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Topic: Double majority

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Qualified Majority Voting

Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe

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Reverse engineering

	Majority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A majority is a subset of a group that is more than half of the entire group.
		A majority is more than 25.5, or 26; one more than half is 26.5, and since there must be at least that many votes on the winning side, and a half vote is not possible, that makes the requirement 27.
		Double majority - a majority of votes in a majority of states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Majority (369 words)

	Double majority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Double majority is used in the United States for some votes on issues such as a tax levy or bond.
		Double majorities are also frequently used in municipal annexations, wherein majorities of both the residents in the annexing territory, and the territory to be annexed, must support the annexation.
		In the European Union, double majority voting is a form of Qualified Majority Voting which is proposed in the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Double_majority (424 words)

	Venice Commission - Commission de Venise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There the necessary qualified majority is described as a majority of the total number of representatives claiming to belong to the communities not in the majority in the population of Macedonia“.
		Normally, when a simple majority is sufficient to pass a law, the decision of a working group accurately reflects the probably majority in the Assembly itself.
		In those (other) cases, however, in which a double majority is necessary, a simple decision based on a simple majority would be misleading insofar as the position of the relevant minority may not be accurately reflected.
	www.venice.coe.int /docs/2002/CDL-AD(2002)011-e.asp (1831 words)

	SCADPlus: A Constitution for Europe - The Union's decision-making procedures
		In its draft, the Convention proposed a completely new system of qualified majority voting known as "double majority": the majority of Member States and the majority of the population of the Union.
		A qualified majority is now achieved only if a decision is supported by 55% of Member States, including at least fifteen of them, representing at the same time at least 65% of the Union's population.
		Firstly, where the European Council or the Council of Ministers is not acting on a proposal of the Commission or on an initiative of the Union Minister for Foreign Affairs, the qualified majority is obtained with 72% of the Member States representing 65% of the population of the Union.
	europa.eu /scadplus/constitution/doublemajority_en.htm (1330 words)

	Bill Sizemore -- Keep the Double Majority Rule
		Here is what the Double Majority does: Under the Oregon Constitution, a measure that would increase property taxes must be approved by a majority of voters voting in an election in which at least fifty percent of the registered voters cast a ballot.
		Before the Double Majority passed, city councilors, county commissioners, and school board members would say out loud in their public meetings that their strategy was to place their tax increase on the ballot in a small special election, because they knew it wouldn’t pass in a high voter turn-out general election.
		Every time the Double Majority knocks out some tax increase, there is an eruption of protest from the pro-tax side, saying how undemocratic it is to let those who stay at home on election day nullify the vote of those who cast a ballot.
	www.newswithviews.com /Bill/sizemore43.htm (833 words)

	GLOSSARY of Specialist Words, Definitions and Constitutional Meanings
		Absolute majority is a supermajoritarian voting requirement which is stricter than a simple majority.
		Absolute majority voting is most often used to pass changes to constitutions or to bylaws in order to ensure that there is affirmative support for a proposal.
		A supermajority or a qualified majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level or type of support which exceeds a simple majority in order to have effect.
	www.cusdi.org /glossary.htm (3720 words)

	Mail Tribune - Editorials
		The double majority requirement is now law, and it's a bad one.
		The double majority rule, of course, was the brainchild of property tax foes.
		It's notable that the double majority portion of the 1996 initiative measure was buried deep in the measure and was little understood by voters, who previously roundly defeated a measure specifically written to impose just such a law.
	www.mailtribune.com /archive/98/may98/51298n7.htm (595 words)

	ABS Speeches - May 7 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This chart shows the percentage number of double hull tankers greater than 20,000 Dwt that are in the total tanker fleet, by age of vessel.
		Because of the double hull spaces surrounding the cargo tanks, there tends to be high humidity in the vapor spaces.
		Since double hull tankers have been in operation for a relatively short time, there is no reliable data on the life expectancy of various coatings.
	www.eagle.org /news/speeches/aimu.htm (2592 words)

	Bauman CLA project
		A trans double bond is most commonly introduced into a fatty acid chain during chemical processing of plant oils or by bacterial biohydrogenation in the first stomach (rumen) of ruminant animals.
		The majority of double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids found in nature are non-conjugated and separated by a single methylene group (CH2).
		The term conjugated indicates that two double bonds in the fatty acid carbon chain are separated by only a single bond and not a methylene group as is the case for non-conjugated bonds.
	www.ansci.cornell.edu /bauman/chemical_structures/index.htm (329 words)

	PAS Intermediate
		However, the vast majority of double or multiple star systems are stars that are gravitationally related.
		Some doubles such as Alcor and Mizar in Ursa Major are as wide as 12'.
		The observation of double stars is one area in which high magnification is used.
	www.astronomical.org /astbook/intdouble.htm (1172 words)

