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	Drainage System Components
		Drainage systems need a method to collect and concentrate water flow at a location.
		Drainage gravel should be rounded rock ranging in size from 3/4 inches to 11/2 inches in diameter.
		Drainage system installation should be done during dry weather periods except in emergency situations.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/sea/pubs/95-107/components01.html (1650 words)

	Storm Drainage System - Fairfax County, Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It's not part of the wastewater (sanitary) sewer system, which carries water and waste from drains (sinks, bathtubs, showers, etc.) and toilets to a treatment plant to be treated and filtered.
		The county is responsible for maintaining the public drainage system and structures within the easement to allow for proper function of the system.
		Drainage directed from gutters, downspouts or other private systems to neighboring properties is a civil matter between the property owners.
	www.fairfaxcounty.gov /dpwes/utilities/stormdrains.htm (904 words)

	Planning an Agricultural Subsurface Drainage System (Publication Series)
		To protect crops, a subsurface drainage system must be able to remove excess water from the upper portion of the active root zone 24 to 48 hours after a heavy rain.
		The system outlet, whether an open channel or a closed pipe, must be large enough to carry the desired drainage discharge from a field quickly enough to prevent significant crop damage.
		When a system of parallel laterals is used, the drain spacing and depth should be considered simultaneously, based on soil type, soil permeability and stratification, the crops to be grown, the desired drainage coefficient, and the degree of surface drainage.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/cropsystems/DC7685.html (3051 words)

	LICO Factsheet No. 10 - Recommendations for the Drainage of Playing Fields
		Agricultural drainage, as mentioned earlier, has a huge volume of scientific and practical literature associated with it and can be he applied to grassed recreational areas and golf fairways.
		Drainage equipment should be light to prevent damage to the playing surface, or have wider tracks to reduce compaction and surface damage.
		On heavy clay soils a systematic drainage system may be necessary throughout; drains should run parallel to fairway lines except where slopes do not permit — 3 to 4 pipes per fairway; on recreational areas a general plan should be drawn up as for agricultural drainage but with spacing and depth as below.
	www.drainage.org /factsheets/fs10.htm (2110 words)

	Drainage System - Basement Systems offers two drainage systems
		By installing a drainage system around the inside of the basement along the wall, you can capture water at the most common point of entry - the floor/wall joint.
		Today, a system called WaterGuard, developed in 1994, has proven to have all the benefits for which homeowners and contractors are looking.
		In some cases, such as in basements where there is no footing (i.e.; monolithic basement floors), a system called DryTrak, which is a baseboard water drainage system, may be installed.
	www.basementsystems.com /basement_waterproofing/waterproofing_products/basement_waterproofing_system (362 words)

	CactusBoard Basement Footing Wall Drain - Basement Water Drainage System for New Construction.
		If there were only a water drainage basement system to solve this...
		The CactusBoard basement footing/wall water drainage system forms a space between the edge of the basement floor and the basement wall, and across the footing, allowing water from the perimeter and the walls to drain into the stone aggregate under the floor and then into a sump pump basin or gravity drain.
		Call-backs and efforts to resolve this water drainage problem are time consuming and costly, particularly when it could have ALL BEEN AVOIDED with a small investment in CactusBoard during construction!
	www.cactusboard.com (392 words)

	National Register Evaluation of New Orleans Drainage System -- New Orleans District History -- U.S. Army Corps of ...
		The modern New Orleans drainage system represents a unique technological solution to natural conditions that have played an important role in the settlement and expansion of the city.
		The system was designed in 1895, and construction of the system began in 1897.
		1, 3, 6, and 7, built in the period 1897-1903, are original constituents of the system that have been expended in capacity as the drainage requirements of the city have grown.
	www.mvn.usace.army.mil /pao/history/NO_Drainage/NewOrleansDrainage.htm (275 words)

	Agricultural Drainage - Publication Series: Soil Water Conceptes
		When subsurface drainage is present, excess water drains-by the same process as the example above-from the soil profile through the drains, until the water table is lowered to the depth of the drain, below the ground surface.
		The deeper and healthier the root system is, the larger this effect will be, for a given crop, with the maximum effect occurring later in the growing season as the crop and its root system matures.
		Drainage removes "drainable" water from the soil the same way a potted plant with a hole in the bottom of the pot drains after watering.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/cropsystems/DC7644.html (4475 words)

	Site Water Drainage Composites
		This is a modular composite drainage and collection system consisting of a 3-dimensional, high flow, drainage core which is wrapped with a non-woven filter fabric.
		A Geonet composite drainage system consisting of geonet core heat-fused to a layer of non-woven filter fabric on both sides providing drainage and filtration on two sides.
		A geonet composite drainage system consisting of a geonet core heat-fused to a layer of non-woven filter fabric on the face and a coated protection layer bonded to the back side, providing protection for soft membrane waterproofing systems.
	www.fieldliningsystems.com /geocomposite.html (839 words)

