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Topic: Downforce

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	Downforce - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The term downforce describes the downward pressure created by the aerodynamic characteristics of a racing car that allow it to travel faster through a corner by holding the car to the track.
		The creation of downforce can only be achieved at the cost of increased aerodynamic drag (or friction), and the optimum setup is always a compromise between the two.
		The amount of downforce that can be created is typically much greater for an open-wheeled Formula One or Indy car than for a full-bodied touring car or stock car because of its enhanced aerodynamic characteristics and the use of wings rather than spoilers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Downforce (744 words)

	Downforce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The term downforce describes the downward pressure created by the aerodynamic characteristics of a racing car that allow it totravel faster through a corner by holding the car to the track.
		The creation of downforce can only be achieved at the cost of increased aerodynamic drag (or friction), and the optimum setup is always a compromise betweenthe two.
		The amount of downforce that can be created is typically much greater for an open-wheeled Formula One or Indy car than for a full-bodied touring car or stock car because of its enhanced aerodynamic characteristics and the use of wings rather thanspoilers.
	www.therfcc.org /downforce-115421.html (572 words)

	The Armchair Empire - Playstation 2 (PS2) Reviews: Downforce
		Downforce is a new racing title from Titus that is a throwback to old school racers like Pole Position on the Atari 2600.
		Downforce is a pretty title, with the detail on the cars taking center stage.
		Downforce is entertaining, and recommended for those who prefer a more “mindless” approach to racing (especially because you can’t seem to save your progress).
	www.armchairempire.com /Reviews/ps2/downforce.htm (952 words)

	EAGB Advance Game Review - Downforce
		Downforce represents a GBC interface on a very GBA title and as a result all control frustrations can be firmly placed to one side in order to immerse you in pure arcade action.
		Overall Downforce looks absolutely wonderful and is without a doubt one of the most visually stunning racers I've ever played on a handheld system.
		There have been more than a few 'Mode 7' racers since the introduction of the GBA but Downforce is the only title that's firmly routed in reality and this alone sets it apart from the rest of the pack.
	www.eagb.net /advance/gr82.html (802 words)

	Race Car Design Tips and Information - Aerodynamics
		Downforce is the same as the lift experienced by airplane wings, only it acts to press down, instead of lifting up.
		Formula 1 cars, with their wings and open wheels (a massive drag component) manage a minimum of about 0.75.
		Wings perform very efficiently, generating lots of downforce for a small penalty in drag.
	www.gmecca.com /byorc/dtipsaerodynamics.html (2766 words)

	Ground Effects in the Aviation History Encyclopedia
		In racing cars, a designer's aim is not for increased lift but for increased downforce, allowing greater cornering speeds.
		However, substantial further downforce is available by understanding the ground to be part of the aerodynamic system in question.
		His 1961 car attempted to use the shaped underside method but there were too many other aerodynamic problems with the car for it to work properly.
	www.usairnet.com /encyclopedia/Ground_effects.html (783 words)

	Aerodynamics in Sports Equipment, Recreation and Machines - Race Cars - Advanced
		The increased velocity (speed) means a lower pressure on the lower surface and, therefore, a larger downforce.
		The end plates on the wings, as shown in the pictures, are used to increase the amount of downforce produced.
		Downforce has to be balanced between the front and rear of the car.
	wings.avkids.com /Book/Sports/advanced/racecar-01.html (1309 words)

	Stock Car Aero Defined
		Downforce is a by-product of differences in air pressure on two sides of an object.
		It provides aero downforce generated from low pressure on the underside, as well as aero drag that creates a cantilever effect, distributing some of the weight of the car from the front to rear.
		If we work hard to develop 600 pounds of downforce on the front end and the rear is not able to keep up with that high amount of grip, the car will be loose and no one can drive a loose car fast.
	www.circletrack.com /techarticles/0304_aero (2661 words)

	The Physics of Racing
		Downforce is necessary in maintaining high speeds through the corners and forces the car to the track.
		A high downforce package is necessary to maintain speeds in the corners and to reduce wear on the brakes.
		The major downforce is found in the shape of the body and underbody.
	www.nas.nasa.gov /About/Education/Racecar/physics.html (596 words)

	Auto Racing Articles: Rear Wing Assembly
		Downforce is necessary for cornering speed (entry and exit), while efforts are made to minimize accompanying drag in the straights.
		The amount of downforce produced by a wing is determined by its size.
		The amount of downforce generated is dependent upon the angle or the tilt of the wing.
	speedarticles.com /auto_racing_article-11.html (662 words)

