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	Encyclopedia: Drake Passage
		Francis Drake was born in Tavistock, Devon, the son of Mary or Elizabeth Mylwaye (Mildmay ?) and her husband Edmund Drake (1518â“1585), a Protestant farmer (who later became a preacher) and grandson of John Drake and Margaret Cole.
		Drake crossed from the Atlantic to the Pacific through the Magellan Strait, after which a storm blew his ship so far south, he almost might have realized that Tierra del Fuego, the island seen to the south of the Magellan Strait, was not part of a southern continent (as was believed at that time).
		Drake set sail from England with five galleons and headed to the Strait of Magellan, near the southern tip of South America, and then explored the waters he had seen from the Isthmus of Panama.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Drake-Passage (978 words)

	COAST - Continental Margins - Continental Slope - Drake Passage
		COAST - Continental Margins - Continental Slope - Drake Passage
		The waters between the tip of South America and the tip of the Antarctica are known as the Drake Passage, named for Sir Francis Drake, the British pirate and explorer.
		Within the Drake Passage the continental rise does not appear to be as extensive as at other passive margin conditions.
	www.coast-nopp.org /visualization_modules/physical_chemical/basin_coastal_morphology/principal_features/continental_margins/continental_slope/drake.html (112 words)

	Facts about topic: (Drake Passage) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first recorded voyage through the passage was that of the Eendracht, captained by Willem Schouten (additional info and facts about Willem Schouten) in 1616.
		The boundary between the Atlantic (The 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east) and Pacific Ocean (The largest ocean in the world) s is sometimes taken to be the shortest distance from Cape Horn to Snow Island (160 miles north of mainland Antarctica).
		The passage is entirely open water, except for the very small Diego Ramirez Islands (additional info and facts about Diego Ramirez Islands) about 50 km (30 mi) south of Cape Horn.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/dr/drake_passage.htm (239 words)

	about03a The Drake Passage
		The Drake Passage is the body of water from Cape Horn to the Antarctic Peninsula.
		The Drake Passage was on everyone's mind when we left Ushuaia, Argentina at 6:30 AM aboard the Russian Ice Breaker Capatain Drynetsin.
		The beginning of the Drake Passage was very smooth with a gentle swell.
	www.raydoan.com /abouts/about03a.htm (857 words)

	Ball of Dirt on Paradise Harbour, Antarctica / Edwin van de Koolwijk / South America and Antarctica in a Nutshell / The ...
		A deep straight (average depth of 3600 meters and 620 miles wide), the Drake Passage is bounded by Cape Horn in the north and the South Shetland Islands, just north of the Antarctic Peninsula, in the south.
		Young captain Francis Drake, the son of a humble farmer in Tavistock, had gained the Queen's favour and obtained her secret consent to the expedition that was to put a girdle around the earth and ultimately threatening the resources of Spain.
		The Drake Passage where we are still sailing through is the narrowest part of the Southern Ocean and therefore has the strongest currents, and most powerful winds.
	www.ballofdirt.com /entries/2625/14246.html (1961 words)

	Port: Drake Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Drake Passage, the deep waterway 600 miles (1,000 km) wide, connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans south of Tierra del Fuego, off which, on Hornos Island, stands the headland of Cape Horn, the southernmost point of South America.
		The Drake Passage played an important part in the trade of the 19th and early 20th centuries before the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914.
		Drake did not sail through the passage but passed instead through the Straits of Magellan to the north of Tierra del Fuego, although he was blown back into the northern latitudes of the passage by a Pacific storm.
	www.i-cruise.com /cruise_content/port_Drake_Passage.htm (312 words)

	Antarctica: Drake Passage
		The Drake Passage has earned a place in history as having some of the roughest sea weather on the planet.
		The Drake Passage occurs where the fast flowing southern ocean waters are squeezed between the continental land masses of South America and Antarctica.
		The Pacific Ocean meets the Atlantic ocean in the Drake Passage and sailing from east to west was a battle for sailing ships throughout history.
	www.cybamuse.com /antarctica/drake.htm (284 words)

	Scuttlebutt: News Center: The Drake Passage Conquered
		The Drake’s Passage, infamous for its shipwrecks, huge quadrangular waves, unpredictable storms, icebergs and freezing temperatures, presented a formidable challenge to the two sailors.
		The Drake Passage served up a mixture of conditions ranging from dead calm to 25 knots with seas running at up to 5 meters.
		Seasickness, freezing air and water temperatures left the sailors exhausted to the point of experiencing mild hallucinations as the reached they Peninsula in the early hours of the morning on the 8th February.
	www.sailingscuttlebutt.com /news/03/1027drake (578 words)

	Antarctica Cruise: Antartic Peninsula South Shetland Island 11 days
		Crossing the Drake Passage Named after the renowned explorer, Sir Frances Drake, who sailed these waters in 1578, the Drake Passage also marks the Antarctic Convergence, a biological barrier where cold polar water sinks beneath the warmer northern waters.
		As we sail across the passage, Antarpply Expeditions’ lecturers will be out with you on deck to help in the identification of an amazing variety of seabirds, including many albatrosses, which follow in our wake.
		Sailing through the narrow passage into the flooded caldera of Deception Island and the chance to swim in the hot springs of Pendulum Cove is truly amazing.
	www.argentinianexplorer.com /english/cruises-antartida.asp (786 words)

