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	Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haig returned to India in 1903 as a Colonel and inspector of general cavalry.
		Haig helped found the British Expeditionary Force and in 1914 he was promoted to Lieutenant General and placed in command of the 1st Army Corps.
		Haig died in 1928 and is buried at Dryburgh Abbey.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Douglas_Haig (474 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Sir Douglas Haig
		Sir Douglas Haig (1861-1928), the most controversial of the war generals, was born in Edinburgh on 19 June 1861.
		Haig was pressured to bring forward the original attack date from August so as to relieve the heavy casualties experienced by the French at Verdun, which the Germans had been bombarding since early in the year.
		Haig dedicated the remainder of his life to service in the Royal British Legion (which he helped to establish), caring for the welfare of the troops who served under him during the war.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/haig.htm (754 words)

	Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, KT, GCB, OM, GCVO, KCIE (June 19, 1861 - January 28, 1928) was a British soldier and senior commander during World War I.
		Following relative successes at Battle of Mons and Ypres (1st Battle of Ypres), Haig was promoted to full General and made second-in-command of the British forces in France under Sir John French.
		Haig died in 1928 at the age of 66, and is buried at Dryburgh Abbey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig (555 words)

	Douglas Haig
		Douglas Haig, the son of John Haig, the head of the successful whisky distilling company, was born in Edinburgh in 1861.
		Haig cannot enter the small circle of the greater captains, but it may be argued that in the special circumstances of the campaign his special qualities were the ones most needed - patience, sobriety, balance of temper, unshakable fortitude.
		Haig failed to comprehend that the policy of "attrition" or in plain English, "killing Germans" until the German army was worn down and exhausted, was not only wasteful and, intellectually, a confession of impotence; it was also extremely dangerous.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWhaig.htm (3330 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Douglas Haig (June 19, 1861 - January 28, 1928) was a British soldier and senior commander during World War I.
		Born in Edinburgh, Haig studied at Brasenose College, Oxford and from 1884 at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.
		Post-war Haig became an Earl in 1919 and Baron Haig of Bemersyde in 1921.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/d/do/douglas_haig.html (290 words)

	Sir Douglas Haig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haig then joined the 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and spent the next 9 years as a regimental officer - mostly in India - without great distinction, although within 3 years he became Adjutant and in 1891 was selected to act as Brigade Major at a cavalry camp.
		Haig entered Staff College at Camberley, after failing his first attempt the previous year due to failing in arithmetic and on the discovery that he was colour-blind.
		Haig's I Corps was half of the original British Expeditionary Force, which first came into action at Mons - although Haig's Corps fought only a minor part of this action - and the subsequent retreat and then advance to the Aisne.
	www.1914-1918.net /haig_bio.htm (1308 words)

	Earl Douglas Haig
		Haig was given command of the First Army Corp in France upon outbreak of the first World War, with the British forces under the overall command of the then-Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, John French.
		Haig was once again under-supported and heavily pressured, and this campaign resulted in many more casualties and little captured territory to show for it.
		Haig was somewhat redeemed for his earlier relative failures when he organized the final offensive in 1918 that led to the eventual Allied victory.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/haig_douglas.htm (325 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Bio: First Earl Douglas Haig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Douglas Haig was born on June 19 1861, the son of a wealthy whiskey distiller.
		On the 10th December a new commander of the British was appointed - Douglas Haig.
		On the 18 Nov 1916, in the blizzards and snow Haig called a halt to the attack.
	www.worldwar1.com /biochaig.htm (467 words)

	The Great War . Historians . Trevor Wilson \| PBS
		To do this, he must attack on a wide front – which meant spreading his bombardment – so that in the center of his attack his infantry and cavalry would be free from flanking fire from the unattacked parts of the enemy line.
		"Haig was not the dunderhead, certainly not the intentional butcher, that he's often portrayed as being.
		Haig should have opted for attrition in the sense of wearing down the enemy gradually – step by step, stage by stage – and devising a means of doing this without getting his own forces worn down."
	www.pbs.org /greatwar/historian/hist_wilson_05_haig.html (888 words)

	Channel4.com - The First World War - text only
		After serving in India, South Africa and the Sudan, Haig became director of military training at the War Office in 1906 and was heavily involved in the formation of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).
		He commanded the BEF during the bloody and unproductive campaigns of the Somme and Passchendaele (3rd Battle of Ypres), and his relationship with Prime Minister Lloyd George was often tense and difficult.
		Haig was commander of British forces during the final push against the Germans in 1918, and he emerged from the war with great credit.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/F/firstworldwar/biog_dhaig_t.html (310 words)

	Guardian \| How Haig fought the Kaiser - and Lloyd George
		Haig, exasperated by the scheming of the prime minister, David Lloyd George, confided instead in George V. Although the king was the nominal head of the armed forces, Haig's diaries show that the role he played in the conduct of the war stretched constitutional convention to the limit.
		Haig was deeply affronted by what he perceived as a demeaning role in Lloyd George's plan for a victory parade - which he regarded as little more than an electioneering stunt.
		Haig was still regarded as a war hero when he died in 1928, but within a few years his reputation came under withering fire from the former Liberal premier.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5151834-110595,00.html (760 words)

