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	DRANGIANA
		According to Strabo, the northern part of Drangiana was bordered both on the north and the west by Aria, whereas most Drangian territory extended south of the Parapamisus and was bordered on the west by Carmania, on the south by Gedrosia, and on the east by Arachosia.
		The most detailed description, though riddled with errors, is that of Ptolemy (6.19), according to whom Drangiana was bounded in the west and north by Aria, in the east by Arachosia, and in the south by Gedrosia; a river, supposedly a branch of the Arabis, flowed through it.
		Barsaë´nte@s, satrap of Arachosia and Drangiana, was one of the accomplices of the usurper Bessos (q.v.) against the last Achaemenid king, Darius III (q.v.; Arrian 3.21.1; cf.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f5/v7f565.html (1234 words)

	Eucratides - LoveToKnow 1911
		His authority was challenged by a great many other pretenders and Greek dynasts in Sogdiana, Aria (Herat), Drangiana.
		According to Apollodorus of Artemita, the historian of the Parthians, he ruled over 1000 towns (Strabo xv.
		686; transferred to Diodotus of Bactria in Justin 41, 4.6); and the extent of his kingdom over Bactria, Sogdiana (Bokhara), Drangiana (Sijistan), Kabul and the western Punjab is confirmed by numerous coins.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Eucratides (619 words)

	Drangiana
		Drangiana was fell to Seleucus I Nicator, the founder of the Seleucid empire.
		There is some evidence that is was in Drangiana that the adherents of the religion founded by Zarathustra came together to re-establish their faith and sacred text, the Avesta (more).
		The Graeco-Bactrian overlordship did not last very long: after a generation, Drangiana was conquered by the Parthians.
	www.livius.org /do-dz/drangiana/drangiana.html (672 words)

	Drangiana - The Wordbook Encyclopedia
		Thewordbook is a comprehensive encyclopedia and a reference search engine, in which you have found this entry about Drangiana.
		Drangiana (Old Persian: Zranka "waterland") was a historical region of the Achaemenid Empire, now part of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Eastern Iran.
		The land was inhabited by a Iranian tribe which the Greeks referred to as Sarangians or Drangians.
	www.thewordbook.com /Drangiana (186 words)

	I. M. Diakonoff, Eastern Iran before Cyrus
		Zarathustra must have preached at the court of Vistaspa not later than in the 7th century B. Not only the Gathas but also the rest of the Yasna, the Yashts and the core of the Videvdat must have been compiled in the pre-Achaemenian period or in any case before the 5th century B. C., i.
		Such a conquest of Drangiana and the other agricultural areas by the nomad tribes centered around Chorasmia (which country did not rise to the level of «urban» civilisation earlier than in the 4th century B. C.) may have been reflected in the legend of the Tura (Saka) Frangrasyan.
		Kavi Vistaspa apparently no longer held all the lands of this confederation, and soon after his time (and after Zarathustra) his kingdom was subjugated by the Bactrian confederation — which, too, was initially headed by nomads (the Hyaona and their leader Arjataspa in the Avestan tradition).
	ambarts.tripod.com /files/diakonoff.htm (824 words)

	Stasanor at AllExperts
		As a reward for this exploit he obtained the satrapy of Aria, which was, however, soon after changed for that of Drangiana, in the command of which he remained during the whole of Alexander's campaign in India.
		On the king's return, Stasanor was one of those who met him in Carmania with a very opportune supply of camels and other beasts of burthen, but returned to resume the charge of his province when Alexander continued his march towards Persis.
		In the first partition of the provinces after the death of Alexander (323 BC), Stasanor retained his former satrapy of Drangiana, but in the subsequent division at Triparadisus (321 BC), he exchanged it for the more important government of Bactria and Sogdiana.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/st/stasanor.htm (384 words)

	Helmand: the river in Arachosia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		DRANGIANA (or Zarangiana), territory around Lake Hamun and the Helmand river in modern Seistan.
		Some time in the mid-2nd century B.C.E. Drangiana became part of the Arsacid empire under Mithridates I. Ammianus Marcellinus (23.6.14) incorrectly listed Drangiana, between the Paropamisus and Arachosia, as one of the provinces of the Sasanian empire.
		Daffinaà, L'immigrazione dei Saka nella Drangiana, Rome, 1967, esp. pp.
	www.hindunet.org /saraswati/helmand/helmand1.htm (1868 words)

	IRANIAN GEOGRAPHY: DRANGIANA - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		In Xerxes' army the Sarangian contingent was led by Pherenda‚tês, son of Megabazus; the men were armed with Median bows and lances and wore brightly colored clothes and knee-high boots (Herodotus 7.67.1).
		Alexander II of Macedonia came to the capital of Drangiana in pursuit of Bessos and his followers (Arrian, 3.25.8; cf.
		P. Daffina, L'immigrazione dei Sakâ nella Drangiana, Rome, 1967, esp. pp.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Geography/drangiana.htm (1334 words)

	Drangiana - Encyclopedia.com
		Drangiana, ancient country, part of the Persian Empire, between Aria on the north and Gedrosia on the south.
		Drangiana is the modern Sistan region of Afghanistan and E Iran.
		For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Drangian.html (353 words)

