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Topic: Double precision

	Double precision - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A double precision number, sometimes simply a double, may be defined to be an integer, fixed point, or floating point.
		Double precision floating point is an IEEE 754 standard for encoding floating point numbers that uses 8 bytes.
		With the 52 bits of the fraction appearing in the memory format the total precision is therefore 53 bits (approximately 16 decimal digits).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Double_precision (281 words)

	Double - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Double is sometimes used to refer to a person who could be a twin, a body double, or an impersonator.
		Double were a Swiss pop duo (from Zürich) that had their biggest hit in 1986 with "The Captain of Her Heart".
		Double is an unincorporated community in Stokes County, North Carolina.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Double (246 words)

	Double Precision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The simulation state is stored in a double precision format while all input and output is done in single precision.
		For large models the double precision version of Vensim essentially takes twice the memory, so it should be used with discretion.
		External functions and compiled simulations require special care with the double precision version of Vensim and this is discussed in Chapters 8 and 10.
	www.vensim.com /documentation/html/24350.htm (195 words)

	3.7 Double-precision Floating-point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The standard defines the encoding for the double-precision floating- point data type "double" (64 bits or 8 bytes).
		double identifier; +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ byte 0byte 1byte 2byte 3byte 4byte 5byte 6byte 7
		Just as the most and least significant bytes of a number are 0 and 3, the most and least significant bits of a double-precision floating- point number are 0 and 63.
	www.freesoft.org /CIE/RFC/1832/10.htm (202 words)

	lapack/double
		gams d4b1 file dspgv.f dspgv.f plus dependencies prec double for Computes all eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a generalized, symmetric-definite generalized eigenproblem, Ax= lambda, Bx, ABx= lambda x, or BAx= lambda x, where A and B are in packed, storage.
		gams d4b1 file dspgvd.f dspgvd.f plus dependencies prec double for Computes all eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a generalized, symmetric-definite generalized eigenproblem, Ax= lambda, Bx, ABx= lambda x, or BAx= lambda x, where A and B are in packed, storage.
		gams d4a1 file dspgvx.f dspgvx.f plus dependencies prec double for Computes selected eigenvalues, and optionally, eigenvectors of, a generalized symmetric-definite generalized eigenproblem, Ax= lambda, Bx, ABx= lambda x, or BAx= lambda x, where A and B are in packed, storage.
	www.netlib.org /lapack/double (4427 words)

	What is double precision? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Refers to a type of floating-point number that has more precision (that is, more digits to the right of the decimal point) than a single-precision number.
		The word double derives from the fact that a double-precision number uses twice as many bits as a regular floating-point number.
		The exact amount by which the precision and range of magnitudes are increased depends on what format the program is using to represent floating-point values.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/D/double_precision.html (160 words)

	[No title]
		On the other hand, if double precision is used, the mantissa of the operand is correct to full precision, so that the round-to-nearest operation favors (in this case) the next larger representable number, which is larger than the nearest integer.
		Use of double precision mode should probably be employed only when modification of the source code is impractical.
		In glibc-2.1, there are long double versions of most if not all of the math functions, suffixed with an 'l', i.e., sinl, expl, etc. There is no mention of this in the man pages on RH 6.0, but the info file for glibc describes these extensions.
	www.wrcad.com /linux_numerics.txt (1608 words)

	Eric Fleegal's WebLog
		If double-precision is the native precision, the extra cost of narrowing results to single-precision MAY be quite highâ¦ much higher, in fact, than the cost associated with the memory overhead of doubles (cache misses etc).
		Under fp:fast semantics, the compiler is allowed to ignore the precision narrowing implication of the assignment operation on line 3; this relaxation of the narrowing rule permits the optimizer to enregister the variable result.
		Higher precision expression would have to be emulated, so “register double” and “register long double” would map to the formats of the emulated expressions.
	blogs.msdn.com /ericflee (4613 words)

