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Topic: Double envelopment

	Chapter 5
		A close envelopment is a flanking maneuver that strikes BLUFOR units in their flank or rear at a relatively shallow depth.
		The goal of deep envelopment is either to attack the BLUFOR from the rear or to seize key-blocking positions thereby preventing the BLUFOR's withdrawal and ensuring its destruction.
		Forces carrying out close, deep, or double envelopments ordinarily maneuver in a march or prebattle formation when BLUFOR resistance is light enough not to require the use of battle formation.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/army/docs/st100-7/chapter05/C5I.htm (538 words)

	Double
		Consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs; "an egg with a double yolk"; "a double (binary) star"; "double doors"; "dual controls for pilot and copilot"; "duple (or double) time consists of two (or a multiple of two) beats to a measure".
		To double the degree; "she was doubly rewarded"; "his eyes were double bright".
		In baseball, a double is the act of a batter safely reaching second base by striking the ball and getting to second before being made out, without the benefit of a fielder's misplay (see error) or another runner being put out on a fielder's choice.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Do/Double.html (3161 words)

	Pincer movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pincer movement whereby the blue force doubly envelops the red force.
		The pincer movement (double envelopment) is a basic element of military strategy which has been used, to some extent, in nearly every war.
		The maneuver is mostly self-explanatory; the flanks of the opponent are attacked simultaneously in a pinching motion after the opponent has advanced towards the center of an army which is responding by moving its outside forces to the enemy's flanks, in order to surround it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pincer_movement (205 words)

	Blunders of the Civil War
		In single envelopment, the maneuver, using ground troops, is directed against one enemy flank or around one enemy flank to attack the rear.
		In double envelopment, two attacking groups of ground troops swing around the flanks of the enemy position either to attack the flanks directly or destroy targets in the rear primarily to disrupt communications or retreat, while a secondary or diversionary group attacks the enemy from the front.
		Double envelopment is also called "pincer movement" because of the shape of a pincer.
	www.dawodu.com /omoigui26.htm (2049 words)

	GLOSSARY
		A double envelopment occurs on both flanks and seeks to encircle and destroy the enemy force in position.
		Turning movement--an envelopment conducted on a broader scale, not seeking direct contact but aiming at some vital point well behind an enemy position (a base of operations or line of communication) which endangers that position and induces him to abandon it.
		Sometimes called a strategic envelopment as it seeks to alter the strategic situation by sealing off the enemy from his necessary support and force a retreat or even capitulation.
	staff.washington.edu /rhennes/GLOSSARY.htm (707 words)

	Battle of Marathon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since the bulk of Persian infantry were archers, the Greek plan was to advance in formation until they reached the limit of the archer's effectiveness, the "beaten zone," or roughly 200 yards, then advance in double time to close ranks quickly and bring their heavy infantry into play.
		The Persian advantage came from the bow that most of them carried (the advantage was partially cancelled by the superiority of Greek armor).
		The inadvertent result was a double envelopment, and the battle ended when the whole Persian army, crowded into confusion, broke back in panic towards their ships and were pursued by the Greeks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Marathon (1351 words)

	World War II Online HQ
		The envelopment is a combination flank-and-frontal attack especially favored by the Germans.
		The envelopment may be directed on either or both the enemy's flanks, and is accompanied by a simultaneous frontal attack to fix the enemy's forces.
		Success of the envelopment depends on the extent to which the enemy is able to dispose his forces in the threatened direction.
	www.hq.wwiionline.com /articles/german_attack_doc.shtml (2723 words)

	Definitions Of Civil War Terms
		Envelopment - The object of this offensive, directed against a flank of a fixed position, was to pour an enfilading fire along the enemy's line.
		A similar though longer-range operation was known as a Turning Movement, or Strategic Envelopment, in which the offensive was directed not against the enemy position itself but toward a point in its rear, compelling the enemy to leave his works and defend that point, making him more vulnerable.
		Most Civil War maneuvers were either envelopments or turning movements, since by 1861 the long-range accuracy of rifled small arms had rendered frontal assaults against fixed-especially entrenched-positions extremely costly.
	www.civilwarhome.com /terms.htm (3032 words)

	Duck Hepatitis B Virus Virion Secretion Requires a Double-Stranded DNA Genome -- Perlman and Hu 77 (3): 2287 -- The ...
		DNA synthesis was then frozen in its progression by the readdition of PFA, and the cells were maintained for an additional 2 days (d) in culture at 33°C in the presence of PFA to allow for the accumulation of secreted virions in the culture supernatants.
		The role of envelope proteins in hepatitis B virus assembly.
		Heterogeneous response for a mammalian hepadnavirus infection to acyclovir: drug-arrested intermediates of minus-strand viral DNA synthesis are enveloped and secreted from infected cells as virion-like particles.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/77/3/2287 (5505 words)