	Downforce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Because it is a function of the flow of air over and under the car, downforce is directly proportional to the speed of the car and requires a certain minimum speed in order to produce the desired effect.
		The rounded and tapered shape of the top of the car is designed to slice through the air and minimize wind resistance.
		Maximum Downforce Web design, graphics, logos and photography.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Downforce.html (673 words)

	[No title]
		Raising downforce slows the car by using airflow to help push the vehicle onto the ground, a very important consideration for lighter cars such as the Toyota GT-One Race Car; cornering can be safely done at higher speeds, but top-end straight-line speed is sacrificed.
		Downforce on an F1 car makes use of the front and rear wings; thus, downforce can be adjusted for the front and rear of the car independently.
		As with downforce, raise ride height to improve cornering at the sacrifice of acceleration and top-end speed; lower ride height to improve acceleration and top-end speed while sacrificing high-speed cornering ability.
	www.cheatcc.com /psx2/sg/gran_turismo_3.txt (15373 words)

	F1 Nutter - The Aerodynamic Development of the Formula One Car
		In addition to enhancing the cornering ability, aerodynamic downforce allows the tyres to transmit a greater thrust force without wheel spin, and hence the acceleration will be increased.
		These enabled a greater downforce to be applied to the inside wheel to offset the effects of body roll.
		The concept also derived additional rear downforce by the positioning of an aerofoil ahead of the rear wing centre line, at a point where it could take advantage of the maximum chassis width regulations.
	www.f1nutter.co.uk /tech/aero.php (3120 words)

	Aerodynamics in Sports Equipment, Recreation and Machines - Automobile Racing - Instructor
		While discussing the various methods utilized to produce aerodynamic downforce, the downforce was occasionally differentiated between the front and the rear of the car.
		This decreases the amount of downforce that the wing itself creates since it is moving through the highly disturbed flow field of the car body.
		The emphasis may change, be it downforce for Indy racing or drag for drag racing, but aerodynamics plays an important role in automobile racing.
	wings.avkids.com /Book/Sports/instructor/race_car-01.html (2239 words)

	Adding wings
		Wings can give a lot of downforce and are important for high speed racing.
		Downforce is the vertical force; mostly a force pushing the car down onto the track.
		In Formula 1, the engine must often be powerful enough to push the car through both drag and downforce at straights, while the wings are set to generate a lot of downforce to be able to get through the corners faster.
	www.racer.nl /tutorial/wings.htm (680 words)

	Downforce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		To increase the downforce, cars started adding wings, which work on the same principle as aircraft wings, the key difference bieng that car wings provide downfocre rather than lift.
		The main reason why cars need aerodynamic downforce, is because the car does not have enough traction to turn at high speeds.
		By increasing the downforce, it is possible to increase the traction.
	www.bath.ac.uk /~aj220/downforce.html (392 words)

	Lift & Downforce - University of Southampton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		So on the whole we try to generate negative lift, which is usually known as downforce.
		With lift or downforce we will generate some induced drag - defined as the drag caused by the generation of lift.
		A car that generates maximum downforce for minimum drag penalty is what F1 aerodynamicists strive for.
	www.soton.ac.uk /Racing/Greenpower/LiftDownforce (426 words)

	Automotive Forums .com - downforce? please read
		The other thing about weight is that it shifts, downforce just pushes down a car according to it's shape giving more grip to the tires are high speeds
		downforce begins at least at 120 MPH for it to actually kick in.
		Now 'downforce' can be achieved a number of ways.
	www.automotiveforums.com /vbulletin/t249905.html (1593 words)

	Esprit Wings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Any useable downforce from an Esprit rear wing is only present from around 80mph.
		The exercise of bolting on a wing to a car with a long (high) transom does not replicate the original factory built car and the removal of the wing without the addition of the correct Transom is not totally correct.
		Firstly any useable downforce is only going to effect the handling of the car at high speeds, as is any extra stability.
	www.lotusespritworld.co.uk /EModifications/wingeffect.html (1541 words)

	MCR - Do-It-Yourself Downforce
		The full-size car designers are dealing with the downforce of airflow generated by the car, and we are dealing with downforce generated by magnets in the cars being more or less attracted to the steel pickup rails on the track.
		Model racing cars can travel at speeds high enough that aerodynamic downforce has an enormous effect on the handling, often with enough force to effectively triple the weight of the car.
		Home racers, however, have found a way to create downforce that is at least as effective as aerodynamic downforce without altering the appearance of the car in any way.
	www.modelcarracingmag.com /20020304/15dfscale.html (719 words)