	Drake Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It forms part of the Southern Ocean.The Drake Passage has some of the worst sea weather in the world.
		The first recorded voyage through the passage was thatof the Eendracht (named for the home town of the ship's captain, Willem Schouten) in 1616.
		The boundarybetween the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is sometimes taken to be the shortest distance from Cape Horn to Snow Island (160 miles northof mainland Antarctica).
	www.therfcc.org /drake-passage-82047.html (217 words)

	Geochemical tracing of Pacific-to-Atlantic upper mantle flow through Drake Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The measured movements of tectonic plates reveal that the upper mantle beneath the Pacific Ocean is contracting while the volume of upper mantle beneath the Atlantic and Indian Oceans is growing.
		Drake Passage is one of only three 'gateways' where there is no obstruction to the outflow of Pacific mantle.
		Geochemical analyses of volcanic rock samples dredged from the floor of the Scotia Sea confirm that there was outflow of Pacific mantle during the opening Drake Passage, which took place between 30 million and 6 million years ago.
	www.antarctica.ac.uk /BAS_Science/Highlights/2001/drake_passage.html (233 words)

	Drake Passage Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The passage is 400 miles wide and thus is the shortest crossing from Antartica to the rest of the world's land.
		The boundary between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is sometimes taken to be the shortest distance from Cape Horn to Snow Island (160 miles north of mainland Antartica).
		Alternative the meridan that passes through Cape Horn may be taken as the boundary.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/d/dr/drake_passage.html (225 words)

	Drake Passage -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		One of the world's severest maritime challenges, the route is located 500 miles (800 km) north of the Arctic Circle and less than 1,200 miles (1,930 km) from the North...
		Lying 90 miles (150 km) north of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, the islands extend for 320 miles (510 km) and have a total area of 1,800 square miles (4,700 square km).
		Drake realized that England could gain more by seizing Spanish treasure in the West Indies than by smuggling slaves.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9031137 (758 words)

	CCPO Seminar Fall 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since the Levitus98 data are objectively analyzed from historical cruise data, the frontal features especially in Drake Passage are smoothed due to the temporal and spatial frontal variability.
		We reconstructed the frontal features of temperature and salinity in Drake Passage from the mean historical location of fronts [Orsi, 1994].
		The results show that the seamounts aligned on a submarine ridge in Drake Passage control the frontal shifting, meandering and ring development and propagation.
	www.ccpo.odu.edu /Misc/zhang112904.html (331 words)

	Upper ocean temperature and the baroclinic transport stream function relationship in Drake Passage
		Repeat hydrographic sections across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in Drake Passage are used to derive an empirical relationship between upper ocean temperature and the baroclinic transport stream function.
		The tight relationship between temperature and stream function in Drake Passage and south of Australia suggests baroclinic transports can be inferred from XBT temperatures with high accuracy in the Southern Ocean, providing a cost-effective means of monitoring ACC variability.
		However, care must be taken at the end points, particularly in the Drake Passage where the strong flow of the Subantarctic Front sometimes lies over the continental slope.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2003JC002010.shtml (380 words)

	Blogcritics.org: Dark Passage: Nick Drake's Rough Magic
		Drake was a shy, middle-class Cambridge University literature student in 1969 when Island, one of the hottest labels of the time, released his debut Five Leaves Left.
		But even when Drake seems to be singing to a departed lover -- and the lovers in his songs are nearly always departed -- it is less the lover he is addressing than the nature of loss itself.
		Though Drake was, i think, a greater talent, i have the same feeling that i had for Elliott Smith, who no doubt, was influence by Drake in some ways as witnessed in his lyrics.
	blogcritics.org /archives/2004/06/23/102454.php (2448 words)

	- en (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Water mass export from Drake passage to the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans: a Lagrangian model analysis.
		The northward export of intermediate water from Drake Passage is investigated in two global ocean general circulation models (GCMs) by means of quantitative particle tracing diagnostics.
		We assess the robustness of a theory that relates the export from Drake Passage to the Equator to the wind stress over the Southern Ocean.
	www.knmi.nl /publications/abstract.php?id=182 (288 words)

	Drake Passage Menu
		The Drake Passage is between Cape Horn at the tip of South America and outer islands along the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula.
		The open space for the current to flow through is constricted by the relatively small space between the South American and Antarctic continents.
		Hence, the reputation for rough crossings of the Drake Passage.
	www.tylersterritory.com /travel/samerica/drake/drake-menu.html (91 words)

