Report \| China launches joint European science satellite
		The Double Star 1 satellite darted from its secluded pad at southwestern China's Xichang launch center at 1906 GMT (2:06 p.m.
		The Double Star satellites will operate for at least 18 months studying Earth's magnetosphere, where charged particles in the solar wind are caught by Earth's protective magnetic bubble and begin to affect the environment in ways in which scientists have yet to fully understand.
		The Chinese government first approved the Double Star program in late 2000, and Europe was brought into the project in an historic cooperation agreement signed in July 2001.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0312/29doublestar (1310 words)

	IWF: Double Star (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The European instruments are either spare flight models from the Cluster mission or newly refurbished and developed models.
		IWF participates in this mission with two experiments: DSP ASPOC controls the electric potential of the equatorial spacecraft, DSP FGM measures the magnetic field on both satellites.
		Further information on the Double Star mission is found at ESA.
	www.iwf.oeaw.ac.at /english/research/earthnearspace/doublestar/doublestar_e.html (182 words)

	BSC5P - Bright Star Catalog
		The BSC5P database contains data derived from the Bright Star Catalog, 5th Edition, preliminary, which is widely used as a source of basic astronomical and astrophysical data for stars brighter than magnitude 6.5.
		For those stars which have this information, this is usually the Flamsteed and/or Bayer constellation-based name for the star, e.g., 54Alp Peg, where 54 is the Flamsteed number and Alp (for Alpha) is the Bayer Greek letter.
		This is the variable star designation from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars or one of its Supplements, or from the Catalogue of Suspected Variable Stars, or simply the designation 'var'.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /W3Browse/star-catalog/bsc5p.html (761 words)

	Skycontrol.net: European Space Agency: Double Star mission extended
		The two Double Star satellites were launched in December 2003 and July 2004 respectively – a schedule that enabled them to operate alongside ESA’s Cluster mission.
		During the extension period, the orbital planes of the Double Star and Cluster flotillas – initially aligned – will be separated by 60º in ‘azimuth’, or local time, providing new satellite ‘constellations’ and viewpoints.
		In this way, about half of the magnetosphere will be covered simultaneously by these missions – an absolute first in the history of space exploration.
	www.skycontrol.net /aerospace/european-space-agency-double-star-mission-extended (722 words)

	GIS News:China to launch new satellite
		By launching two satellites by mid-2004, Chinese and European scientists hope the Double Star Project will operate alongside four satellites from Cluster II project, which the ESA started in 2000 to study how solar winds affect the Earth.
		"Double Star will be a major contribution to Cluster and will enhance greatly its scientific output,'' Escoubet said in a telephone interview with China Daily from the Netherlands Thursday.
		Double Star marked the start of collaboration between ESA and China's space agency, according to Escoubet.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /news/viewn.asp?id=GIS:N_zigapuke (391 words)

	Double Star activities at RAL
		But the key benefit that Double Star will bring to magnetospheric science is that the orbits of the two spacecraft are explicitly designed for coordinated measurements with ESAÆs ground-breaking Cluster mission.
		A prime example will be when Double Star observes in the reconnection region on the dayside of the magnetosphere while Cluster observes in the so-called ôcuspö region, where it can detect plasma flowing deep into the EarthÆs magnetosphere after entering the magnetosphere in the reconnection region.
		Double Star is the first major collaboration between Europe and China on a scientific space mission.
	jsoc1.bnsc.rl.ac.uk /pub/DSP_coord/DoubleStar_RAL.html (853 words)

	CCLRC - Press Releases 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A ceremony held at the CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory on 17 August marked the first anniversary of the Double Star satellites, a joint European and Chinese project to study the influence of the Sun on Earth's magnetic field.
		Trevor Dimbylow, Double Star's project manager at the CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, explained, "The European Payload Service (EPOS) was set up at RAL to support science operations for the Double Star Programme involving the ESA Project Science Team, European scientists and the Chinese Mission Operations Centre.
		The Double Star Project (DSP) is a joint project between the European Space Agency and the Chinese National Space Administration.
	www.cclrc.ac.uk /Activity/News2005;SECTION=8910; (503 words)

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