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Topic: Double circulatory system

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	circulatory system
		System of vessels in an animal's body that transports essential substances (blood or other circulatory fluid) to and from the different parts of the body.
		In birds and mammals, there is a double circulatory system the lung or pulmonary circuit and the body or systemic circuit.
		The human circulatory system performs a number of functions: it supplies the cells of the body with the food and oxygen they need to survive (see nutrition); it carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells; it helps to regulate the temperature of the body; and protects the body from disease.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006777.html (599 words)

	Circulatory system
		The main function of the circulatory system in humans is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body and to remove wastes.
		The circulatory system of the fetus is different, as the fetus does not use its lungs yet and obtains oxygen and nutrients from the placenta through the umbilical cord.
		The circulatory systems of all vertebrates as well as of earthworms, squids and octopuses are closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the system of blood vessels consisting of arteries, capillaries and veins.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ca/Cardiovascular.html (902 words)

	Glossary of Food-Related Terms
		A system operated by FDA which monitors and investigates all complaints by individuals or their physicians that are believed to be related to a specific food, food and color additives or vitamin and mineral supplements.
		Protein produced by the immune system of humans and higher animals in response to the presence of a specific antigen.
		In a double blind experiment, neither the researchers nor the participants are aware of which subjects receive the treatment - until after the study is completed.
	www.ific.org /glossary (8024 words)

	Reproductive System - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The basic units of sexual reproduction are the male and female germ cells; this article deals with the organs within which the germ cells of animals mature and are stored, the organs through which they are transported in the process of producing a new individual, and accessory glandular organs.
		In invertebrates, the primordial germ cells congregate in the body cavity or in a section of the circulatory system; in vertebrates, these cells are located in organs that adjoin the excretory system.
		The portion of the peritoneum that the testis carries with it forms a double wall of membrane between the scrotum and testis and is known as the tunica vaginalis.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761553537___0/Reproductive_System.html (2492 words)

	Circulatory System
		An open circulatory system is a system in which the heart pumps blood into the hemocoel which is positioned in between the ectoderm and endoderm.
		Since the lymphatic system is included as part of the circulatory system because of its circulation of excess fluid and large molecules, it decreases the pressure in tissues that extra fluid increases.
		The lymphatic system is a system of vessels that returns excess fluid and proteins to the blood and transports large molecules to the blood.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/AnimalPhysiology/CirculatorySystem/CirculatorySystem.htm (5666 words)

	Circulatory system - Psychology Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		An open circulatory system is an arrangement of internal transport present in some invertebrates like mollusks and arthropods in which circulatory fluid in a cavity called the hemocoel bathes the organs directly and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid; this combined fluid is called hemolymph (also spelled haemolymph).
		The main organs of the circulatory system is the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels.
		The circulatory systems of all vertebrates, as well as of annelids (for example, earthworms) and cephalopods (squid and octopus) are closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the system of blood vessels consisting of arteries, capillaries and veins.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Circulatory_system (1280 words)

	circulatory system - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is known as a double circulatory system, as the blood is pumped first to the lungs, and then to the rest of the body.
		In fish and many other animals, there is a single circulatory system, with blood passing through the gills and on to the rest of the body without an extra boost from the heart.
		Insects and many other invertebrates have an open circulatory system, where the blood flows freely within the body cavity, but passes through a series of open blood vessels and heart(s), whose pumping maintains a directional flow.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O142-circulatorysystem.html (639 words)

	WI - Wildlife Care - Anatomy
		In general, the sympathetic nervous system is activated in the ‘fight or flight’ response, whereas the parasympathetic system operates when the animal is relaxed.
		Amphibians have a more developed circulatory system wherein the blood is pumped to the lungs and skin separately from the systemic system; the heart is divided into two atria and one partially divided ventricle, producing a double route.
		The bird’s circulatory system functions at high speed - while the human heart may beat 160 times per minute when the human is running, the heart of a small bird beats many times more per minute, depending on species and level of activity.
	www.wildlife-international.org /EN/rehab/care/anatomy/anatomy.html (1237 words)

	Circulatory system
		In zootomy, the circulatory system or cardiovascular system is the organ system which circulates blood around the body of most animals.
		The "double circulation" system of blood flow in the human body is divided into the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.
		This fluid is returned to the bloodstream via the lymphatic system, a system of vessels separate from the circulatory system and without a central pump.
	www.fact-index.com /c/ci/circulatory_system.html (1234 words)

	Systemic circulation Summary
		The flow of blood within the systemic circulatory system flows a rhythmic pattern of higher and lower pressure associated with systole and diastole in the cardiac cycle.
		Systemic circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.
		Oxygenated blood from the lungs leaves the left heart through the aorta, from where it is distributed to the body's organs and tissues, which absorb the oxygen, through a complex network of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries.
	www.bookrags.com /Systemic_circulation (771 words)

	XXX
		"heart" of the circulatory system, all the action is in the capillaries, and all other blood vessels merely assist them.
		The problem with such a system is that the heart must pump blood through two capillary beds, gills and body, necessitating high pressure.
		Another function of the lymphatic system is to transport lipids and molecules that are too large to cross the walls of capillaries, e.g., some hormones and large proteins.
	fajerpc.magnet.fsu.edu /Education/2010/Lectures/30_Circulatory.htm (1058 words)

