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Dounreay Nuclear Power Station

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	Dounreay's catalogue of idiocy is a cautionary tale of nuclear danger \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		Dounreay - or the area surrounding it - cannot be wholly decontaminated.
		One former employee claimed that samples from Dounreay's radioactive effluent tanks were collected for analysis with a Wellington boot on a piece of string, as the proper equipment had rusted up.
		Dounreay's story also reflects the fact that corner-cutting is a constant temptation, as disposing of waste properly is difficult and expensive.
	www.guardian.co.uk /nuclear/article/0,,1870201,00.html (1376 words)

	Dounreay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dounreay (Ordnance Survey Grid reference NC982669) is the name of a now ruinous castle on the north coast of Caithness, in the Highland area of Scotland.
		Dounreay is near the A836 road, about 9 miles (14 km) west of the town of Thurso, which grew rapidly when the research establishment was developed during the mid 20th century.
		Decommissioning of Dounreay is planned to bring the site to an interim care and surveillance state by 2036, and as a brownfield site by 2336, at a total cost of £2.9 billion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dounreay (954 words)

	Reay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The village is on the A836 road some 12 miles west of the town of Thurso and 3 miles west of Dounreay.
		Along with Thurso the village grew dramatically in the mid-20th century with the development of the experimental nuclear power facility at Dounreay, where technologies such as fast breeder reactors were developed.
		One of the main environmental issues caused by the Dounreay Nuclear Power Development Establishment are radioactive nuclear fuel particles that have escaped from the site into the sea, and are now on the seabed near the plant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reay (278 words)

	Monbiot.com » A Catalogue of Idiocy
		Dounreay – or the area surrounding it – cannot be wholly decontaminated.
		One former employee claimed that samples from Dounreay’s radioactive effluent tanks were collected for analysis with a wellington boot on a piece of string, as the proper equipment had rusted up(6).
		The Dounreay Particles Advisory Group has just sent a report to the environment agency suggesting, according to the Sunday Times, that the best way of removing the particles from the seabed is by sending down divers(19).
	www.monbiot.com /archives/2006/09/12/a-catalogue-of-idiocy (1369 words)

	N-BASE - The threats at Dounreay
		The Dounreay Nuclear Establishment near Thurso on the north coast of Scotland was chosen in the 1950s as the centre for the UK's fast breeder reactor programme - a new type of reactor, fuelled by plutonium.
		Dounreay was chosen because it was isolated and away from large centres of population.
		While Dounreay is hoping to secure contracts for the MTR plant to reprocess fuel from Australia and a few European reactors hoping to use HEU fuel from Russia after processing at Dounreay there is a big question mark on the plant's future.
	www.zetnet.co.uk /oigs/n-base/dounreay.htm (969 words)

	Minister set to end process work at Dounreay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		It could be reprocessed at Dounreay, transported and reprocessed at Sellafield, or be subject to "minimum treatment" and stored at Dounreay for decades.
		DTI officials, known to prefer reprocessing at Dounreay, insisted that storage was the least preferred option.
		Dounreay's reactors and reprocessing mechanisms have been shut down for years, but the UKAEA authority has never eliminated the possibility of restarting the reprocessing plants.
	www.nci.org /01/07/18-her-minister_end_dounreay.htm (477 words)

	Highland archives:Dounreay - Building the Theory
		It was seen by them as both an engineering challenge, and a commercial opportunity, the Dounreay project being perceived as the father of an extensive family of fast breeder reactors to be built in the near future.
		Before training facilities came on line at Dounreay many workers were sent to other UKAEA plants to gain experience; embryonic foremen, for example, being packed off to Windscale for 6 weeks intensive instruction.
		From the outset of the Dounreay project the UKAEA established and maintained close contacts with the local education authorities in the North, a sound and sensible policy, continued to this day.
	www.internet-promotions.co.uk /archives/dounreay/doun5.htm (2141 words)

