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Topic: Downregulation

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	Downregulation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 Expression on Human Neutrophils by Helicobacter pylori: a New Pathomechanism in H. ...
		downregulate the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors on neutrophils (17,
		causes downregulation of the CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors
		Phagocytosing neutrophils downregulate the expression of chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/12/6773 (3956 words)

	Neurotransmitter Dysregulation
		Downregulation is also known to occur in the acetylcholinergic system and indeed has been cited as a factor that must be considered with respect to drug interactions in military personnel who have taken PB and who may require drugs as part of surgery for traumatic injury (Keeler, 1990).
		Tolerance (net "downregulation" of the system--though not of the receptors) results if the increase in receptor number is exceeded by the increase in number of receptors that are inactivated (Collins and Marks, 1988)--otherwise stated, if the increase in receptor binding by nicotine is more than offset by a loss in effect of binding.
		"Downregulation" appears to be a common compensatory phenomenon in the face of pharmacologically heightened signaling, as a mechanism to counteract excessive nerve signaling.
	www.rand.org /pubs/monograph_reports/MR1018.2/mr1018.2.chap13.html (8778 words)

	Downregulation of c-kit Expression in Human Endothelial Cells by Inflammatory Stimuli -- König et al. 90 (1): 148 ...
		In contrast to the downregulation of c-kit, SCF mRNA was upregulated in response to IL-1
		This downregulation of the receptor protein might indicate a temporarily arrest of an autocrine mechanism to maintain a steady state of SCF for hematopoietic homeostasis.
		Therefore, downregulation of c-kit during the state of inflammation could also reflect the release of the protein from the cell surface of the endothelial cell into the serum and act as a local regulator of SCF.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/90/1/148 (4829 words)

	Ligand-induced downregulation of receptor-mediated clearance of hepatocyte growth factor in rats -- Liu et al. 275 (5): ...
		Ligand-induced downregulation of receptor-mediated clearance of hepatocyte growth factor in rats -- Liu et al.
		of GH induces downregulation of the GH receptor in the liver,
		Kinetic analysis of the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor in rats in vivo.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/5/E835 (4435 words)

	LPS-induced downregulation of MRP2 and BSEP in human liver is due to a posttranscriptional process -- Elferink et al. ...
		LPS-induced downregulation of MRP2 and BSEP in human liver is due to a posttranscriptional process -- Elferink et al.
		Endotoxin-induced cholestasis in rodents is caused by hepatic
		LPS induces downregulation of NTCP at the level of mRNA in human liver slices, whereas BSEP and MRP2 are not affected.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/287/5/G1008 (4876 words)

	ANG II type 1 receptor downregulation does not require receptor endocytosis or G protein coupling -- Modrall et al. 281 ...
		downregulation of the AT -i2 LOOP and AT mutants was indistinguishable
		receptor downregulation, the wild-type AT receptor was pretreated with
		The present study focused on the ability of AT receptors to undergo downregulation during the initial 24 h of ANG II exposure.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/3/C801 (5256 words)

	Addiction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The human body has a natural tendency to maintain homeostasis, and the central nervous system is no exception.
		Chronic elevation of dopamine will result in a decrease in the number of dopamine receptors available in a process known as downregulation.
		The decreased number of receptors changes the permeability of the cell membrane located post-synaptically, such that the post-synaptic neuron is less excitable- i.e.: less able to respond to chemical signaling with an electrical impulse, or action potential.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Addiction (3660 words)

	CD4 and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Protein ...
		Downregulation of cell surface CD4 and MHC-I in cells expressing NL4-3 nef and six defective patient-derived nef alleles.
		Downregulation of cell surface CD4 expression by simian immunodeficiency virus Nef prevents viral super infection.
		HIV-1 Nef downregulates MHC-I by a PACS-1- and PI3K-regulated ARF6 endocytic pathway.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/77/21/11536 (7618 words)

	Agonist-Mediated Downregulation of Gi via the 2-Adrenergic Receptor Is Targeted by Receptor-Gi Interaction and Is ...
		AR function is downregulation of the cellular levels of the
		AR sequences substituted at residues 113-149 of the second intracellular loop and 218-235 and 355-371 of the N- and C-terminal regions of the third intracellular loop (altered G
		downregulation, suggesting that a discreet structural motif of the receptor is unlikely to represent a key element in the process.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/1998/37/i45/abs/bi980999r.html (264 words)