	Anthony de Jasay, A Tadpole Constitution, Part II: Library of Economics and Liberty
		It provides for “double majority” rule; a decision is carried if at least 50 per cent of the member states representing 60 per cent of the Union’s population vote for it.
		Like any majority rule, the double majority rule, albeit less brutal, is inconsistent with confederacy.
		Moreover, any likely majority under the 50-cum-60 rule is rose-tinted: it wants Union legislation to be more “social”, to enshrine more “workers’ rights” and make taxation more “equitable” by stopping member states from undercutting each other’s taxes to attract young talent, entrepreneurs, inventors, research centers and company head offices.
	www.econlib.org /library/Columns/y2003/JasaytadpoleII.html (1362 words)

	EUROPA - Glossary - Double majority
		For this reason, the Member States with the highest populations wanted to see a reweighting or double majority system which would ensure that a majority in the Council represented a majority not only of Member States but also of the population of the Union.
		The European Constitution currently being ratified provides for a new qualified majority system to enter into force from 1 November 2009, involving a majority both of the Member States and of the population.
		The qualified majority will be secured where there is a majority of 55% of the Member States (minimum 15) representing at least 65% of the Union's population.
	europa.eu /scadplus/glossary/double_majority_en.htm (313 words)

	JobShop.com Manufacturing Process Definition: Grinding - Double Disc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Double Disc Grinding is the grinding of two surfaces at the same time in one machine.
		Double disc gringers are manufactured in both vertical and horizontal types.
		The majority of double disc grinders are involved with workpieces for which equal or semiequal metal removal is required on two parallel, external surfaces.
	www.jobshop.com /techinfo/grindingdoublediscdef.shtml (137 words)

	Keep the quorum: Preserve the double-majority rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Article XI, section 11(8) of the Oregon Constitution states a second condition that must be met: "at least 50 percent of registered voters eligible to vote" must cast a ballot.
		This double majority requirement for tax measures placed on the primary year ballot still allows a minority-25 percent plus one-of eligible voters to impose their will on the majority.
		In the Oregon Senate 20 of 30 senators must be present; in the Oregon House it's 40 of 60 representatives.
	www.cascadepolicy.org /QP/QP0602-1.htm (332 words)

	Nordic Double Tax Treaty Offers Planning Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Countries have created networks of bilateral double tax treaties, among other reasons, so as to prevent the double taxation of individuals who are resident in one country but perform services in another.
		In contrast to the vast majority of double taxation treaties, which are bilateral, the NDTT is a multilateral double tax treaty.
		As the NDTT exempts double taxation on salary income by using the exemption with progression method, under some circumstances it may be possible to lower the overall tax burden by splitting salary between two countries.
	www.us.kpmg.com /microsite/tax/ies/tea/autumn2002/stories/sup08.htm (3228 words)

	News-Register.com
		We support amendment or elimination of Oregon's "double majority" law, which gives nonvoters special clout in local elections.
		McMinnville's park and recreation bonds, Dayton's law enforcement levy and a county road bond failed because a majority (plus one) of those entitled to vote couldn't be bothered to do so.
		The double majority went before the voters only as an obscure attachment to the undeniable appeal of putting a lid on property tax increases.
	www.newsregister.com /news/story.cfm?story_no=191998 (356 words)

	The Golan Heights and the Facts - A Special Majority and a Referendum: Democracy Bolstering Mechanisms
		De Gaulle claimed that a simple majority would represent a minority of eligible voters, failing to generate broad support, giving rise to a large and embittered opposition, and sowing discord in the nation.
		The "double majority" is equivalent to 60-65% of the legislatures.
		Whereas a narrow majority for ratification of an ordinary law may cause a reversible, a narrow majority for a change in the status of the Golan could cause an irreversible damage.
	www.gamla.org.il /english/article/2000/march/ler5.htm (894 words)

	Embassy of France in the US - European Affairs
		The main issue discussed was the double majority, which Brian Cowen is working on by making adjustments.
		I therefore signalled that France might be willing to shift her position on the voting system given that everyone, with maybe one reservation, now approves the double majority principle, which wasn’t the case in December.
		The double majority — 50% of the States, 60% of the population — is a system which, I said to my colleagues, is efficient, simple and fair.
	info-france-usa.org /news/statmnts/2004/barnier_igc052404.asp (1030 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		SJR 14, a referral to the voters, would eliminate the double majority and restrict property tax measures to the November election in an even-numbered year and to the May election in any year, resulting in three election opportunities in a two year period.
		My concern with the double majority is that it vests with an indifferent minority greater weight than the majority.
		The levy received the majority of votes in all three elections, but not a double majority.
	home.comcast.net /~sen.frankmorse/newlet/newsletter4-22.htm (1236 words)

