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Topic: Double negation

	Double negative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In literature, denying a negation is known as the trope of litotes.
		In Slovenian, much like in many other Slavic languages, double negation is a correct form, though sometimes causing confusion as to whether the positive or the negative is meant by a given (ambiguous) sentence.
		Double negatives are perfectly correct in Ancient Greek, sometimes expressing an affirmation, sometimes strengthening the negation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Double_negation (1299 words)

	Negation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In classical logic, double negation means affirmation; i.e., the statements p and ~(~p) are logically equivalent.
		In grammar, negation is the process that turns an affirmative statement (I am the walrus) into its opposite denial (I am not the walrus).
		Usage prescriptivists consider this use of double negatives to be a solecism, and condemn it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negation (1160 words)

	Double negative -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A double negative occurs when two or more ways to express (The speech act of negating) negation are used in the same (A string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language) sentence.
		Although they are not used in standard English, double negatives are used in (additional info and facts about African American Vernacular English) African American Vernacular English, and the London (The nonstandard dialect of natives of the east end of London) Cockney and East Anglian dialects and less frequently, but still commonly, in colloquial English.
		In (A native of Slovenia) Slovene, much like in many other Slavic languages, double negation is a correct form, though sometimes causing confusion as to whether the positive or the negative is meant by a given (ambiguous) sentence.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/do/double_negative.htm (997 words)

	double negation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A double negative occurs when two or more ways to express negation are used in same sentence.
		Romance languages generally express negation by adding a word (ne in French, no in Spanish, não in Portuguese) to the verb and zero or more words elsewhere to indicate what part of the sentence is negated.
		In Serbian, double negative is correct while single negative is grammatical error.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Double_negation.html (451 words)

	August Thalheimer: Introduction to Dialectical Materialism - Chapter 1: Dialectics II
		The negation of a thing from which the change proceeds, however, is in turn subject to the law of the transformation of things into their opposites.
		Through the process of double negation new qualities and a new form emerge, a form in which the original qualities are retained and enhanced.
		If the expression, law of the negation of the negation, sounds strange to you, you may also use the expression, law of the creation of the new out of the old, which is quite simple.
	www.marxists.org /archive/thalheimer/works/diamat/11.htm (3108 words)

	Negation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Negation, in its most basic sense, changes the truthvalue of a statement to its opposite.
		In grammar, negation is the process that turns an affirmativestatement (I am the walrus) into its opposite denial (I am not thewalrus).
		Usage prescriptivists consider this useof double negatives to be a solecism, and condemn it.
	www.therfcc.org /negation-35033.html (487 words)

	ECCo
		Double negation is one of the phenomena which clearly distinguish SL from Standard or "Common Swahili".
		Double negation in SL has been developed through internal structural expansion in the context of creolization and not because of interference.
		Double negation of this type is also a structural element of Afrikaans and the Portuguese based creoles of the Golf of Guinea.
	www.univie.ac.at /ecco/kreo-lumbum.htm (713 words)

	Negation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In classical logic double negation means affirmation; i.e.
		In grammar negation is the process that turns an statement (I am the walrus) into its opposite denial (I am not the walrus).
		Other languages have simpler forms of negation; Latin simple negation is a matter of the negative particles non or ne to the verb.
	www.freeglossary.com /Negation (736 words)

	double negation elimination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In logic and the propositional calculus, double negative elimination is a rule that states that double negatives can be removed from a proposition without changing its meaning:
		This rule is true in classical logic, but in intuitionistic logic, the statement, It's not the case that it's not raining.
		In naive set theory also we have the negation operation of the complement which obeys this property: a set A and a set A (where A' represents the complement of A) are the same.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Double_negation_elimination.html (177 words)

	Official List of Rules and Theorems
		Notice that an ``introduction'' rule is a rule for proving a goal with the appropriate top-level connective or quantifier, while an ``elimination'' rule is a rule for using a premise or previous conclusion with that the appropriate top-level connective.
		Negation basic rules P P and ~P ~P ---------- negation elimination -------- negation elimination Q Q Either form is OK. G, P - Q and ~Q ---------------- negation introduction G - ~P If you don't like the - notation, here's the box format: G (all your earlier knowledge) Goal: ~P
		Q and ~Q (however you prove this) ~P negation introduction, previous box Double Negation These are derived rules, but they are really part of our basic toolbox.
	math.boisestate.edu /~holmes/M387syllabus/node46.html (1231 words)

