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Topic: Downy mildews

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		The powdery mildew that infects and damages gerbera daisy is not the same powdery mildew that causes problems in begonia; the powdery mildew that infects zinnia is different than the powdery mildew that infects kalanchoe.
		Downy mildew begins with yellow leaf lesions that appear as indefinite yellow or brownish areas on the upper leaf surface that represents a spore producing fungus.
		Downy mildew infection results in a soft, fluffy gray, brown, white or purple fungal sporulation developing on the underside of leaves.
	www.grreatideas.com /writing/mildew-article.html (1793 words)

	UGA - Extension Plant Pathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Downy mildews are primarily foliage blights that attack young, tender leaves, twigs, and fruits.
		A downy growth of fruiting structures and hyphae (sporangiophores) may be seen directly under the spots on the underside of the leaf or on fruits or stems.
		Downy mildew fungi are identified based upon the branching structure of the sporangiophores.
	www.plant.uga.edu /Extension/fungi/Downymildew.html (267 words)

	Mildew
		However, all downy mildew fungi are in the family Peronosporaceae, with the most common genera found in and around the garden being Bremia, Peronospora, Plasmopara and Pseudoperonospora.
		Downy mildews like it cool and moist, making them most troublesome in the eastern and northern areas of the U.S. Under humid, cool conditions, spores appear copiously on the lower surfaces of leaves, growing in tree-like formation on branched fruiting structures, unlike the powdery mildew spores, which are produced in chains.
		Unlike powdery mildew spores, which are spread by the wind, downy mildew is spread by splashing water.
	www.iserv.net /~wmize/mildew.htm (1325 words)

	UCONN IPM: Integrated Pest Management:Greenhouse:Plant Diseases:Downy Mildew
		Downy mildew is not as common as foliar blights caused by Botrytis.
		However, downy mildew infection results in a soft, fluffy gray, brown or purple fungal sporulation developing on the underside of leaves.
		Downy mildew may be carried over in infected plant debris in the soil and in weed hosts.
	www.hort.uconn.edu /Ipm/greenhs/htms/downymlgh.htm (838 words)

	hortIPM Publications
		Downy mildew infection is usually characterized by a greyish-purple growth on the under surfaces of infected leaves, which represents a combination of the sporangia of the fungus (spore producing structures of the fungus) together with the mycelium of the fungus.
		Downy mildew infection commonly results in the development of yellow "blotches" on the upper leaf surface of leaves.
		Both of these mildew pathogens produce spores on the leaf surface (powdery on the upper or lower leaf surface, downy usually on the lower lea surface), that can be readily blown and splashed from plant to plant.
	hortipm.tamu.edu /publications/Pathup1.html (583 words)

	Montréal Botanical Garden - Mildiou
		In Europe, downy mildews have caused epidemics in grapes and potatoes, leading to the loss of entire vineyards and a terrible famine.
		Downy mildew fungi are microscopic members of the class Oomycetes, oospore fungi.
		Downy mildews grow quickly when temperatures are cool or warm, but not too hot (optimum 20 °C), and when the air is very humid.
	www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca /jardin2/voirRavageurEN.do?idMaladie=46 (485 words)

	mildew - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		MILDEW [mildew] name for certain fungi and protists, for the diseases they cause in various crops, and for the discoloration (and sometimes the weakening and disintegration) they cause in such materials as leather, fabrics, and paper.
		Powdery mildews are classified in the kingdom Fungi, phylum (division) Ascomycota; downy mildews are classified in the kingdom Protista, phylum (division) Oomycota.
		Downy mildew resistance of the cucumber germplasm collection in North Carolina field tests.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-mildew.html (333 words)

	Misidentifying Mildews-GrowerTalks
		Downy mildew is caused by several oomycetes, most commonly Peronospora spp., that often produce foliar leaf spots and distortion.
		On geum, downy mildew often appears as pale green or yellow patches on the upper leaf surface.
		In the field, powdery mildew overwinters as fl pepper-like spore cases on dead leaves and stems of herbaceous plants.
	www.growertalks.com /archive/articles/1400.asp (815 words)