	Drake Passage Transect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although cyanobacterial abundance was positively correlated with temperature the relationship was not suggested as having a "cause-and-effect" basis.
		On Polar Duke 94-12 we took the opportunity of having an experienced science team in place to attempt our second Drake Passage underway sampling survey (Figure 2).
		Phycoerythrin-containing cyanobacteria in surface waters of the Drake Passage during February 1987.
	hahana.soest.hawaii.edu /santacls/viil.html (137 words)

	Dec 14 - Drake Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Well that is when we're underway in between scientific stations as we are undertaking the annual Drake Passage CTD survey, but more of that later.
		The Drake Passage is an advantageous location to observe the ACC.
		The Drake Passage section is possibly the most important section of the Southern Ocean, partly due to its accessibility and being the narrowest point, but is also the immediate link between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
	www.antarctica.ac.uk /Living_and_Working/Diaries/RRS_James_Clark_Ross/antarctic2003_2004/13_12 (1659 words)

	Wings Birding Tours... Atlantic Odyssey 2001 Birdlist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One in the N Drake Passage, 16 March, then seen regularly from S Georgia to waters N of Tristan, max 1000s offshore at Tristan in late p.m.
		Small numbers in Drake Passage and at sea from S of S Orkneys to Tristan, commonest at and around S Georgia; 62-37 degrees south (mainly S of 53 degrees south), surface sea temperature 0-18 degrees centigrade.
		Fairly common Drake Passage, and at sea between peninsula and to N of S Georgia where some overlap with White-bellied; 62-47 degrees south, surface sea temperature 0-7 degrees centigrade, mainly S of the convergence.
	wingsbirds.com /birdlists/aobirdlist.htm (1753 words)

	Science Project Number OO-260-O / 2000-2001 Field Season (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wherever the distance between Antarctica and other continents is narrowed--so-called chokepoints such as the Drake Passage off the tip of South America and the sea regions between Antarctica and the Cape of Good Hope and Tasmania, respectively--the current is even stronger.
		Specifically, since 1996 scientists in this research project have collected data to characterize the water mass variability in the Drake Passage, to describe temperature and circulation variability in the Southern Ocean, and to define the role of the Southern Ocean in the global climate system.
		As the ship crosses the Drake Passage, approximately 60 XBT profiles are made, beginning and ending at the 200-meter bathymetric contour on either side of the passage.
	www.polar.org /science/SciPlanSummaries/sps00/00_OO_260_O.htm (462 words)

	Drake Passage - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Drake Passage - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It is named after 16th century British explorer Sir Francis Drake.
		The first recorded voyage through the passage was that of the Eendracht, captained by Willem Schouten in 1616.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Drake_Passage (280 words)

	drake passage
		Reflecting on a year's worth of travels, the boat ride from South America, across the Drake Passage, to Antarctica easily registers as my worst moment.
		Drake Passage is the open ocean between the tip of South America and Antarctica.
		The founders complete all procedures themselves, without middlemen, facilitators, accountants or lawyers, unless the use of such third party is mandated by law.
	www.passage.sale-z.info /drake-passage (419 words)

	R/V Polar Duke "sea story" #10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Before deployment in September 1989, I had been warned of the massive waves and unkindly seas that one might encounter in Drake Passage.
		The intensity of the seas are still talked about today and our September 1989 northbound journey stands as one of the roughest on record during the 13-year Polar Duke charter.
		The estimated wave heights were >20-25 m (that's meters!).....in any case, a picture or two is worth a thousand words so I will leave you with a bridge-eye view of the fury of the Drake (photos).
	hahana.soest.hawaii.edu /pduke/asper.html (208 words)

	CSIRO Marine Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Previous theories have suggested that the Drake Passage transport is governed by the Cape Horn Sverdrup transport or, alternatively, is proportional to the square root of the meridional Ekman transport at the latitude of Drake Passage.
		When the magnitudes of the model's parameters are kept fixed, the results show a very strong correlation between Drake Passage transport and both the strength of the meridional Ekman transport at the latitude of Drake Passage and the thermohaline circulation off the Antarctic shelf.
		The best estimate from the model is that the meridional Ekman transport drives about 100 Sverdrups of Drake Passage transport, while the remaining 30 Sverdrups are driven by the global thermohaline circulation.
	www.marine.csiro.au /seminars/sem-abs03/gent.html (226 words)

	The Drake Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We had the privilege of sailing the Drake Passage twice.
		Oh, I almost forgot, this is titled "The Drake Passage"… OK, Sir Francis Drake, in my opinion mostly a glorified pirate, was one of the first to sail between South America and the Antarctic continent.
		When Columbus sailed, most people knew that China and India were out there somewhere, they had warm weather, the seas were steady and he landed on a Caribbean island, for Pete’s sake.
	peterson-gunn.home.att.net /the_drake_passage.htm (366 words)

	The Drake Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Drake Passage gets its name from Sir Francis Drake (1540-1596), an English Explorer and buccaneer.
		Drake was born in Devon and had been sailing the seas since he was thirteen years old.
		Whilst sailing just out of the Straits of Magellan, Drake’s vessel The Golden Hind, was struck by a severe storm.
	www.operation-snowbird.com /Antarctica/Drake.htm (284 words)

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