	HYLE 5-1 (1999): Atomism and the Reasoning by a Non-Classical Logic
		a double negated sentence, which (and that is the fundamental point) is not equivalent to the related positive one.
		Dalton’s reasoning by means of a double negated statement was the same as Lavoisier’s on the same subject.
		A).[29] Thus, in cases where the double negation law does not hold, as apparently in Avogadro’s paper, the result of a reductio ad absurdum is a DNS.
	www.hyle.org /journal/issues/5/drago.htm (4421 words)

	Double Negation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All your ideas about double negation might be great in your mind (because you're the one who came up with it), but anyone who has to maintain your code will doubtfully fully understand your "intention" at first.
		The whole purpose of a general-purpose negation operator is to specifically remove the need to implement two versions of every function.
		A double negative is a primordial grammatical sin.
	weblogs.asp.net /okloeten/archive/2004/04/14/113009.aspx (2528 words)

	Double Negation Introduction and Elimination ~~I and ~~E (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Double negation elimination (~~E) enables you to move from a sentence ~~p to p.
		2 is not as it stands the negation of the consequent of 1.
		However 3 is the negation of the consequent of 1.
	www.thelogiccourse.com /bluestorm/dnset.html (112 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In de Swart and Sag (2002), we proposed a semantics of double negation and negative concord in terms of polyadic quantification.
		Unlike previous accounts around in the literature, this approach is not rooted in syntactic differences between double negation and negative concord languages, or in lexical differences between English type negative quantifiers like nobody and Romance type n-words like nadie.
		The main contribution we make in this paper is the proposal to view typological differences between the expression of negation in languages in terms of the balance between syntax and semantics, and model this in terms of the interaction between a set of soft, violable constraints in a version of bi-directional Optimality Theory.
	www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be /hpsg2004/papers/negotleuvenabs.doc (668 words)

	ipedia.com: Double negative Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In standard English, double negatives are not used; for example the standard English equivalent of "I don't want nothing!" is "I don't want anything".
		Today the double negative is usually the mark of an uneducated speaker.
		Chaucer made extensive use of double negatives in his poetry, sometimes even triple negatives.
	www.ipedia.com /double_negative.html (664 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Negation and negative indefinite pronouns raise well-known problems for the principle of compositionality of meaning.
		We define three basic constraints that handle the marking and interpretation of negation: MaxNeg (mark arguments of a negative chain), Neg (avoid negation* in the output), and InterpretNeg (interpret negative expressions as contributing a negation).
		We will define additional constraints NegFirst (negation must be preverbal) and MaxSN (a negative clause must contain a marker of sentential negation) that play a role in the generation of negative sentences in a concord system, but that do not affect the interpretation of these sentences.
	www.illc.uva.nl /dip/past-lectures/dip230404.html (355 words)

	deSwart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		More specifically, we argue that double negation languages and negative concord languages involve the same constraints in production and interpretation, but rank them differently in a bidirectional grammar.
		A typology of negation is the result of this setup of the syntax-semantics interface.
		The expression and interpretation of negation in natural language is thus an example of the explanatory force of bi-directional OT.
	www.cog.jhu.edu /Colloquia/deSwart.htm (345 words)

	Logic Programming Course -- Negation
		Negation in logic is a standard unary operation that evaluates to true when its argument is false and to false otherwise.
		Although at first glance this interpretation of the semantics of this predicate might appear similar to negation in logic, in actual fact it implements a different form of negation known as negation as failure.
		Hence, in logic programming unlike in first order logic, the double negation of a predicate is not equivalent that predicate.
	www.cs.sfu.ca /CC/SW/Prolog/Notes/negation.html (467 words)

	Meaning and Argument
		3, no. 7: change from "double negation ~~E" to "single negation ~E", and change the dictionary to "E: Someone had nothing to eat".
		(Treating the statement as a double negation would mean treating "noone had nothing to eat" and equivalent to "someone had something to eat", but the two sentences do not have the same meaning.)
		the negation of "Until Bill leaves, Frank can pay", which, unlike in no. 16, is a perfectlt acceptable sentence.
	ruccs.rutgers.edu /~logic/MAerrata.html (609 words)

	Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In this study, African American English (AAE)-speaking children's comprehension of 2 different types of double negative sentences was examined and contrasted with that of a comparison group of Standard American English (SAE)-speaking children.
		The first type of double negative, negative concord, involves 2 negative elements in a sentence that are interpreted together as single negation.
		The second type of double negative, called true double negation, involves 2 negatives that are interpreted as independent negatives.
	www.asha.org /about/publications/journal-abstracts/jslhr/47/01?articleabstract=212 (315 words)

	ABC Radio National - Lingua Franca Transcript - October 10, Giving Up on Double Negation
		Geoff Pullum: One of the things I've decided as I've worked ten hours a day for the past six weeks on the chapter about negation for The Cambridge Grammar of English is that nobody knows what the term 'double negation' is supposed to refer to.
		So one of the things you have to watch out for is that the two negatives might be negating the content of two quite different clauses or phrases, and getting rid of them might leave something that isn't even similar to what the original said.
		There is in fact only one negation in 'I didn't see nuffink', as used by Cockneys or working-class Australians or fl Americans or anyone else who uses this device.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/arts/ling/stories/lf981010.htm (1878 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Every locale A has a smallest dense perfect sublocale, which is spatial if A is. It is obtained by the perfect coreflection of the double negation nucleus.
		And every locale has a smallest dense sublocale, induced by the double negation nucleus, as it is well known.
		Meanwhile it is available at http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/mhe/pub/papers/injective.ps.gz) -------------------------- Some questions to finish: -------------------------- Perfect double negation on the topology of a space removes the partial points of the space in many cases.
	www.mta.ca /~cat-dist/catlist/1999/perfect-double-neg (866 words)

	DN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Double negation allows you to simply drop negations when you negate an expression which is already negated.
		The expression ~(~p · ~ q) is not a double negation.
		The expression inside the parenthese is not a negation; it is a conjunction in which each conjunct is negated.
	www.loyno.edu /~folse/DN.html (129 words)

	Citations: Generalised Ortho Negation - Dunn (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		J. Michael Dunn mentions a claim of mine to the e ect that there is no condition on perp frames equivalent to the holding of double negation elimination A A. That claim is wrong.
		I will recount the essential details of these models for negation here before we look at the behaviour of inference patterns such as double negation elimination.
		On this proposal negation is taken to act in situations rather like necessity or possibility does in possible worlds.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/92953/0 (785 words)

	a paper on -autonomous categories and linear logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)*
		Dear colleagues, The following short paper Coherence of the Double Involution on *-Autonomous Categories by J.R.B. Cockett, M. Hasegawa and R.A.G. Seely available from the authors' pages http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~hassei/papers/#STAR http://www.math.mcgill.ca/rags/ might be of some interest for those woking on proof theory/type theory and semantics of Linear Logic.
		This raises the questions whether -autonomous categories do not, after all, provide an accurate semantic model for these proof nets and whether there could be semantically non-identical proofs (or morphisms), which must be identified in any system which assumes a type is identical to its double* negation.
		Fortunately, there is no such semantic gap: in this paper we provide a "coherence theorem" for the double involution on *-autonomous categories, which tells us that there is no difference between the up-to-identity approach and the up-to-isomorphism approach, as far as this double-negation problem is concerned.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /~sweirich/types/archive/1999-2003/msg01325.html (282 words)

	On Replacement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It says that any occurrence of a given sentence may be replaced by an occurrence of its double negation; any occurrence of a sentence,
		It also says that any occurrence of the double negation of a given sentence may be replaced by an occurrence of that sentence; therefore, any occurrence of
		Finally, what holds here of the replacement rule of double negation, also holds of the other SD+ rules of replacement.
	www.lawrence.edu /dept/philosophy/research/ryckmant/on.htm (131 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Infinity
		Since it denies all bounds -- which are themselves negations -- it is a double negation, hence an affirmation, and expresses positively the highest unsurpassable reality.
		But what he means to say is this: "Finite is that, besides which something else can exist; infinite therefore is that only which includes all things in itself." This definition is false.
		Determination is limitation in those cases only where it excludes any further possible perfection, as for example, the determination of a surface by a geometrical figure; but it is no limitation, if it adds further reality, and does not exclude, but rather requires a new perfection, as for example, the determination of substance by rationality.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08004a.htm (3273 words)

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