	Highland archives:Dounreay - Building the Theory
		It was seen by them as both an engineering challenge, and a commercial opportunity, the Dounreay project being perceived as the father of an extensive family of fast breeder reactors to be built in the near future.
		Before training facilities came on line at Dounreay many workers were sent to other UKAEA plants to gain experience; embryonic foremen, for example, being packed off to Windscale for 6 weeks intensive instruction.
		From the outset of the Dounreay project the UKAEA established and maintained close contacts with the local education authorities in the North, a sound and sensible policy, continued to this day.
	www.iprom.co.uk /archives/dounreay/doun5.htm (2141 words)

	Dounreay
		The Dounreay site had caused offshore contamination in the 1960s and 1970s as used nuclear fuel was cropped in a machine that generated radioactive particles.
		In 1996 a radioactive leak in the main dissolver in the reprocessing plant made the plant inoperable, and in 2001 a decision was taken to begin the decommissioning of the nuclear reprocessing plant.
		Fishing was banned in the Dounreay area in 1997 due to contamination.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0027180.html (372 words)

	Dounreay mistakes admitted (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Colin Punler, UKAEA's Dounreay Communications Manager explained one of the mistakes to WNN: On one occasion, water was being transferred to a fuel cooling pond for treatment through a pipe, when a road vehicle damaged that pipe and water back-syphoned onto a roadway.
		One of the facilities at Dounreay was the Materials Test Reactor (MTR), used in research to develop materials suitable for commercial nuclear power stations.
		The prosecution was an admission that the lack of filters until 1984 meant that UKAEA had not fulfilled its obligation to 'use all reasonable practical means to prevent the release of particles' as required by successive statutory authorisations for the disposal of radioactive waste at Dounreay.
	www.world-nuclear-news.org /regulationSafety/060207UKAEA_in_court_over_Dounreay_particles.shtml (621 words)

	SIGHTINGS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The bunkers were built when processing first began at Dounreay in the 1950s and were designed to hold low level nuclear waste.
		Dounreay is already committed to recovering highly radioactive debris dumped in a 200-foot waste shaft.
		The Dounreay site was opened in 1955 for the testing of nuclear reactors but its main job now is decommissioning nuclear waste and reprocessing nuclear fuel.
	www.rense.com /ufo2/nukescare.htm (347 words)

	Power Technology - Caithness Dounreay Nuclear Power Station Decommissioning - United Kingdom
		A time-scale for the decommissioning of the Dounreay nuclear plant is lengthy — 40 years or longer — and has been viewed as an opportunity to consolidate the region's industrial base and provide job stability in the area.
		The Dounreay strategy for managing decommissioning of the PFR requires the installation of a new, shielded dissolver in the Dounreay Fast Reactor Reprocessing Plant, for a limited campaign to reprocess only the irradiated PFR and suitable committed commercial fuels, after which the plant would be taken out of service.
		Under the Dounreay strategy, the natural and depleted uranium separated from both irradiated and unirradiated PFR fuel would be processed through Dounreay's uranium conversion plant and stored for re-use or eventual disposal.
	www.power-technology.com /projects/caithness (585 words)

	Radioactive Waste Management Advisory Committee (RWMAC) \| DEFRA
		Dounreay, having undertaken work on highly specialised research reactors and the reprocessing of specialist experimental fuels, has produced many different waste streams and sub-streams, some of which could, potentially, pose unique or difficult management problems.
		The Shaft was excavated to allow the vertical removal of spoil during construction of the Dounreay effluent discharge system and was later (1957) authorised for the disposal of ILW, while the Silo is a purpose-built store.
		Since Dounreay LLW has never been taken account of in Drigg plans, it would also bring forward the date for which a replacement for the Drigg facility would need to be found.
	www.defra.gov.uk /rwmac/reports/dounreay/08.htm (3271 words)