	EPA - Ag 101, Crop Production - Drainage
		Drainage is primarily a concern in the periods prior to the growing season (January to April) so that crops can be planted at the optimum time.
		Drainage contractors use these recommendations to design drainage systems that economically and effectively drain a particular field.
		One system being developed in Ohio combines a wetland for water treatment and a pond serving as a reservoir for subirrigation with a drainage system.
	www.epa.gov /agriculture/ag101/cropdrainage.html (1116 words)

	Pavement Subsurface Drainage Systems
		Drainage prevents the buildup of free water in the pavement section, thereby reducing the damaging effects of load and environment.
		Permeable base and drainage systems add cost to a highway project, and there is little documented data on the costs and benefits of anticipated performance improvements.
		Design guidelines are needed to determine when construction of a drainage system is cost-effective for special climatic conditions (e.g., arid and semi-arid climates with significant snow melt and the positive and negative effects during freeze-thaw events).
	www.usroads.com /journals/rmej/9803/rm980304.htm (5260 words)

	OPERATING CONTROLLED DRAINAGE AND SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEMS
		Systems whose designs focus on drainage are, in general, not adequate to function in both modes.
		For example, in case of heavy rains and systems which do not have adequate drainage, operators must be prepared to manually lower the structure to increase the drainage rate.
		On systems which are designed for controlled drainage or subirrigation, the water control structure does not need to be lowered after heavy rains provided the system is being operated and managed as it was designed.
	www.bae.ncsu.edu /programs/extension/evans/ag356.html (2768 words)

	Planning a subsurface drainage system -
		Subsurface drainage is used where the soil is permeable enough to allow for economical spacing of the drains and productive enough to justify the investment.
		The need for subsurface drainage systems is related to the water table elevation in the spring, the permeability of the soil and underlying subsoil materials, and the crop requirements.
		To maximize the benefits of drainage, there must be a complete system of management: proper fertilization, improved crop varieties, higher plant populations, earlier planting, weed and insect control,and improved harvesting methods.
	www.wca-infonet.org /cds_static/en/planning_subsurface_drainage_system_en_1230_91615.html (208 words)

	Water Management System
		The water supply and drainage system of the rice fields depend mainly on the tidal water levels in the adjoining canals.
		The construction of an intensive canal system which enables supply within a few hours at high tide to all rice fields is essential.That means that the supply system should be extended by shortening the distance from canal to each particular rice field.The shorter the distance the better.
		This system could be used to improve percolation, but also could be used as a sub-surface infiltration system for relatively high areas to prevent a deep drop of groundwater tables during the growing season of rice.
	www.eelaart.com /system.htm (1349 words)

	Clallam County Roads - Drainage Plans
		In this county, an approved drainage plan is required prior to the issuance of a building permit for either a new structure or for the enlargement of an existing structure.
		Soils which allow the use of either a conventional sewage disposal system or a pressurized sewage disposal system (due to excessively porous soils) are considered to be sufficiently permeable.
		Drainage system inspections will be conducted only during regularly scheduled building inspections prior to the final inspection, and installation must be complete prior to the final inspection.
	www.clallam.net /Roads/html/road_drainage.htm (1357 words)

	Drainage
		It is inserted into a shallow trench in place of pipe and gravel to provide drainage in lawns and landscape without disrupting the surrounding areas.
		This drainage comosite can be used for interior or exterior drainage applications and is provided in rolls.
		It gathers water to be delivered and released to water-safe areas away from structures, erosion-prone landscapes and poor drainage areas.
	www.masternurseries.com /drainage.html (1041 words)

	Drainage for Thornton Creek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Four of these outfalls are to Lake Washington, and 80 are to the creeks and ditches drainage system which, along with the other drainage types, are briefly described in structure and status below.
		A natural drainage system is comprised of the naturally occurring creeks.
		Though the Thornton Creek system is called a natural drainage system and most of the larger creeks have been left above ground, the system is still highly modified and impacted by human inhabitation.
	online.caup.washington.edu /courses/LArch504/Drainage.htm (449 words)

	Drainage system
		Once the roof type has been determined, careful attention must be paid to the type of roof drainage system to be installed.
		The major factors to be considered in the selection of a roof drainage system are the area to be drained, size of gutters, downspouts and outlets, slope of roof, type of building, and appearance.
		Whatever type of drainage system is chosen, be sure that all fabrication and installation work is done according to SMACNA standards and specifications.
	www.tinsmithhawaii.com /drainage_system.htm (473 words)

	Drainage Problems
		The rootzone layer is a uniform depth of 12”, the gravel layer is 4” in depth, subsurface drainage utilizes a minimum 4” pipe, and the subgrade should conform to the general slope of the finished grade.
		Often, surface drainage systems are placed on the outer perimeters of these types of systems to facilitate water removal.
		From the standpoint of internal drainage, seeding and sprigging are almost always preferable to sodding, because seeding and sprigging add little or no unwanted materials (such as silt or clay) to the rootzone.
	www.turfdiag.com /drainage_problems.htm (2008 words)