	Douglas Haig Biography / Biography of Douglas Haig Biography Biography
		The British general Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (1861-1928), commanded British forces on the Western front in Europe during World War I. He is credited with the final British victories over the German armies in 1918.
		Douglas Haig was born on June 19, 1861, in Edinburgh, Scotland.
		Haig was given the title of earl, among other honors, when he returned to England in 1919.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-douglas-haig/index.html (630 words)

	Experiences of War - National Library of Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 Haig served as Commander of the First Army Corps of the British Expeditionary Force, and shortly after, in 1915, was promoted to Commander in Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, replacing Sir John French.
		Haig was instrumental in pursuing some of the great battles of attrition during the War, notably those of the Somme in 1916 and Passchendaele in 1917.
		Haig argued that the French leader, General Foch, should assume supreme control of the allied forces during the crisis and by September of that year the tables had been turned on the Germans.
	www.nls.uk /experiencesofwar/weewindows/indepth-fieldmarshall.html (337 words)

	Reader's Companion to Military History - - Haig, Douglas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sir Douglas Haig remains the most controversial figure in the literature of the British army in World War I.
		Haig's previous battle experience in the mobile, colonial wars of the Sudan and South Africa did not prepare him well for the static nature of war on the Western Front.
		Thus the August 1918 Amiens offensive was really run at a lower level and did not require the supervision of Haig, except for his usual instruction to considerably deepen the objectives of the attack.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_022200_haigdouglas.htm (835 words)

	Haig: Was He a Great Captain?
		Haig's plans were derived from the plan that he conceived for the battle of Neuve Chappelle and he used this basic plan of battle throughout the war(5).
		Haig was aware of the deficiencies in his ammunition but failed to realise how seriously this affected the effects of the shelling.
		Haig ordered still another attack, this was fated to fail as miserably as the others, with men struggling up to their knees and waists in the dreadful stinking mud.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/haig2.html (2545 words)

	The Cyber Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haig’s defenders, such as they are, claim he did the best he could in trying to win a war of a type the human experience had never before seen.
		Slaughter, on the scale Haig achieved, was not necessary; nothing points to the fact that he had a specific purpose behind grinding his troops into the mud more than the way he continued the battles long after the turning point, the point where there was no realistic hope of accomplishing anything by prolonging the conflict.
		Haig was Nietzsche’s superman, trying to create a race of supermen out of the meat grinder of World War I. Note: much of the material on cowardice in the Great War was taken from http://www.shotatdawn.org.uk/, a study of the deserters and cowards and the circumstances of their deaths.
	cyberreviews.skwc.com /chr_greatwarhaig.html (2157 words)

	BBC - History - Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (1861 - 1928)
		In 1916 Haig was responsible for the Battle of the Somme, which cost 420,000 British casualties over four months for minimal gain.
		Unlike Haig, he thought that the war could be accelerated by attacking from the east.
		However, Haig remained in his post and from March 1918 succeeded in stopping the last German offensive of the war (March-July 1918), before showing perhaps his best leadership in the victorious Allied assault from August onwards.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/haig_douglas.shtml (414 words)

	Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haig failed perhaps to see that a dead man cannot advance, and that to replace him is only to provide another corpse.
		In World War 1 Douglas Haig butchered the flower of British youth in the Somme and Flanders without winning a single victory.
		If ever the history of the war is written as frankly as that of Napoleon's campaign has been, Haig will be held accountable for the appalling slaughter in the Somme battles and in Flanders, caused by his flinging masses of men against positions far too strong to be carried by assault".
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-leaders/ww1/haig.htm (1054 words)

	Books on Haig - the Haig Debate
		Haig did not reject the machine gun and cling to the cavalry; he had known about the machine gun since 1898, and saw the value of tanks five months before they were used in battle.
		The charge that Haig was careless about the lives of his soldiers, or that he was out of touch with the realities of war, cannot survive the inspection of this and many similar documents that bear his signature...
		Haig’s Command, A Re-assessment (1991): a poor book, savaged for its sloppy research, and summarized by one writer as ‘a pure blast of bile against the supposed defects of the “red tabs”’.
	www.johndclare.net /wwi3_HaigHistoriography.htm (4754 words)

	Douglas Haig
		British military leader Douglas Haig was commissioned a cavalry officer in 1885.
		He served in the Boer War from 1899 to 1902 and with the outbreak of World War I, was appointed an Army Corps Commander and in 1915, Commander of the British Expeditionary Forces in France.
		Haig was criticized for the high numbers of British casualties during the Battles on the Western Front.
	www.multied.com /bio/people/haig.html (75 words)