	Candadian Officer Explains How Outnumbered Tutsi Defeated The Hutu In Rwanda [Free Republic]
		The key to Tutsi's (Rwandese Patriotic Army) tactics was the double envelopment; a tactic which embraces the fundamentals of manoeuvre warfare.
		The double envelopment is seldom used in warfare, but when it has been successfully executed, the enemy force is ultimately annihilated.
		The double envelopment, properly executed, can succeed without the benefit of a traditional three to one superiority deemed essential for the more conventional and attritional attack we have adhered to in our doctrine in the recent past.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a397a16354784.htm (3937 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Operation Alsace: an envelopment to be executed in two thrusts, one originating east of Epinal and the other east of Montbeliard, the juncture to be made in the Vesoul area.
		In this the object would be the seizure of Liege and the envelopment of those enemy forces east of the Meuse in the sector roughly demarcated by Givet (on the Meuse) in the south, and Sittard (twenty miles northeast of Aachen) in the north.
		Rundstedt, on the other hand, hoped to deny the enemy the ability to mass for a counterthrust by employing a double envelopment, the two prongs of the attack moving simultaneously from their jump-off positions.
	history.acusd.edu /cdr2/BYRD/BATTLE_O/GREEN_BO/CHAP_02.TXT (5526 words)

	Primary Envelopment of Pseudorabies Virus at the Nuclear Membrane Requires the UL34 Gene Product -- Klupp et al. 74 ...
		We recently demonstrated that the envelope of perinuclear pseudorabies virus virions is morphologically distinct from that
		The mechanism and molecular basis for the envelopment and egress of herpesvirus particles are still largely unknown.
		PrV, VZV, and HCMV it was proposed that the primary envelope is
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/21/10063 (5693 words)

	FM 71-100-3 Chptr 3 Offensive Operations
		The division may assist in a corps double envelopment to pocket an enemy force.
		At least one axis must be a ground attack because an aerial double envelopment would not necessarily disrupt the coherence of an enemy's defensive scheme.
		The AASLT division cannot conduct an aerial double envelopment without substantial assault and medium assault reinforcements from the corps or JTF.
	globalsecurity.org /military/library/policy/army/fm/71-100-3/Ch3.htm (11392 words)

	TH 504-- GREAT CAMPAIGNS: 2ND PUNIC WAR AND CANNAE
		Their apparent defeat was key to the deception necessary to the success of the double envelopment.
		Thus, a double envelopment occurs when an attacking force is able to overlap both enemy flanks and exploit the enemy's rear area.
		At Cannae, once the Carthaginian cavalry successfully enveloped both Roman flanks, it was able to encircle the entire Roman force, allowing it to be annihilated where it stood.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Quarters/7229/th504.HTM (1115 words)

	Malkorax - The Tower of Chaos - Tactica Chaotica
		The Double Envelopment: (or Bull horns Formation) The Zulus used this formation very well against the British, Boers, and other tribes in their day.
		Just like the Single Envelopment, the wings move forward at speed, break through the flank protection of the enemy, and collapse in on the center.
		It is critical to this formation to time your charges, as attacking piecemeal from the double envelopment can result in a tactical failure.
	members.cox.net /malkorax/tacticachaotica2.html (2297 words)

	Military science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Military activity has been a constant process over thousands of years, and the essential tactics, strategy, and goals of military operations have been unchanging throughout history.
		As an example one notable maneuver is the double envelopment, considered to be the consummate military maneuver, first executed by Hannibal in the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC – over 2,200 years ago.
		By the study of history, the military seeks to not repeat past mistakes, and improve upon its current performance by instilling an ability in commanders to perceive historical parallels during battle, so as to capitalize on the lessons learned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_Science (2182 words)

	[No title]
		In the ensuring battle Scipico falls for the old Double Envelopment and the Roman army is wiped out.
		Marcellus wins the battle with a Double Envelopment and kills Hasdrubal and his last 3 combat units.
		Hannibil wins in the 11th round of Combat with a Double Envelopment causing 2 battle and 4 retreat casualties.
	grognard.com /reviews1/hannibal1.txt (2236 words)

	Japanese general staff and envelopment tactics
		They thought of envelopment tactics as the best and disregarded frontal assault as ineffective because of development in fire power.
		As being important the envelopment is possible on any phase in war.
		The most important factor to envelope was both to take the most crucial timing and to have troops concerned to cooperate.
	ww1.m78.com /english%20version/japanese%20general%20staff%20and%20envelopment%20tactics.html (1001 words)

	The American Thinker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In particular, Iran focused on those areas that controlled choke points of strategic waterways, and during the 90s, proceeded to conduct a double envelopment of the Arabian Peninsula.
		In April of 1992, Iran seized and fortified the island of Abu Musa, which is located in a position at the narrow mouth of the Persian Gulf allowing whoever occupied it to threaten, or to entirely close off the Gulf's primary oil shipping lane.
		First, it is the nearest major Saudi seaport to Europe and North America, and second, it is the terminus of a double pipeline from east to west across the country that pumps oil and gas from Jubail, which is on the Persian Gulf.
	www.americanthinker.com /articles_print.php?article_id=3725 (1015 words)

	Dr. Edward K. Wagner's Herpes Virus Research
		The envelopement of alpha herpesviruses is a complex process, and work by D.
		These primarily enveloped capsids then bud through the outer nuclear membrane where the primary envelope is lost.
		Final envelopment takes place as the mature capsids and associated tegument proteins bud into exocytotic vesicles, the membranes of which contain all the glycoproteins associated with the mature virions.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /%7Efaculty/wagner/hsv4f.html (1376 words)