	Requirements for Peptide-induced T Cell Receptor Downregulation on Naive CD8+ T Cells -- Cai et al. 185 (4): 641 -- The ...
		TCR downregulation on T cells from the 2C line of TCR transgenic mice (18) was examined with the aid of three peptides recognized
		peptides, p2Ca and SL9, TCR downregulation was undetectable with
		of TCR downregulation in the absence of costimulation was thus
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/185/4/641 (6157 words)

	Efficient downregulation of immunoglobulin {micro} mRNA with premature translation-termination codons requires the ...
		Efficient downregulation of immunoglobulin {micro} mRNA with premature translation-termination codons requires the 5'-half of the VDJ exon -- Bühler et al.
		downregulated as the endogenous Ig-µ mRNAs in the hybridoma
		PTC+ mRNA downregulation in a heterologous context (19), it
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/11/3304 (6916 words)

	Cancer Cell International \| Full text \| Downregulation of calcineurin activity in cervical carcinoma
		Interestingly the downregulation of calcineurin activity in squamous cell carcinomas was not accompanied by any significant change in DNA-binding affinity of the transcriptional factor NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells).
		There is only one report, which demonstrates downregulation of protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit in cervical cancer cells [18].
		Low levels of the antioxidants such as glutathione, Vitamin E and C as well as superoxide dismutase have been reported to be lower in cervical cancer [45,46], which in turn can modulate the calcineurin activity.
	www.cancerci.com /content/5/1/7 (4262 words)

	Design of Antisense RNA Constructs for Downregulation of the Acetone Formation Pathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum -- ...
		Relationship between the component/nucleotide ratio and the percentage overall protein downregulation for asRNA in solventogenic clostridia.
		Downregulation of CtfA and CtfB subunits of CoAT by CoAT-asRNA.
		The percent downregulation of CtfA and CtfB in ATCC 824(pCTFB1AS) (
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/185/6/1923 (5506 words)

	Inhibition of melanogenesis in response to oxidative stress: transient downregulation of melanocyte differentiation ...
		Inhibition of melanogenesis in response to oxidative stress: transient downregulation of melanocyte differentiation markers and possible involvement of microphthalmia transcription factor -- Jiménez-Cervantes et al.
		Inhibition of melanogenesis in response to oxidative stress: transient downregulation of melanocyte differentiation markers and possible involvement of microphthalmia transcription factor
		Kinetics of downregulation of the melanogenic activities and recovery of basal activity levels 48 hours after the oxidative challenge.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/114/12/2335 (6513 words)

	Erythroid Differentiation Sensitizes K562 Leukemia Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by Downregulation of c-FLIP -- ...
		downregulation was reflected in the composition of the TRAIL
		Downregulation of c-FLIP corresponds to the differentiation-mediated sensitization of K562 cells.
		Downregulation of c-FLIP alters the composition of TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) DISC.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/23/4/1278 (7920 words)

	Downregulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor by All-trans Retinoic Acid in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells -- Takeda ...
		Downregulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor by All-trans Retinoic Acid in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells -- Takeda et al.
		Downregulation of AT -R Expression by atRA Is Not Due to Competition of CBP
		downregulation of AT -R expression remains to be determined.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/35/1/297 (3918 words)

	AEGiS-03CROI: Downregulation of CD4 by HIV-1 env and vpu.
		Both Env and Vpu were required for downregulation of CD4 as mutants in either gene failed to downregulate CD4.
		When high and low CD4-expressing cells were separated by FACS, each subpopulation gave rise to a mixture of high and low CD4-expressing cells after several days in culture, indicating that CD4 levels varied over time in individual cells or their progeny.
		Dual FACS analysis for CD4 and Vpu showed that CD4 downregulation was only seen in cells with the highest Vpu levels.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/CROI/1996/46.html (399 words)