	<<---Ribble Valley Radio Controlled Car Club - Technical - Chapter 7: Downforce--->> (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In essence, downforce is a force that's pushing down on the car, and therefore also on the tires.
		Another thing that's very important is the fact that downforce is proportional to speed, more precisely the speed of the air relative to the car.
		At high speeds however, downforce is in most cases dominant over the mechanical settings: in high-speed corners, adjusting downforce is the only way to go.
	www.rvrccc.co.uk /technical/c7/index.htm (185 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Luckily in Downforce, a few teams and drivers have broken away from the FIA to form their own racing league.
		Now I personally don't like that Mode 7 graphics style, but this type of engine allows the game to whip along at great pace, which is exactly what this title needed to convey the sense that you are driving a souped-up F1 car.
		The downside of this is that whichever team and driver combination you choose, the car always feels the same and always corners as if it's on rails when you let go of the accelerator for a split second.
	www.rewiredmind.com /review.php?id=58 (728 words)

	Mosley's Equations
		The faster a car is going at the point it starts to spin, the faster it will be at all points during deceleration, as it always stops in the same place.
		Also, the downforce that is produced by the underbody and diffuser at the rear end of the car is lost (it is well known that the underbody aerodynamics is very sensitive to the ride height).
		is a symbol for the aerodynamical downforce (used in connection with equation (2), the first term in (11) is sometimes called the mechanical grip, and the second term is called aerodynamical grip).
	www.atlasf1.com /99/san/preview/soerensen.html (1625 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: PC & Video Games: Downforce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Downforce concentrates on making street racing exciting--ignore the regulations and break the rules as you go for all-out racing thrills in super cars that make McClaren look like Skodas.
		Downforce puts you--the gamer--in the seat of a racing car in a frantic game filled with wild high-speed antics and brutal crashes.
		Downforce could have been one of the big boys in this genre but its shortcomings--the few that are there anyway--and its lack of innovation keep this game from being a classic.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/B000066E7E (1302 words)

	PS2 Previews: Downforce
		On top of that, Downforce will vary a bit from other F1 simulators in that it is set in the future, offering radical car designs.
		Downforce encourages contact with other players, making it an important factor.
		Unlike games such as Gran Turismo, Downforce will be the type of game where letting of the accelerator is most often unnecessary except in the sharpest of turns.
	www.psxextreme.com /scripts/previews2/preview.asp?PrevID=202 (511 words)

	Le Mans 24 Hours Complete FAQ - IGN FAQs
		Catalunya Grand Prix Downforce: Medium Fuel: Full Tires: Soft Gear Ratio: Balance Engine: Sprint Notes: Car set-up is tricky here; Pit Straight is so long that it requires a low-downforce/high-speed set-up, yet the rest of the circuit is rather technical, needing a high-downforce/low-speed set-up.
		The low downforce setting will provide excellent top-end speed on the lengthy Hunaudieres Straight (Parts I, II, and III) and the long 'straightaway' between Mulsanne Curve and Indianapolis Curve, but the chicanes and the Indianapolis-Arnage complex will be rather tricky, especially in wet conditions.
		The low downforce setting will provide excellent top-end speed through the S curves, and down the 'back side' of the circuit toward the chicane.
	faqs.ign.com /articles/374/374537p1.html (17605 words)

	Race Tech 105: Difference Between Weight and Downforce
		Now, Fv is 10 pounds (1 pound of weight and 9 pounds of aero force), and it takes 8 pounds to move the block.
		Anyway, we’ve got downforce in excess of the weight of the block and gained a lot of friction force without adding weight to the block.
		These calculations show we can add downforce to a racecar with a wing and get more friction force from the tires, but it doesn’t answer the part of the question about why a lighter car can corner faster than a heavier car.
	www.insideracingtechnology.com /tech105diffwt.htm (646 words)

	Taking the Lid Off F1
		These vortices are connected with all areas of downforce creation, which means that with all downforce comes additional, induced drag.
		As mentioned, downforce is due to pressure differences above and below objects, and drag is covered by the three factors mentioned in the previous section.
		The most important of these parameters is the flow speed - the drag or downforce increases with the square of the speed.
	www.atlasf1.com /2000/feb09/gray.html (933 words)

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