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CLC Publications: Working Papers in Phonetics and Phonology The Phonetics and Phonology of "Tense" and "Plain" Consonants in Korean. Phonetics and Phonology of the Tense and Lax Obstruents in German. Phonetic correlates of primary and secondary stress in Indonesian: A preliminary study ling.cornell.edu /clcpubs/plab.html   (863 words)

IPA Encyclopedia, Definition, History, Biography   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. It is intended as a notational standard for the phonemic and phonetic representation of all spoken languages. The general principle of the IPA is to provide a separate symbol for each speech segment, avoiding letter combinations (digraphs) such as sh and th in English orthography, and avoiding ambiguity such as that of c in English. popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/IPA   (3916 words)

CLC Publications: Dissertations From the phonetic study and our proposed model of affricates,we propose that Korean affricates are specified for [-continuant, +strident],with no secondary vocalic feature [coronal] like the other obstruents.Phonological behavior of affricates in Korean Umlaut and affrication providesevidence for our proposed representation of affricates, and also for ourphonetic study. Finally, it is argued that phonetic rules have access toa 'window' of at least the first intonational phrase in the sentence. I attribute the frequency of voicing lenition to the documented tendency for shorter segments to be perceived as voiced and I attribute the frequency of lenition described as fricativization to reinterpretation of an incomplete seal as a fricative. ling.cornell.edu /clcpubs/dissertations.html   (5508 words)

Four tones and downtrend - - One of the fundamental areas of debate is the relative importance of the roles of phonetics and phonology in determining downtrend phenomena (see Snider and van der Hulst, 1993) for discussion). Crucial to the characterization of non-automatic downstep is the setting of a new lower height for subsequent tones within the same phonological phrase, a 'lowering of the ceiling'. It appears from this work that declination (automatic downstep, downdrift) in a higher tone implies declination (automatic downstep, downdrift) in a lower tone; if the downtrend in T4 is analyzed as final lowering it would consequently provide some evidence that T2 and T3 are also subject to final lowering (i.e. lucy.ukc.ac.uk /dz/connell/downtrend/downtrend.html   (5173 words)

UCL Phonetics & Linguistics This current study is aimed at investigating phonetic and phonological correlates of what is called in intonational phonology "broad", "narrow" and "contrastive" focus. The original hypothesis was that contrastive focus would have a different phonetic and phonological realisation from broad or narrow focus: contrastive accents were expected to have higher F0 peak and late peak alignment. The claims made by scholars in the past of a correspondence between events in SB and phonetic events have not been confirmed in instrumental studies, so the topic is not now given importance in phonetics or phonology. www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /research/phd_day2002.html   (3031 words)

LINGUIST List 12.971: Geometry and Features of Tone Downstep refers to the lowering in pitch of the high or low tones relative to the preceding high or low tones. In Chapters 4 through 7, the RTT model is applied to a number of languages such as Chumburung (a Kwa language spoken in Ghana), Engenni (a Kwa language spoken in Nigeria), Acatlan Mixtec (a dialect of Otomanguean language spoken in Mexico), and Bamilek?Dschang (a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon). Snider describes the typical downstep as in (1), where o indicates tonal root node tier, H and L indicate tonal features, and h and l indicate register features: (1) a. www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/12/12-971.html   (1651 words)

Publications This is followed by the central section of the paper which refers to phonetic awareness raising in foreign language (FL) teaching, both with respect to teacher awareness and also to students awareness. This was done in an attempt to isolate some of the variables which influence vowel perception and to investigate the extent to which FL learners have formed exemplars for the TL vowels which are robust enough to cope with contextual variation without perceptual space overlapping. We propose that downstep is one of the intonational signallers of focus in this language. www.vc.ehu.es /depfi/real/papers/phonetics.html   (4009 words)

Phonetics products at MSN Shopping The book guides the reader through the main sub-areas of phonetic science which constitute the "speech chain," charting the progress of speech from speaker to listener. Phonetics: A Critical Analysis of Phonetic Theory and a Technic for the Practical Description of Sounds... The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean Prosody: Intonational Phonology and Prosodic Structure... shopping.msn.com /results/shp?bcatid=4,ptnrid=8,text=Phonetics,ptnrdata=1   (219 words)

Glot International, Journal Section Downstep may be seen as a grammaticalization of declination, just as many tone languages have grammaticalizations of final lowering. Detailed phonetic studies of the timings of targets have on the one hand revealed cross-linguistic and cross-varietal variation, and on the other a tendency for targets to be coupled to `segmental landmarks', like the syllable offset, as in Mandarin lexical tones (Xu, 1998), or the CV-boundary (Ladd, Faulkner, Faulkner, and Schepman 1999). downstep, which is always confined to some prosodic constituent), in the rhythmic distribution of pitch accents, and in the presence of boundary tones, the topic of this section. www.linguistlistplus.com /glot/html/GI6902/GI6902_SOA.htm   (8034 words)