	The experment ends, but Dounreay lives on
		A brief press conference in Edinburgh yesterday morning and Dounreay, the nuclear plant where they "lost" enough uranium for 10 Hiroshimas, was history.
		Dounreay was on its last legs before yesterday's announcement - but those legs are long, for decommissioning will take 100 years.
		As for the serecy, it was, the Cold War, he points out: Dounreay was a fast-strike nuelear target, and a site where one could acquire expertise before moving to the real atomic weapons sites.
	www.castor.de /english/980606b.htm (969 words)

	Dounreay Nuclear Power Station - Definition, explanation
		The second reactor to achieve criticality was the Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR), which came on-line in November 1959, producing an electrical output of 14 MW.
		This power was exported to the National Grid from 14 October 1962 until the reactor was taken offline for decommissioning in 1977.
		The UKAEA hope to complete the decommissioning of Dounreay and the restoration of the site back to green field status by the year 2047.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/d/do/dounreay_nuclear_power_station.php (350 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Dounreay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		CLEANING up the notorious waste shaft at the Dounreay nuclear station could be delayed by more than a decade due to a funding gap, it emerged yesterday.
		DOUNREAY officials are planning to use robots to help remove radioactive particles from the seabed...
		DOUNREAY bosses want to build a £100 million plant to treat liquid and solid radioactive wastes, a...
	news.scotsman.com /topics.cfm?tid=566 (461 words)

	Highland archives:Man from the Ministry who paved the way for Dounreay
		Built in 1941 on land commandeered from Lower Dounreay, this airfield had been on a care-and-maintenance regime until 1954, when, with the announcement that it was the chosen site for Britain's experimental fast breeder reactor, it became the focus of worldwide attention.
		A narrow strip between the airfield and the shore had been earmarked as the site for the shaft, which had to be blasted through the rock as a preliminary stage in the construction of a sub-sea tunnel, designed to carry mildly radioactive effluent out into the sea.
		The farmhouse and steading of Lower Dounreay were situated on this strip of land; clearly it was in everyone's interest that they be vacated at the earliest opportunity.
	www.internet-promotions.co.uk /archives/dounreay/doun1.htm (1801 words)

	Radioactive Waste Management Advisory Committee (RWMAC) \| DEFRA
		Given that Dounreay's future focus will be site restoration, a major concern, despite advances in site contamination investigation and clean up, and waste treatment, is the lack of progress that, traditionally, has tended to characterise the decommissioning of site plant.
		The removal of a driver fuel assembly jammed in the DFR core, and the planned installation of a treatment plant to remove caesium-137 from its primary coolant, cannot be progressed until regulatory issues are resolved.
		The provision of a new LLW disposal facility at Dounreay, disposal of Dounreay waste to Drigg, or its ongoing storage in packaged form at Dounreay, pending agreement of a UK strategy for LLW management, are all options that may have to be considered.
	www.defra.gov.uk /rwmac/reports/dounreay/02.htm (2455 words)

	Dounreay Will Pollute For Decades (from Sunday Herald)
		These are the conclusions of the latest expert study of the hundreds of thousands of fragments of nuclear fuel known to have leaked into the sea from the Caithness plant since the 1950s.
		Dounreay's operator, the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), admitted that the behaviour that led to the leaks was "just not acceptable".
		The report calls for the foreshore adjacent to Dounreay to be closed to the public and for monitoring of nearby beaches Sandside, Scrabster, Crosskirk, Brims Ness, Thurso, Melvich, Murkle, Peedie and Dunnet to be stepped up.
	www.sundayherald.com /news/heraldnews/display.var.1042207.0.dounreay_will_pollute_for_decades.php (573 words)