	Persea Mite in Santa Barbara County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Downy mildews are classical "compound-interest" plant diseases that develop at an exponential rate into local as well as regional epidemics.
		In general for downy mildews, seed transmission is not thought to be an important mechanism of disease spread.
		The threat of downy mildew epidemics should reinforce the need for communication and collaboration among coastal counties faced with intercepting and managing these potentially devastating new diseases.
	www.countyofsb.org /agcomm/html/mildew.htm (934 words)

	Soap Shield Directions
		Powdery mildews tend to occur on the upper leaf surfaces, as though a white powder was sprinkled onto the plant.
		Downy mildews tend to occur on the lower leaf surfaces.
		Downy mildews are much finer than powdery mildews, and appear as fine white cotton, similar to duck down.
	www.gardensalive.com /article.asp?ai=574 (1403 words)

	Downy Mildew Research Group
		Downy mildew fungi are amongst the most important diseases of crop plants, accounting for approximately 17% of global fungicide sales.
		Downy mildew of pea (Pisum sativum) is caused by Peronospora viciae, which also infects broad bean (Vicia faba, see Figures 1, 2 and 3) and wild relatives.
		Downy mildew is regarded as the most common foliar disease of the pea crop and is a major problem in the UK.
	science.uwe.ac.uk /downy (993 words)

	Downy Mildew of Rudbeckia
		Downy mildew initially causes light green spots on the upper leaf surface of infected plants.
		The downy mildew fungus (Plasmopora sp.) overwinters as oospores in dead plant material or in the soil.
		Downy mildews may occur on other garden plants, such as Artemisia, aster, cornflower, geranium, lupine, potentilla, rose, salvia, snapdragons, veronica, and pansy.
	www.ag.uiuc.edu /cespubs/hyg/secure/subscribers/200411a.html (261 words)

	In this issue
		Downy mildew should not be confused with powdery mildew; two unrelated fungi cause these diseases.
		Alternatively, downy mildew produces grayish or whitish fuzzy looking spores and mycelia that are generally confined to the lower leaf surfaces.
		Downy mildews are actually closely related to Pythium and Phytophthora, and are not considered true fungi.
	www.ipm.msu.edu /CAT04_land/l06-18-04txt.htm (5266 words)

	Downy Mildew of Grape, HYG-3013-95
		Downy mildew is a major disease of grapes throughout the eastern United States.
		On the underside of the leaf, the fungus mycelium (the "downy mildew") can be seen within the border of the lesion as a delicate, dense, white to grayish, cotton-like growth (Figure 2).
		Downy mildew is caused by the fungus Plasmopara viticola.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/3000/3013.html (881 words)

	Molecular Biology - ...
		The downy mildews are a group of oomycete plant pathogens that cause foliage blights and belong to the family Peronosporaceae.
		A large number of resistance genes (Dm genes) have been used to protect lettuce cultivars from downy mildew disease, but Dm gene-dependent resistance is usually overcome by rapid adaptation of the pathogen.
		So far, 195 clones from the downy mildew spores cDNA libraries have been sequenced and results are promising: about 5% of the ESTs are predicted to encode putative secreted proteins and 10 to 20% show significant similarity to other oomycete sequences in the database.
	www.bio.uu.nl /mg/pmg/research/downy_mildew.html (784 words)

	SFC Online Library -- Category Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Downy and powdery share the same name - mildew - but they are far from identical twins.
		The downy mildews are obligate parasites of many ornamental plants.
		Downy mildews occur most commonly on greenhouse grown ornamentals, but can also infect outdoor plants during cool, wet weather.
	www.sfc.ucdavis.edu /library/category_results.asp?FormCat=Fungus (278 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Downy Mildew on Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries
		The name downy mildew is somewhat descriptive of the appearance of the white, tan, lavender, and purple sporulation that occurs usually on the undersides of leaves.
		Downy mildew infections are sometimes angular in shape and delimited by veins.
		The downy mildews are more specific as to hosts than the powdery mildews, but the big difference between the two is that downy mildews require very wet conditions to flourish.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r280101111.html (345 words)