Speech Hearing and Language: work in progress. Volume 12, 2000. Abstracts The results suggest that peak (or H(igh) accent) downtrends in Central Catalan are better explained as a linguistically controlled accent-by-accent downstep than as a global time-dependent declination. Thus, peak height in Central Catalan can be accurately predicted as a constant proportion of the height of the previous peak, except for the utterance-final H which undergoes a greater amount of lowering than that expected by the downstep rule. Final H values are better explained by means of a lowering constant, which is higher than the downstep ratio. www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/shl12/abstracts.htm   (903 words)

Gesture, Segment, Prosody - Cambridge University Press   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) In order to encourage the interdisciplinary understanding required for progress in this field, each of the three groups of papers is preceded by a tutorial paper (commissioned for this volume) on theories and findings presupposed by some or all of the papers in the group. In addition, most of the papers are followed by commentaries, written by noted researchers in phonetics and phonology, which serve to bring important theoretical and methodological issues into perspective. Downstep in Dutch: implications for a model Rob Van Den Berg et al.; 15. www.cup.cam.ac.uk /aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521401275   (393 words)

ToBI: 2. More on the tone tier This lowering of the second peak is due to a process called `downstep', which is defined as a categorical compression of the pitch range that reduces the f0 targets for any H tones subsequent to the specification of the downstep -- i.e. Downstep is a phonologically triggered compression of the pitch range that lowers the f0 targets for any H tones subsequent to a downstep trigger. Because speakers can vary their pitch ranges seemingly without limit to convey discourse organization or degree of involvement, and because downstep can happen many times within a single phrase, sometimes it is difficult to tell whether a tone is H or L, even when one is sure a tone is there. www.speech.cs.cmu.edu /tobi/ToBI.2.html   (8867 words)

[No title] I argue that upstep is prosodically conditioned, and suggests a particular way of correlating prosodic levels and phonetic register-lines, in development of suggestions by Ladd (1988) and van den Berg et al. The interaction of upstep with structure-dependent partial reset bears on the predictions of the model that correlates prosodic levels and phonetic register-lines. Pierrehumbert, Janet B. The phonology and phonetics of English intonation. www.let.kun.nl /tie/Abstracts/00_Truckenbrodt.doc   (362 words)

Faculty   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Patrice Speeter Beddor (Introduction to Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics) is Professor of Linguistics at The University of Michigan. Steriade’s research interests involve aspects of the interface between phonetics and phonology (the phonetic sources of markedness patterns, phonetic correlates of prosodic structure) and the links between correspondence theory, the perception of similarity, and morphological structure. Richard Wright (Auditory and Perceptual Phonetics, with Ian Maddieson) is Phonetics Laboratory Director and assistant professor of Linguistics, University of Washington, with a BA in French from Michigan State University (1986), MA in Linguistics from UCLA (1993), and PhD in Linguistics from UCLA (1996 (advisor Patricia Keating). lsa2003.lin.msu.edu /faculty1.html   (11359 words)

GRToBI For the intonational analysis of Greek utterances we recognize three types of tonal events, pitch accents, phrase accents, and boundary tones, and two levels of phrasing, the intermediate phrase (ip) and the intonational phrase (IP). H* is mostly used as a nuclear accent and it contrasts with L+H*: a L+H* nuclear accent signals narrow focus, wheras H* signals broad focus. Vowels that phonologically form separate syllables but are phonetically manifested as a rising diphthong (on the basis, e.g., of tonal alignment evidence), should be transcribed with the second vowel capitalized; stress should be placed before the diphthong. ling.ucsd.edu /~arvaniti/grtobi.html   (2813 words)

LIT Verlag Münster-Hamburg-Berlin-Wien-London Contrary to the traditional approach, the study proposes that "non-automatic downstep" does not apply to the grammar of Igbo nouns. The implication of the new approach is that four tones exist in Igbo: two basic tones /H/ and /L/ and two derived tones [M]id and a raised L ([$uparrow$L]). This contradicts what is in existence in the literature which proposes that there are three tones in Igbo: /H/, /L/ and "downstep" or "downstepped H (!H)". www.lit-verlag.de /isbn/3-8258-3233-3   (264 words)

X-SAMPA   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The result is a SAMPA-inspired recasting of the IPA into 7-bit ASCII. hallencyclopedia.com /X-SAMPA   (188 words)

JAPANESE TOBI LABELLING GUIDLINES Unlike in English intonation, where the use of a downstepped accent (!H* or H+!H*, as opposed to H*) is a paradigmatic choice made by the speaker, downstep in Japanese is completely predictable from the lexical accent specification of the preceding phrase. An accentual phrase (whether itself accented or not) will be downstepped if (1) the preceding accentual phrase bears an accent, and (2) both phrases are in the same intonation phrase. The downtrend of the words (not downstep here, since the words are unaccented) gives the sense that they are grouped into a single intonation phrase, and that no reset has occurred after the disfluent pause. ucsub.colorado.edu /~nakajimy/Japanese_ToBI_Labelling_Guidelines.htm   (6973 words)