	Should a majority of VOTERS be sufficient? - Sean Hannity Discussion
		To pass, a property tax proposal must (obviously) carry a majority of voters, but the number of total voters must constitute a majority of registered voters for the tax to pass.
		Seems to me, the "majority wins" concept has always been "a majority of the people who actually bothered to show up and vote".
		I think a simple majority makes it too easy to raise taxes, and most taxes, once initiated or raised, are rarely repealed or reduced.
	www.hannity.com /forum/showthread.php?t=73042 (864 words)

	Mail Tribune Online Edition - Opinion - April 19, 2005
		Included in the measure was the "double majority" requirement that tax measures could be approved only if at least 50 percent of eligible voters cast ballots.
		In fact, a separate measure that same year containing only the double majority rule was soundly defeated.
		We object to the double majority rule primarily because voters can torpedo a tax measure simply by not casting a ballot.
	www.mailtribune.com /archive/2005/0419/edit/edit.htm (378 words)

	OREGON'S DOUBLE MAJORITY
		The double majority is broken and we should fix it.
		During the past two legislative sessions, a bipartisan group of legislators introduced a resolution to reform Oregon's double-majority rule by allowing a simple majority of voters to pass local options and bonds in May and November elections.
		A majority of the House Revenue Committee and at least 40 House members supported the legislation.
	www.oregonlive.com /commentary/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/editorial/1148329509261710.xml&coll=7 (524 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Under that system, all decisions that affect the Albanian minority must not only be approved by the majority of all members of parliament, but also by the majority of all ethnic Albanian lawmakers.
		However, both Sekerinska and SDSM Deputy Chairman and Defense Minister Vlado Buckovski agree that legal experts have to explain whether a double majority is necessary for the referendum.
		And although the basic principles for the union were agreed in early 2002, it took roughly one year of haggling before the legal basis was set for the joint state to come into being in 2003.
	www.rferl.org /reports/balkan-report/2004/08/31-270804.asp (1760 words)

	Double Dragon Advance
		However, while it’s technically an original creation, it borrows heavily from the original Double Dragon arcade and NES games, and even has a bit of Double Dragon 2 near the end, so for those who were around for those classics, a lot is going to seem familiar.
		For the newer gamers and those who missed out on the previous games, Double Dragon is a side-scrolling beat-em-up, and the intrigue of the gameplay lies in the vast number of special moves possible.
		I know it would suck to have limited usage of your best moves, and I also know that the majority of Double Dragon games simply started you off with everything, but it seems like an update to the NES classic’s system could have been great.
	www.gametour.com /site/review.php/title/797 (1586 words)

	SARPN - General (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A complementary option would be to require a double majority for decisions requiring a special majority (ie more than 70 or 85 per cent in agreement).
		The majorities of both developed and developing countries should be in favour for a decision to be accepted.
		A vote requires that a majority (60 per cent) of the total number of participants in the GEF must be in favour as well as a majority (60 per cent) of contributions to the fund (Woods 1998).
	www.sarpn.org.za /documents/d0000527/page4.php (2061 words)

	Golan Heights Full Page Ad (Ariel Center For Policy Research) April, 2000
		In 1946 the Constitution of the Fourth Republic was approved by a majority of 53% to 47%; this meant that only 36% of the eligible electorate voted in favor, 33% against, and 31% abstained.
		A special majority helps maintain a system of checks and balances, constitutes a containment mechanism (checking the Executive) and an instrument safeguarding (for the benefit of the minority) against hasty legislation that is enacted by a slim, tenuous, or fortuitous majority.
		An ordinary majority enables cynical exploitation of the government's resources (appointments, personal vehicles, and other perks to political marriages of convenience) and of transient moods, such as: exasperation (over a terrorist attack), euphoria (over the signing of an agreement), or temporary depression, to determine an issue that is irreversible and of crucial, long-term significance.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/apr00/acpr1.htm (1126 words)

	.: Albany Democrat-Herald :. Archives
		Oregon's double majority requirement does not apply to Measure 30 even though the ballot proposition would slightly raise property tax payments for some people, a state official says.
		Since the adoption of Measure 50 in 1997, elections raising the property tax require a turnout of at least 50 percent, along with a majority of yes votes.
		Ruth Bendl, a Portland political activist, asked the state this month why the ballot for Measure 30 did not include a notice of the double majority requirement.
	www.dhonline.com /articles/2004/01/23/news/local/news04.txt (364 words)

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