	GREENPEACE - DOUNREAY UPDATE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The highly-enriched uranium D1204 plant (or MTR reprocessing plant) has been shut for two years due to lack of work - this is the one that imports spent fuel from foreign research reactors - and the only prospect of new work seems to be from Australia.
		Dounreay's economic case, before they knew they were getting a £20m bill, was th at reprocessing would save £10-15m compared with dry storage.
		In the meantime, it would seem sensible to review reprocessing at Dounreay, rather than approving their application for revised discharge author isation, given the current state of affairs at the site.
	archive.greenpeace.org /odumping/radioactive/reports/dounrey.html (402 words)

	House of Commons - Trade and Industry - Written Evidence
		UKAEA Dounreay is a major employer in the North Sutherland and Caithness area where approximately 50% of the employment is related directly and indirectly to Dounreay.
		Dounreay's new challenge is to change yet again to prove to its new master that it can decommission the Dounreay site cheaper, faster and safer than any other company in the business.
		This means that costs relating to decommissioning have to be pared down to the bone, timescales shortened as far as possible and resources diverted to competing for the site contract and what at present is their own work, in addition to try and meet the cost reductions forced on them by the NDA.
	www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmtrdind/1028/1028we06.htm (1665 words)

	Dounreay - overview - UKAEA
		Restoring the 140-acre Dounreay site on the north coast of Scotland is one of the most complex nuclear decommissioning tasks in the world.
		Dounreay decommissioning is injecting considerable sums each year into the local economy.
		The expertise being developed by local sub-contractors is establishing the region as a centre of excellence in nuclear clean-up.
	www.ukaea.org.uk /sites/dounreay_quick_facts.htm (269 words)

	'Reckless' UK Nuke Plants Dumps Waste On Beaches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Highly radioactive waste was pumped into the sea and evidence of the pollution was covered up by managers who had a "reckless" disregard for public health, according to Herbie Lyall, a health physics surveyor at the Dounreay plant in Caithness for 30 years.
		Lyall, who worked at Dounreay from 1960 to 1989, has spoken publicly for the first time about his years there despite facing possible prosecution under the Official Secrets Act.
		A spokesman for the authority yesterday conceded that safety standards at Dounreay were less stringent in the past than now.
	www.rense.com /general63/dfump.htm (844 words)

	The Scotsman - Sci-Tech - 'Clean-up' that will transform Dounreay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Fuel irradiated in Dounreay's Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR) was reprocessed until 1996 to separate the waste from the re-usable plutonium and uranium.
		About 200 cubic metres - half of Dounreay's radioactive waste hazard - is stored in underground tanks and its conversion to a form suitable for long-term storage or disposal as solid intermediate-level waste is a priority.
		Norman Harrison, UKAEA director at Dounreay, said: "Cementation is a tried and trusted technology for conditioning intermediate-level waste at Dounreay and carries fewer health and environmental risks than vitrification [storage in glass].
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /scitech.cfm?id=582772005 (424 words)

	Dounreay reprocessing to end ?
		A public consultation on the future of nearly 25 tonnes of spent fuel at the plant was held over a year ago and a decision on the three options was initially expected last summer.
		The three options were re-opening the main reprocessing plant at Dounreay to deal with the fuel; reprocessing some at Dounreay and some at Sellafield; or putting the fuel into long-term dry storage.
		There is also the problem of radioactive contamination of the seabed around Dounreay and the continued discovery of radioactive particles around the complex and on the nearby Sandside public beach.
	www.n-base.org.uk /public/latest_links/decide01.html (1367 words)

	Dounreay set for cull of 'nuclear' rabbits - Evening Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The Dounreay nuclear plant has been ordered by an environmental watchdog to take action against the risk of radioactive rabbits spreading contamination at the site, it emerged today.
		A Dounreay spokesman stressed no evidence of radioactive rabbits had been found, but added that UKAEA would be taking advice on organising a cull.
		The notice was served after Sepa officers, on a routine inspection, observed rabbits entering one of the underground pits formerly used for the dumping of solid low-level waste.
	www.eveningtimes.co.uk /hi/news/5016776.html (181 words)

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