Glot International, Journal Section Recently Zhang (2000b) looks closely at the phonetics of contour tones, and argues that many of the properties typically thought to be purely phonological are driven directly or indirectly by the phonetics. He was the first linguist to bring Chinese data to the attention of the rest of the theoretical linguistics community, and he was able to do this because he recognized the significance of that data to the issues of the day, and because he wrote in the language and terminology of the field at large. There is a huge phonetics literature on Chinese tone, investigating issues in perception and production such as the relative contributions of pitch, duration and amplitude, and the amount of co-articulation in connected speech. www.linguistlistplus.com /glot/html/GI7103/GI7103_SQB2.htm   (7569 words)

[No title] This project sets out to model how the three phonetic dimensions of pitch, voice quality and temporal features are exploited for prosodic expression. In addition to looking at more narrowly linguistic aspects, the project is also attempting to describe how these phonetic dimensions vary as a function of altering the affective colouring of an utterance. Ladd, D. (2002) “Phonetic vs. Phonological accounts of intonational variation: the case of f0 alignment”, in Proceedings of 24. www.let.kun.nl /tie/Abstracts/15_Dalton_Chasaide.doc   (342 words)

Taka Shinya's Home Page Shinya, Takahito and Takasawa, Miyuki (1999) "The alignment of utterance-final F0 falling in Japanese," (with Miyuki Takasawa) Proceeding s of the 13th General Meeting of the Phonetic Society of Japan, 149-154 (in Japanese). Shinya, Takahito (2001) "A phonetic and phonological analysis on the intonation of Tashlhit Berber," ms. Teachind assistant for Ling 414 Phonetics for Linguists. people.umass.edu /tshinya   (685 words)

Break Index 3 This break index often corresponds to the boundary of the tonally-defined intonation phrase, the highest level of the prosodic hierarchy of Japanese (see [Venditti (forthcoming)]). The intonation phrase is the prosodic domain within which pitch range is defined and thus within which downstep occurs. Tonally speaking, the first two accentual phrases of the utterance form one larger intonation phrase unit, with downstep causing the second phrase to be lowered with respect to the first (see section 3.1.1 above). www.ling.ohio-state.edu /research/phonetics/J_ToBI/jtobi_html/node17.html   (513 words)

Multidimensional Exploration of Online Linguistic Field Data - Bird (ResearchIndex)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) 7 Representation of downstep in Dschang Bamileke (context) - Clark - 1993 6 The phonetic interpretation of tone in Igbo (context) - Liberman, Schultz et al. 2 Phonetic realisation of downstep in Bimoba (context) - Snider - 1998 citeseer.ist.psu.edu /93265.html   (741 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) This paper examines the role of phonetics in the licensing of phonological contrast, with special attention to recent proposals (e.g. The first involves the neutralization of distinctive place, manner, and voicing features in obstruents in Eastern Andalusian Spanish, which I claim is crucially driven by reference to syllable structure and not by direct reference to phonetic context. I conclude by advocating a weakened or hybrid view, in which both direct phonetic licensing and licensing by phonological structures may both drive positional contrast licensing. www.ling.umd.edu /events/Colloquia/archives/Fall98/gerfen.html   (407 words)

CV Teaching Assistant, Phonetics for Linguists (Linguistics 414, Instructor: Professor John Kingston), University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Shinya, Takahito (1999) The Effect of Focus on Downstep in English and Japanese, MA thesis, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan. Shinya, Takahito (2001) gA phonetic and phonological analysis on the intonation of Tashlhit Berber,h ms. www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~tshinya/CV.html   (959 words)

[No title] The first technique, Phonetic Tree Analysis, extracts phonetic tree structure embedded in utterances of a student. The second technique automatically estimates the segmental intelligibility not based upon acoustic matching with native speakers' utterances but based upon matching between two structures, the extracted phonetic structure in the student's pronunciation and the lexical structure in the target language's vocabulary. The estimation is done using one of word perception models, Cohort Model, and the estimated cohort size is interpreted as degree of the segmental unintelligibility. www.cstr.ed.ac.uk /cgi-bin/cstr/lists.cgi?config=pworkshop-archive&entry=91_2003_summer   (1211 words)

Tobi   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) There are no existing symbols for the transcription of the phonetic cues of prosody. Boundaries and tones are represented in separate tiers, aligned with the text by means of temporal coordinates. Using the transcriber tool and xwaves, a series of files are created during the transcription process which contain the information related to the different tiers. liceu.uab.es /publicacions/MATED1.1.6Prosody/annex2/Tobi.html   (556 words)

Drought question... In "downstep" languages, the pitch of successive morphemes is relative to preceding morphemes in an utterance. But I have the impression that Sumerologists are able to account for a great deal of the homophony in terms of segmental phonology rather than tones (on the basis of morphophonemic alternations visible in adjacent syllables?). Lexical tone seems to develop out of final stop consonants (but in order to see why, you'll need to know something of the acoustic phonetics of consonants and vowels), so tone is a typological property, not genetic and only weakly areal, and is liable to be found anywhere in the world. oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/2001/v2001.n080   (4742 words)

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