	Battle of Dertosa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hasdrubal attempted a double envelopment, similar to that which his brother, Hannibal, executed the previous year at Cannae.
		He placed his heavy African foot on the wings, while the Spanish levies occupied the center of his battle line.
		Finally, a double envelopment is probably the riskiest of battle plans, promising total, annihilating victory or overwhelming defeat.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /dertosia.htm (244 words)

	Chapter 9: The November Battle for Metz (Concluded)
		On 22 October German intelligence issued a new appreciation and predicted a double envelopment in which it was estimated that the Americans could use three infantry and two armored divisions, with a total of 1,850 tanks.
		Division; a close-in envelopment south of Metz by the 5th Division; and a containing action west of the Moselle by the 95th Division, culminating in a final assault on both sides of the river.
		Since it has seemed logical to deal first with both envelopment phases of this operation, the scene now shifts from the attack in the northern sector to the 5th Division thrust on the southern wing of XX Corps.
	www.army.mil /cmh/books/wwii/lorraine/lorraine-ch09.html (10839 words)

	Major General Harold Edward Elliott
		In an independent command, Elliott demonstrated a flair for brilliant and innovative tactics, using single and double envelopments to drive the Germans out of their positions.
		His success brought further conflict with White, because Elliott worked to the ground rather that halting at straight lines on the map, and because double envelopment was a tactic that White had denounced before the war.
		Elliott immediately swung into action and organised a counter attack, based around his old favourite tactic, double envelopment.
	www.unsw.adfa.edu.au /~rmallett/Generals/elliott.html (2234 words)

	The Soviet Army Offensive: Manchuria, 1945
		Achieving tactical and strategic surprise, the Soviets launched a classic double envelopment along the Manchurian border on 9 August 1945.
		A double envelopment to quickly penetrate deep into Manchuria, encircle the Japanese Kwantung Army and defeat it in detail was the Soviet Army's mission.
		The second pincer of the double envelopment was formed by the 1st Far Eastern Front.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1986/RMF.htm (5500 words)

	Double Envelopment - whatbubble.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Since, unlike transistors, the productivity associated with building a new home doesn't double every 18 months (the good ol' hammer is still with us after all these years), the end does not appear to be in sight for this problem.
		There are some people that think that buying a house is the same as guaranteeing your entry into financial nirvana.
		His column, "Double Envelopment", will appear regularly at whatbubble.com.
	www.whatbubble.com /featured_columns/double_envelopment_2.html (1330 words)

	Military Strategy and Tactics
		The envelopment is a maneuver in which a secondary attack attempts to hold the enemy's center while one (single envelopment) or both flanks (double envelopment) of the enemy are attacked or overlapped in a push to the enemy's rear in order to threaten the enemy's communications and line of retreat.
		Turning maneuvers are indirect approaches that attempt to swing wide around an enemy's flank to so threaten an enemy's supply and communication lines that the enemy is forced to abandon a strong position or be cut off and encircled.
		World War I began with immense, rapid, national mobilizations and classical offensive maneuvers, but after mutual attempts at envelopment at and after the Battle of the Marne, stationary trench warfare ensued across a wide battlefront.
	www.molossia.org /milacademy/strategy.html (2023 words)

	The Battle of Nuremburg, 15-20 April 1945 - Storming Media
		Abstract: U.S. Seventh Army conducted a double envelopment, during the period 16-20 April 45, using the XV and XXI Corps, to isolate and eventually reduce the key political and communications center of Nuremburg.
		The German intent was to prevent the city's capture using all readily available manpower, to include armed civilians.
		(author) U.S. Seventh Army conducted a double envelopment, during the period 16-20 April 45, using the XV and XXI Corps, to isolate and eventually reduce the key political and communications center of Nuremburg.
	www.stormingmedia.us /47/4714/A471461.html (266 words)

	Boulder Games-StoreFront Product Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For the great majority of the Second Punic War it was Rome that was held at bay.
		As the name implies this game doesn't cover the world's most famous double envelopment, Cannae, that left the Romans cowering behind their walls for the rest of Hannibal's long vacation in Italy.
		It covers the end of the war, Scipio taking the war to Africa, leaving Hannibal in control of most of Italy but eventually drawing him back to his homeland for the final showdown at Zama.
	www.bouldergames.com /detail.asp?Product_id=0167 (119 words)

	[No title]
		Before the introduction of the bow long range firepower was provided by the thrown spear (sometimes with the help of an atlatl, a spearthrower that extended man's forearm and gave the spear more range, accuracy, and power).
		But the bow more than doubled the range of the spear, and since the arrow was so much smaller and easier to carry, it was possible to deliver a much greater volume of fire against the enemy.
		Neolithic cave paintings show warriors forming a line, firing on command, and marching in column behind a leader who was wearing a distinctive uniform that distinguished him from the rest of his troops.
	eserver.org /history/neolithic-war.txt (4309 words)

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