	Jade Lymphatic Drainage
		The Lymphatic System is often ignored, its vitality is crucial to the health of the immune system.
		Your lymphatic system includes a vast network of capillaries that transport the lymph a series of nodes throughout the body (primarily in the neck, groin, and armpits) that collect the lymph and 3 organs, namely the tonsils, spleen, and thynius gland, which produce white blood cells (called lymphocytes), vital to the immune system.
		The primary purpose of the lymphatic system is to collect the lymph and to return its contents to the bloodstream.
	www.essentialprofiles.com /html/JadeLymphaticDrainage.htm (787 words)

	Chest drainage therapy
		Conditions that may need to be treated by chest drainage therapy include emphysema (air in the tissues of the lungs), tuberculosis, and spontaneous pneumothorax (air in the chest cavity) that causes more than a 25% collapse of the lung.
		One commonly used system is a water-seal drainage system, comprised of three compartments that collect and drain the fluid or air without allowing air to backflow into the tube.
		Once the tube and drainage system are in place, a chest x ray is done to confirm that the tube is in the right location, and that it is working.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/chest_drainage_therapy.jsp (891 words)

	Drainage System Work Will Complete Navajo Boulevard Widening Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The drainage system is the final piece of the widening project, which was a joint venture of the city and ADOT.
		The city is responsible for completion of the drainage channel, which was originally to have been constructed prior to or at the same time as the street widening.
		Along with changes to the drainage during the widening project, the construction of the drainage channel is expected to alleviate many of the problems experienced along the north end of Navajo Blvd. during heavy rains.
	www.azjournal.com /pages/news/2006/November06/112206drainage.html (399 words)

	HOME BUILDING : Plumbing : The Drainage System: Drain Waste-Vent System : DIY Network
		The distribution piping is the system that brought the water to the toilet bowl and the drain waste-vent system (figure A) transports all the used water and waste from the house to the sewer or septic system.
		At this point you've followed the drainage system from the faucets down through the house, and now the waste water pipes are ready to be tied into the sewer line.
		The amount of fall in your sewer system is going to depend upon what your elevation of the home is and what the elevation of the city connection location is. The fall for the drain waste-vent system is 1/4-inch per foot, which carries fluids through the sewage system.
	www.diyhelp.com /diy/hm_plumbing/article/0,2085,DIY_16804_3237043,00.html (640 words)

	Seattle Public Utilities -- Natural Drainage Overview
		The pipes and ditches of traditional drainage systems carry runoff with traces of everyday contaminants such as oil, paint, fertilizer, and heavy metals directly into creeks, lakes, and Puget Sound.
		Natural drainage systems limit the negative impacts of stormwater runoff by redesigning residential streets to take advantage of plants, trees, and soils to clean runoff and manage stormwater flows.
		This natural drainage pilot project was the first natural drainage system constructed by the City of Seattle.
	www.seattle.gov /util/About_SPU/Drainage_&_Sewer_System/Natural_Drainage_Systems/Natural_Drainage_Overview/index.asp (371 words)

	How to install a lawn drainage system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Most drainage systems are based on agricultural systems, which can be very effective in a garden lawn or a sports ground set up.
		The key to designing and installing a drainage system in a lawn is to remember that the water must be able to travel from the surface to the drain, which is installed under the lawn.
		Firstly you must consider the fact that all drainage systems work because water will always flow to the lowest point, so you need to design the system so that the drainage water will drain to the lowest point in your garden – into a ditch or a soak away.
	www.gardenadvice.co.uk /howto/lawns/drainage/index.html (613 words)

	Drainage Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Take all the steps necessary to preserve your home's drainage system, which regulates moisture content of the soil surrounding your home.
		You need to upkeep your home's drainage system so that it will continue to regulate the moisture content of soil surrounding your house.
		Drainage swales or other discharge channels were sized and sloped to accommodate water runoff and should be kept clear of debris such as leaves, gravel and trash.
	www.ribuilders.org /LIBRARY/DRAINAGE_SYSTEMS.HTML (522 words)

	:: Water Quality Modification ::
		There are three basic forms of drainage control on a steep slope: above ground drainage diversion above the cut slope area; sub-surface drainage within the slope; and pipe drainage from within the steep slope, primarily for draining active seepage such as springs.
		A secondary, and overall less effective method of entrapping and diverting drainage water on the slope is the use of sub-surface interception ditches parallel to the contours of the slope.
		Drainage in its most simplified form is a process of collecting, conducting, and disposing of drainage water.
	www.polydrip.com /drainage.php (1122 words)

	Managing Drainage Around Your Property (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Drainage problems can cause significant damage to your home, property, and the City of Kirkland storm drain system.
		Kirkland’s Public Works Department can provide plans of the City’s storm drainage system in your area, which you could use to determine how your current system is connected to the City’s system and for the installation of additional components.
		A drainage system can be installed to divert the stormwater flows around and away from your home.
	www.ci.kirkland.wa.us /depart/Public_Works/Storm___Surface_Water/Managing_Drainage_Around_Your_Property.htm (865 words)

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