	Cardiovasular System...MedicalGeo.com
		The circulatory system or cardiovascular system is the organ system which circulates blood around the body of most animals.
		The human circulatory system is comprised of the blood, the vascular system, and the heart.
		Humans have a double circulatory system which consists of separate but connecting circulations: the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.
	www.medicalgeo.com /cardiovasularsystem.html (1197 words)

	Circulatory system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An open system is an arrangement of internal transport present in some invertebrates like simple molluscs and arthropods in which circulatory fluid in a cavity called the hemocoel (also spelled haemocoel) bathes the organs directly and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid; this combined fluid is called hemolymph (also spelled haemolymph).
		The systems of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and that show various stages of evolution.
		An example of organisms without circulatory systems are the flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circulatory_system (1330 words)

	The Circulatory System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The circulatory system is the transportation system for the living organism.
		The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body, for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and for removing carbon dioxide and wastes from the cells.
		Systemic circulation carries blood between heart and rest of body.
	www.marymount.k12.ny.us:16080 /marynet/stwbwk04/04bio/emcirculatory/html/emcirculatory.html (325 words)

	Circulatory System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The circulatory system has more individual variation dm any other system, and is the first of all organ systems to become functional during development.
		The carotid system of tetrapods carries blood to the head and is derived from the third aortic arches.
		The purpose of the lymphatic system is to drain fluids that accumulate in the tissues and empty into the venous system.
	acad.udallas.edu /biology/Brown/Anatomy/13BCirculatory.html (2337 words)

	circulatory system of reptiles - 3rd reptile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Unevolvable Circulatory System by Brad Harrub, Ph.D. Circulatory System
		In amphibians and reptiles, a double circulatory system is used, but the heart is not always completely separated into two pumps.
		In amphibians and reptiles, a double circulation (double circulation: the double circulatory system of blood flow refers to the separate...
	reptile.nivsaako.info /dir1/circulatory-system-of-reptiles.html (339 words)

	Anatomy of Animals
		Circulatory - Nutrient molecules are passed by diffusion to the rest of the body from the cells of the gastrodermis.
		Circulatory - The heart of the snail is found on the left side and consists of one auricle and one ventricle (Figure 11).
		Circulatory - With the development of lungs, there is a change in the circulatory system.
	universe-review.ca /R10-33-anatomy.htm (14078 words)

	New Page 1
		The closed circulatory system of vertebrates consists of the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and blood.
		The circulatory system of the perch is a typical low pressure single type system in which the heart is a single pump and there is a single circuit of blood flow.
		The circulatory system of the rat typifies the high-pressure double circulatory system of mammals in which the heart is a double pump and there are two circuits of blood flow, systemic and pulmonary.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/16labman05/lb8pg11.htm (578 words)

	Re: Which types of animals do not have hearts? I can't quite remember.
		Though the circulatory system begins with simple diffusion and the gastrovascular cavity and seems to end with the four chambered mammalian heart, the development of different hearts in organisms is actually convergent evolution, the frog, worm, and human heart all developed separately and independently of each other.
		The development of these new veins lead to a great improvement in the performance of the circulatory system, since the blood being pumped to other tissues of the body could be pumped at a much higher pressure than if it were not returned to the heart at this stage.
		Because overall circulatory system is closed, in each full passage through the system, the same volume of blood has to move through the circulation path as through the much more extensive body circulation path.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/dec2000/976392399.Zo.r.html (1326 words)

	The Heart and the Circulatory System
		In the systemic circuit, blood leaves the heart through the aorta, goes to all the organs of the body through the systemic arteries, and then returns to the heart through the systemic veins.
		Without the four-chambered heart and double circuit circulatory system, mammals would not have been able to successfully evolve, for this type of circulation gave rise to the warm-bloodedness needed to out compete the slower responding reptiles.
		Our own circulatory system has evolved to feed large amounts of blood to our brains, letting the brain develop and evolve into the organ it is today.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEC/CC/heart_anatomy.html (3207 words)

	Circulatory System Resource Page - circulatory sytem
		A circulatory system (sometimes cardiovascular system) is an organ system that moves substances to and from cells; it can also help stabilize body temperature and pH (part of homeostasis).
		An open circulatory system is an arrangement of internal transport present in some invertebrates like mollusks and arthropods in which circulatory fluid in a cavity called the hemocoel (also spelled haemocoel) bathes the organs directly and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid; this combined fluid is called hemolymph (also spelled haemolymph).
		The main organs of the circulatory system are the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels.
	www.globalcpr.com /Circulatory_System.html (1116 words)

	OSSM Vertebrate Zoology
		The ventral heart, closed circulatory system, and distinct pulmonary and systemic components of the circulatory system allow for more efficient aquatic and terrestrial gas exchange and eventual circulation of oxygenated blood throughout the body.
		Therefore, a very efficient circulatory system (in addition to the presence of lungs) is needed to meet the demands of terrestrial life.
		All land vertebrates have a double circulatory system which allows oxygenated blood to be returned directly back to the heart before being pumped to the rest of the body.
	www.ossm.edu /biology/vzln1.htm (3006 words)

	Circulatory System
		Arthropods, like insects and spiders, have an open circulatory system, in which the blood is pumped forward by the heart, but then flows through the body cavity, directly bathing the internal organs.
		Vertebrates, like humans, have a closed circulatory system in which the blood stays in the circulatory system as it circulates, and chemicals are exchanged by diffusion.
		The two major exceptions, in which arteries are carrying deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs (to pick up oxygen there) and the umbilical arteries which carry deoxygenated blood away from the baby’s body to the placenta (to pick up oxygen there).
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio105/circulat.htm (2764 words)

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