	Downregulation Encyclopedia Article @ DoOrDie.com (Do or Die) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Downregulation Encyclopedia Article @ DoOrDie.com (Do or Die)
		This page contains quite a lot of relevant information about Downregulation.
		But it's also being seen as a health risk, with internet addiction a growing problem among young people, unable to control their appetite for online games...
	doordie.com /encyclopedia/Downregulation (559 words)

	The mechanism of angiotensin II binding downregulation by high glucose in primary renal proximal tubule cells -- Park ...
		The mechanism of angiotensin II binding downregulation by high glucose in primary renal proximal tubule cells
		ANG II receptor downregulation is dependent on the capacity of
		Glucose-induced downregulation of angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin receptors in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells: role of protein kinase C. J Clin Invest 90: 1992-1999, 1992
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/2/F228 (5290 words)

	Downregulation of c-kit (Stem Cell Factor Receptor) in Transformed Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by Stroma Cells -- ...
		Downregulation of c-kit (Stem Cell Factor Receptor) in Transformed Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by Stroma Cells -- Heberlein et al.
		Downregulation of c-kit (Stem Cell Factor Receptor) in Transformed Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by Stroma Cells
		We show a dramatic downregulation of the stem cell factor (SCF) receptor in different hematopoietic cell lines by murine stroma.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/93/2/554 (325 words)

	Downregulation of renal aquaporins in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction -- Li et al. 284 (5): 1066 -- AJP - ...
		Downregulation of renal aquaporins in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction -- Li et al.
		Downregulation of renal aquaporins in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction
		AQP3, and AQP1 in obstructed kidneys and downregulation of p-AQP2
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/5/F1066 (7069 words)

	Complexity of Agonist- and Cyclic AMP-Mediated Downregulation of the Human 1-Adrenergic Receptor: Role of ...
		Prolonged agonist exposure often induces downregulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
		AR downregulated or internalized were proportional to initial receptor levels but reached saturation at ~2 and 3 pmol/mg of protein, respectively.
		AR protein during downregulation was determined by immunoblotting with anti-C-terminal antibodies.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/2002/41/i25/abs/bi025538r.html (282 words)

	Downregulation of cardiac myocyte Na+-K+-ATPase by adenovirus-mediated expression of an {alpha}-subunit fragment -- ...
		Downregulation of cardiac myocyte Na+-K+-ATPase by adenovirus-mediated expression of an {alpha}-subunit fragment -- Kometiani et al.
		Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were prepared and cultured as described earlier (15, 26).
		is primarily due to the downregulation of the predominant
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/3/H1415 (4096 words)

	Importance of Offtimes and The Receptor Downregulation Myth - Bodybuilding.com Forums
		It is a possible in many cases for the receptors of a cell to be sensitized or desensitized to a drug or hormone, independently of the number of receptors.
		Similarly, it is possible for the receptors to upregulate or downregulate, to increase or decrease in number, independently of any changes in sensitivity.
		There is no scientific evidence whatsoever that AR downregulation occurs in human muscle, or in any tissue, in response to above normal (supraphysiological) levels of AAS.
	forum.bodybuilding.com /showthread.php?t=639980 (1316 words)

	Downregulation in muscle Na+-K+-ATPase following a 21-day expedition to 6,194 m -- Green et al. 88 (2): 634 -- Journal ...
		A second potential strategy, namely downregulating the energetic costs of the activity, could allow the activity to be performed
		that the downregulation that we have observed may not be due to
		Downregulation of Na -ATPase pumps in skeletal muscle with training in normobaric hypoxia.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/88/2/634 (4429 words)

	Downregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{alpha} Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Ischemic ...
		Downregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{alpha} Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Is Dependent on Reactive Oxygen Species and Prevents Lipotoxicity -- Dewald et al.
		Downregulation of Myosin Iso-Gene Expression in Repetitive I/R
		downregulation of fatty acid metabolic gene expression in the
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/112/3/407 (3940 words)

	Efficient downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in human epithelial cells infected with ...
		Efficient downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in human epithelial cells infected with cytomegalovirus -- Benz et al.
		HCMV infection downregulates MHC-I surface expression in Huh7, Hep3B and MzChA2 cells.
		Mice infected with MCMV mutants deficient in MHC-I downregulating
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/9/2061 (5435 words)

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