	Source Documents on Haig
		The C-in-C was lodged in the Chateau de Valvion, roughly equidistant from the headquarters of Rawlinson and Gough.
		Haig commented that it was French pressure which forced him to keep fighting on the Western Front in 1916–1917, and wrote about the battle of Passchendaele in 1917: ‘It is impossible for Winston to know how the possibility of the French army breaking up in 1917 compelled me to go on attacking.
		Haig’s views on strategy were sound… to decide that all the generals were wrong and that the truth lay with the civilians would indeed be a sad conclusion.
	www.johndclare.net /wwi_haig_docs.htm (1899 words)

	AllRefer.com - Haig, Douglas Haig, 1st Earl (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		The British prime minister, David Lloyd George, constantly antagonistic to Haig and unreceptive to his requests from the field, exacerbated the situation by putting the British troops under the orders of the French commander in 1917.
		Haig thus conducted the Passchendaele campaign (July–Nov., 1917; see Ypres, battles of) under orders from Gen. Robert Nivelle, while the French army was being reorganized after a mutiny.
		Haig was under continual French pressure to take over more of the front, and until the joint command of himself and Gen. Ferdinand Foch was instituted (1918), the strategy and conduct of the war were tragically mismanaged.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Haig-Dou.html (378 words)

	sir_douglas_haig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Douglas Haig was born in Edenburgh in 1861.
		After that Haig was sent to India to live with his regiment, this happened in 1886.
		Sir Douglas Haig had many life experiences, such as seeing active service in the Sudan in 1898, and the Boer War which happened 1899-1902.
	www.geocities.com /somme_war/sir_douglas_haig (144 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Sir Douglas Haig's Despatches as British Commander-in-Chief, 1916-19
		When Douglas Haig was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the British Armies operating in France and Flanders in December 1915 (succeeding Sir John French) he was expected to follow in the tradition of his predecessors with the periodical submittal of despatches from the Front, each detailing the progress of his armies' campaigns since the last such report.
		In 1919, amid the welter of war-related memoirs produced in the conflict's aftermath, Haig was persuaded to republish each of his despatches in book form for the first time (they were issued as Supplements to the London Gazette during wartime).
		Along with a preface from Haig himself a fulsome introduction - intended to accompany the French translation of the work - was written by the former Allied Supreme Commander, Marshal Ferdinand Foch.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/haig_despatches.htm (255 words)

	PlanetPapers - Field Marshal Haig
		Douglas Haig was born on June 19 1861, the son of a wealthy whiskey distiller, he was educated at Oxford and Sandhurst.
		Haig participated in the Omdurman campaign (1897 - 1898) and the Boer War (1899 - 1902).
		Haig earned the title 'Butcher of the Somme', after he unnecessarily sent thousands of British troops to their deaths, and because the battle of the Somme was one of the bloodiest of the First World War, more British soldiers had been killed than in any other battle before it.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/4353.php (456 words)

	Battle of the Somme
		Haig's strategy was for a eight-day preliminary bombardment that he believed would completely destroy the German forward defences.
		Haig believed that the Germans were close to the point of exhaustion and continued to order further attacks expected each one to achieve the necessary breakthrough.
		Whenever the weather was appropriate, General Sir Douglas Haig ordered further attacks on German positions at the Somme and on the 13th November the BEF captured the fortress at Beaumont Hamel.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWsomme.htm (5177 words)

	Teaching History: Douglas Haig: donkey or scapegoat? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haig's reputation has changed over time in response less to new evidence than to new attitudes.
		At the same time, Haig was a consummate self-publicist - he reissued his despatches from the field, published (edited) passages from his diary, and sent a 75-page Memorandum on the Operations on the Western Front to everybody he knew to be writing a history of the War.
		Haig became an object of ridicule and class-anger: it was the nadir of his reputation.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3900/is_200412/ai_n9473775 (447 words)

	Baby Names - Origin, Meaning of Haig
		Douglas Haig was a prominent English soldier in World War I. Keywords: old english, enclosed, place, douglas, prominent, english, soldier, world, war
		Popularity: The name Haig was not ranked among 1219 first names for males of all ages in the 1990 U.S. Census.
		The name Haig ranked 19166 out of 88799 (Top 22%) as a surname for males and females of all ages in the 1990 U.S. Census.
	www.thinkbabynames.com /name/1/Haig (76 words)

	Was Sir Douglas Haig the Butcher of the Somme? free essays
		This is my argument: Sir Douglas Haig started his military career off as the head boy of his class at a military college in Sandhurst.
		Haig and his men had very different views of how the war was going.
		Haig said, “The work of our artillery is wholly admirable”, this evidently shows that Haig is happy with the performance of his soldiers and that they are doing well in the battle of the Somme.
	www.needfreeessays.com /viewpaper/5995.html (329 words)

	Haig, Douglas Haig,Earl -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		In World War I he won fame as the commander of the British 1st Army (1914–15), and in December 1915 he succeeded Sir John French as commander of the British forces in France.
		Douglas, William O. For more than 36 years William O. Douglas served as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, the longest time served on record.
		Known as a champion of civil liberties and the rights of minorities, he was also a naturalist who wrote on conservation as well as history, politics, and foreign relations.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9311560?tocId=9311560 (828 words)

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