	APSnet Education Center - Lab Exercise - Oomycetes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Downy mildew of grape lesson from the APSnet Introductory Lessons in Plant Pathology.
		In Peronospora and other genera causing downy mildews, sporangiophores are branched and tree-like, with a single sporangium at the tip of each branch, and are often found emerging from the stomates.
		Peronospora parasitica, cause of downy mildew of broccoli
	www.apsnet.org /education/LabExercises/Oomycetes/Top.html (1750 words)

	Downy mildews of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The downy mildew diseases are caused by different fungus species in several genera in the class Oomycetes.
		In India, downy mildews have been reported on several economically important crops, including maize, sorghum, pearl millet, onion, soyabean, cucurbits and grapes, causing severe economic losses in some regions and seasons.
		In view of the economic importance of the crops, and prevalence and severity of the disease, the downy mildews have been classified into high, moderate and low research priority problems.
	trophort.com /information/data/B01/S24/THA02DOW3330947.html (140 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Downy Mildew on Spinach
		Initial symptoms of downy mildew consist of bright yellow spots that form on cotyledons and leaves of all ages.
		Downy mildew is clearly the most widespread and destructive spinach disease in California.
		During the past 50 years in California, each outbreak of a new downy mildew race was later matched by the development of resistant spinach lines.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r732100111.html (763 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: A Cox2 Phylogenetic Hypothesis for the Downy Mildews and White Rusts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		All three analyses indicate that downy mildews infecting grasses or broadleaf plant hosts share a common ancestry with each other and culturable water molds such as Pythium and Phytophthora.
		Although the downy mildews, Pythium, Phytophthora, and white rusts cluster within the same subclass, the white rusts were considered to have separated from a more ancient common ancestor.
		Technical Abstract: Mitochondrially encoded cox2 sequences were used to infer evolutionary relationships of downy mildew and white rust taxa in a data set of 36 peronosporomycete isolates.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=141467 (358 words)

	Phylogenetic relationships of the downy mildews (Peronosporales) and related groups based on nuclear large subunit ...
		Dick MW., 1988 Coevolution in the heterokont fungi (with emphasis on the downy mildews and their angiosperm hosts).
		———, Wong PTW, Clark G., 1984 The identity of the oomycete causing ‘Kikuyu Yellows’, with a reclassification of the downy mildews.
		nov., a downy mildew of pearl millet in Ethiopia.
	www.mycologia.org /cgi/content/full/94/5/834?ck=nck (4714 words)

	Foliar Diseases on Cantaloupe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Downy mildew is a disease that blows into South Carolina from fields farther south about May 15 each year.
		To prevent an outbreak of downy mildew, spray chlorothalonil (Echo or Bravo) starting in early May. To see when downy mildew is predicted to arrive in South Carolina, check the Curcurbit Downy Mildew Forecast Homepage.
		Powdery mildew is no longer a serious threat to cantaloupes because of resistance to the common race 1 in new hybrid cultivars.
	www.clemson.edu /coastalrec/Melcast/CTfoldis.html (415 words)

	New Page 1
		On the leaves, the mold is associated with a yellowish patch on the upper surface and the formation of white sporangiophores beneath.
		The entire sporangia are released, and fall to the ground to be picked up by emerging seedlings, or are carried on the wind to land on the leaves of more mature plants.
		Figure 8: Diagram of downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) on the leaf.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/16labman05/lb2pg4.htm (297 words)

	CUCURBIT DOWNY MILDEW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		I will be providing them with information on the status of cucurbit downy mildews in Kentucky, as are colleagues for their states.
		The team at NCSU will evaluate that information and weather events to release timely information on the occurrence of downy mildew on cucurbits in the United States and to forecast future movements of inoculum (pathogen spores).
		Control information for cucurbit downy mildew is also available from this site, and in general it fits Kentucky's situation.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/kpn/kyblue/downy.htm (224 words)