	Double Precision Numbers
		Yes, but what you made a double precision number, was a floaing point number with just seven decimal places of significance.
		What you probably wanted to do, was make the number 9999.9 a double precision number (with 14 decimal places of significance) from the start.
		For example, some people, when they are creating a double precision array, will assign a "D" to the first value in the array, thinking that this will make all the values in the array double precision.
	www.dfanning.com /math_tips/double.html (446 words)

	double precision
		I was thinking to create a double in Blitz by creating a bank of 8 bytes in order to store the value, and then call a dll in order to operate on the value.
		In that way it should be possible to store a double in Blitz without ever converting it to a float, and keeping the precision by doing all operations in an external dll.
		In the end also call a function in the dll to convert double to float to be able to operate on it in Blitz.
	www.blitzbasic.com /Community/posts.php?topic=49299 (507 words)

	Homepage for UCB BLAST Forum Activities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This library of routines is part of a reference implementation for the Dense and Banded BLAS routines, along with their Extended and Mixed Precision versions, as documented in Chapters 2 and 4 of the BLAS Technical Forum Standard.
		An existing quadruple precision format could be used to implement Extra precision, but we cannot assume that the language or compiler supports any format wider than Double.
		We have designed all our routines assuming that single precision arithmetic is actually done in IEEE single precision (32 bits) and that double precision arithmetic is actually done in IEEE double precision (64 bits).
	crd.lbl.gov /~xiaoye/XBLAS (1904 words)

	DOUBLE, DOUBLE PRECISION and REAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The p is the precision, or the total number of digits.
		The s is the scale, or the number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
		DOUBLE without arguments stands for a double-precision floating-point number.
	www.ispirer.com /doc/sqlways38/Output/SQLWays-1-193.html (58 words)

	Glossary: Double Precision \| Sweetwater.com
		A double precision number, sometimes called a double, may be an integer, fixed point, or floating point.
		The term double precision is not truly accurate because the "precision" is not really double.
		The word "double" simply means that a double-precision number uses twice as many bits as a regular floating-point number.
	www.sweetwater.com /expert-center/glossary/t--DoublePrecision (176 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Most compilers support setting the precision control to either double precision rounding (53-bit mantissa, 64-bit rounding) or extended precision rounding (64-bit mantissa, 80-bit rounding) once in a code with little support for extended precision variables.
		The next 3 primitives (square root, assignment and reciprocal) have only two arguments and are of the format: xsqrt_YY__ (a, b) does a = sqrt(b) xset_YY__ (a, b) does a = b xrecip_YY__ (a, b) does a = 1/ b Unlike the first set of primitives, not all combinations are present for xsqrt and xrecip.
		It does a dot product and is of the format xddot(n, x, y, sum) where it is assumed that x and y are double precision vectors of length n and increment one, and this stores the result as an 80-bit number sum.
	www.cs.utk.edu /~ghenry/distrib/ext_docu (447 words)

	Specyfing double precision - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums
		The problem with this is that doubles have a larger range than integers.
		Posted - 9/17/2004 6:15:30 PM The problem with this is that double precision cannot accurately represent pretty much any decimal number that isnt a whole number.
		This problem also exists in a fixed point scheme that uses a fixed power-of-two exponent (basically, double precision floats use the same technique as power-of-two fixed point, but also store an exponent which indicates what power of two is being used)
	www.gamedev.net /community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=271001 (850 words)

	Double Precision Manufacturing - Home Page
		Since 1985, Double Precision Manufacturing has earned the trust of purchasing agents, engineers, and planners from high-tech companies in the Silicon Valley to produce the finest, most technologically advanced assembled units and component parts available.
		The assemblies and parts that we manufacture exhibit the fine craftsmanship associated with 'old world' trades as well as the performance and functionality that new world technological achievements demand.
		Double Precision Manufacturing practices TQM across the entire manufacturing process and is ISO 9001:2000 compliant.
	www.doubleprecision.net (236 words)

	What do you prefer: real(8) or double precision and why? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		That is, a kind value of 8 may be equivalent to double precision with one compiler, but not with another.
		Using double precision in that case will be a 128-bit real, which will just make everything bigger and slower.
		You don't have to worry about whether that is single or double precision or about what the particular kind number for it is; this will work with ALL f90 compilers that support a real at least that big (which is all f90 compilers that exist now or are ever likely to).
	www.codecomments.com /message265080.html (2405 words)