	CHANGES IN DISEASE EPIDEMICS OF GREENHOUSE-GROWN CROPS
		Common diseases in group i are gray, leaf and white molds, late blight, rusts and downy mildews; those of group ii.
		Examples of the change in the prevalence of humidity-promoted diseases are the increased severity and earlier appearance of tomato downy mildew during autumn, frequent epidemics of rust and downy mildew during summer in greenhouse-grown roses, and the increased severity of tomato leaf mold during most of the year, including the summer.
		Conversely, powdery mildew epidemics are increasingly frequent in greenhouses, especially warmed ones, during winter, the most pronounced of these is the outbreak of pepper powdery mildew.
	www.actahort.org /books/534/534_24.htm (314 words)

	Mile High Growing - Vol. 12, No. 1
		Downy mildews are not a common problem in Colorado greenhouses, but appear sporadically each year during the cooler months, late fall through early spring.
		Downy mildews are host specific, for example the disease on roses is caused by Peronospora sparsa while the same disease on lisianthus is caused by Peronospora chlorae and on snapdragons it is caused by Peronospora antirrhini.
		Downy mildews develop under conditions of high humidity, prolonged leaf wetness, and cool weather.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/HLA/GHEX/newsletter/vol_12/vol_12_no_1.htm (1153 words)

	UCONN IPM: Integrated Pest Management:Greenhouse Update
		The hot, humid weather was favorable for many different diseases including powdery mildew, downy mildew, erwinia, web blights, etc. Continued high temperatures were favorable for mites and thrips on various crops, however, high temperatures made it difficult to spray.
		Downy mildews symptoms appear very rapidly and tend to be much more difficult to control than powdery mildew.
		Conditions that promote leaf wetness, such as high relative humidity, overhead irrigation and close spacing, favor downy mildews.
	www.hort.uconn.edu /ipm/greenhs/htms/ghsemsg200516.htm (771 words)

	CGC18-12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Riggle and Dunleavy (1981) studied the histology of leaf infection of susceptible and resistant soybeans by Peronospora manshurica (4).
		In order to provide a scientific basis for downy mildew resistance in China, we studied the resistance mechanism of various Chinese cucumber cultivars.
		Downy mildew diseases caused by the genus Bremia Regel.
	cuke.hort.ncsu.edu /cgc/cgc18/cgc18-12.html (1039 words)

	Aminotransferases Confer "Enzymatic Resistance" to Downy Mildew in Melon -- Eckardt 16 (1): 1 -- THE PLANT CELL
		downy mildew in a variety of plant families.
		Balass, M., Cohen, Y., and Bar-Joseph, M. Identification of a constitutive 45 kD soluble protein associated with resistance to downy mildew in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) line PI 124111F.
		Cohen, Y., Eyal, H., Hanania, J., and Malik, Z. Ultrastructure of Pseudoperonospora cubensis in muskmelon genotype susceptible and resistant to downy mildew.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/1/1 (1627 words)

	Advances in Downy Mildew Research Volume 2
		Emphasis in this second volume of Advances in Downy Mildew Research is on the biology of compatible interactions, forecasting and epidemiology, host specialisation, genetic variability amongst pathogen populations, novel methods for detection and systematics, and induced resistance.
		Contributions on specific downy mildews include Bremia lactucae, Peronospora destructor, Peronospora sparsa, Peronospora viciae, Plasmopara halstedii, Plasmopara viticola, Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Sclerospora graminicola.
		Temporal and spatial variation in virulence of natural populations of Bremia lactucae occurring on Lactuca serriola; I. Petrelová and A. Lebeda.- Downy mildew of pearl millet: present scenario in India; J.K. Dang and M.S. Panwar.
	www.cplbookshop.com /contents/C2062.htm (501 words)

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