	What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic
		Guard digits were considered sufficiently important by IBM that in 1968 it added a guard digit to the double precision format in the System/360 architecture (single precision already had a guard digit), and retrofitted all existing machines in the field.
		IEEE 754 single precision is encoded in 32 bits using 1 bit for the sign, 8 bits for the exponent, and 23 bits for the significand.
		In the case of single precision, where the exponent is stored in 8 bits, the bias is 127 (for double precision it is 1023).
	docs.sun.com /source/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html (8200 words)

	IA-64 Floating-Point Operations and the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic
		Three floating-point formats described in the IEEE Standard are implemented as required: single precision (M=8, N=24), double precision (M=11, N=53), and double-extended precision (M=15, N=64).
		The floating-point format used in a given computation is determined by the floating-point instruction (some instructions have a precision control completer pc specifying a static precision) or by the precision control field (pc), and by the widest-range exponent (wre) bit in the Floating-Point Status Register (FPSR).
		In memory, floating-point numbers can only be stored in single precision, double precision, double-extended precision, and register file format ('spilled' as a 128-bit entity, containing the value of the floating-point register in the lower 82 bits).
	support.intel.com /technology/itj/q41999/articles/art_6c.htm (1068 words)

	DOUBLE PRECISION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The DOUBLE PRECISION data type provides 8-byte storage for numbers using IEEE floating-point notation.
		DOUBLE can be used synonymously with DOUBLE PRECISION.
		An exception is thrown when any double value is calculated or entered that is outside of these value ranges.
	db.apache.org /derby/docs/dev/ref/rrefsqljdoubleprecision.html (133 words)

	High-Precision Software Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This package supports a flexible, arbitrarily high level of numeric precision -- the equivalent of hundreds or even thousands of decimal digits (up to approximately ten million digits if needed).
		One enters expressions in a Mathematica-style syntax, and the operations are performed using the ARPREC package, with a level of precision that can be set from 100 to 1000 decimal digit accuracy.
		This package supports an arbitrarily high level of numeric precision -- the equivalent of hundreds or even thousands of decimal digits (up to approximately ten million digits if needed).
	crd.lbl.gov /~dhbailey/mpdist (939 words)

	FLSO619DA Users' Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In other routine documents, the example programs are in single precision and require modification for use with double precision routines.
		For this double precision implementation, the bold italicised terms used in the NAG Fortran Library Manual should be interpreted as:
		To convert this name to its double precision form, change the first character either from S to D or C to Z as appropriate.
	www.nag.co.uk /doc/inun/fl19/so6da-un.html (1585 words)

	Java Forums - double precision catastrophic
		I already know the inprecise nature of double and float datatypes in Java and use BigDecimal objects when it comes to divisions.
		the precision "issue" is not limited to multiplication or division.
		Of course, it's not the fault of the computer because even with it's natural barriers of precision, such a simple calculation should be no problem to any language.
	forum.java.sun.com /thread.jspa?threadID=618476 (1600 words)

	The IEEE standard for floating point arithmetic
		This standard specifies how single precision (32 bit) and double precision (64 bit) floating point numbers are to be represented, as well as how arithmetic should be carried out on them.
		The IEEE single precision floating point standard representation requires a 32 bit word, which may be represented as numbered from 0 to 31, left to right.
		The IEEE double precision floating point standard representation requires a 64 bit word, which may be represented as numbered from 0 to 63, left to right.
	www.psc.edu /general/software/packages/ieee/ieee.html (495 words)

	Java 2 Platform SE v1.3.1: Class Double
		Returns the value of this Double as a byte (by casting to a byte).
		object that represents a double that has the identical bit pattern to the bit pattern of the double represented by this object.
		The argument is considered to be a representation of a floating-point value according to the IEEE 754 floating-point "double precision" bit layout.
	java.sun.com /j2se/1.3/docs/api/java/lang/Double.html (1642 words)

	[No title]
		* * E (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N) * On entry, the elements of E contain the * offdiagonal elements of the bidiagonal matrix whose SVD * is desired.
		* * B (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB, N) * On entry, the second of the pair of matrices whose * generalized eigenvalues and (optionally) Schur vectors are * to be computed.
		* * B (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB, N) * On entry, the second of the pair of matrices whose * generalized eigenvalues and (optionally) generalized * eigenvectors are to be computed.
	lush.sourceforge.net /lush-manual/cd8af9e1.html (13792 words)

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