	EXCERPTS: On the trail -DAWN - Books and Authors; June 30, 2002
		According to historians, the route given to Craterus passed through Arachosia and Drangiana, onward to Carmania.
		Some believe that instead of passing through the Mulla Pass the force went through the Bolan Pass, and thus avoided Kalat and followed the route described by Holdich.
		As a matter of fact, according to Arrain, Craterus was ordered “to go by the road through Arachosia (Helmand valley) and Drangiana (Seistan) to Carmania (Kirman)” where he was supposed to meet Alexander.
	www.dawn.com /weekly/books/archive/020630/books3.htm (1642 words)

	Bessus
		However, Bessus, Barsaentes (the satrap of Arachosia and Drangiana), and Satibarzanes (the satrap of Aria), assessed the situation differently.
		Bessus tried to defend Bactria, and in fact forced Alexander to make a detour through Drangiana, Arachosia and Gandara, that is through southern Afghanistan.
		In the Spring of 329, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush mountains, which Bessus had left unguarded because only a madman would try to cross them early in the year.
	www.livius.org /be-bm/bessus/bessus.html (769 words)

	Alexander the Great - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With the death of Darius, Alexander declared the war of vengeance over, and released his Greek and other allies from service in the League campaign (although he allowed those that wished to re-enlist as mercenaries in his imperial army).
		His three-year campaign against first Bessus and then the satrap of Sogdiana, Spitamenes, took him through Media, Parthia, Aria, Drangiana, Arachosia, Bactria, and Scythia.
		In the process, he captured and refounded Herat and Maracanda.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_the_Great (9355 words)

	Seistan
		Perhaps our Saint George of the Dragon would be a nearer parallel; and just as we stamp the record of his matchless daring upon our coinage, so do the Persians emblazon the great feats of Rustam upon gateway and door and pillar.
		Seistan emerges into the clearer light of ascertained history in the time of Alexander the Great, when it was known as Drangiana (identical with the land of the Herodotean Sarangians).
		Under the Sassanian monarchs Seistan was a flourishing centre of the Zoroastrian worship, and hither came the last sovereign of that dynasty, Yezdijird, flying from the victorious Arabs on his way to his fate at Aferv.
	www.iras.ucalgary.ca /~volk/sylvia/Seistan.htm (1351 words)

	Parmenion - Encyclopedia.com
		When Alexander was pushing eastward in Persia, he left Parmenion to govern Media (now in Iran).
		While the king was in Drangiana (330 BC), a treason plot was discovered that seemed to implicate Philotas, Parmenion's son.
		Despite his innocence in this affair, Parmenion was killed at Alexander's command.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Parmenio.html (575 words)

	New Page 1
		Moreover, since about this time the province of Drangiana, the region of Zaranj around the Sistan Lake, received its later name of Sakastan, one may suppose that a substantial contingent of Sacae actually settled there.
		Now, however, we must transfer our attention to the remnants of the Graeco-Bactrian state, which, deprived of the plains of Balkh, still sheltered behind the mighty rampart of the Hindu-Kush mountains, bracing itself for the final defence of what remained of Alexander’s eastern empire in Afghanistan and the Punjab.
		By this time, around 120 B.C., the modern city of Kandahar, of which the ancient name remains something of a mystery, was being powerfully threatened by the advance of the Sacae from Heart and Drangiana.
	home.comcast.net /~afghanistan_history/Maues.htm (4014 words)

	Brief History of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Today, speakers of Persian in Afghanistan are identified as Tajiks, but the language of Tajikistan is not identical with Persian.
		Afghanistan today comprises partially or wholly the ancient Achaemenid regions of Aria (north), Bactria (north east), Arachosia (south), and Drangiana (west).
		The Afghans, a majority of whom speak the Indo-Iranian language Pashto, also called Pushtun and Pathan (in Pakistan where there are more Pashtons than in Afghanistan itself), trace their name to a legendary culture hero called Afghana.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /history/a/Afghanistan_brief.htm (3505 words)

	Persian Literature in Translation - The History of India, Volume 1: section 149
		Now in this very position there was a fertile district, irrigated from the Margus river, which Pliny calls Zotale or Zothale, and which, I believe to have been the original seat of the Iatii or Játs.
		Their course from the Oxus to the Indus may perhaps be dimly traced in the Xuthi of Dionysius of Samos, who are coupled with the Arieni, and in the Zuthi of Ptolemy who occupied the Karmanian desert on the frontier of Drangiana.
		As I can find no other traces of their name in the classical writers, I am inclined to believe, as before suggested, that they may have been best known in early times, by the general name of their horde, as Abars, instead of by their tribal name as Játs.
	persian.packhum.org /persian/pf?file=80201011&ct=149 (488 words)

	The Achaemenid Empire
		According to this view, Zarathushtra lived in the court of Darius’ father as the chief clergy and influenced Darius as a young man. It was due to this influence that Darius makes constant mentions of Ahuramāmazdā and other Zoroastrian motifs in his inscriptions.
		The traditional tale of Zarathushtra's death, being slain by invading “Turan” warriors has also been affiliated with the unrests of Darius’ early years on the throne and the attacks of the rulers of Drangiana and Sogdiana on Bactria.
		However, from an early time, scholars such as Bartholomea and Christensen noticed the problems with “Traditional Date”, namely the linguistic difficulties that it presents.
	www.iranologie.com /history/zarathushtra.html (2380 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Parmenion - AOL Research & Learn
		When Alexander was pushing eastward in Persia, he left Parmenion to govern Media (now in Iran).
		While the king was in Drangiana (330 B.C.), a treason plot was discovered that seemed to implicate Philotas, Parmenion's son.
		Despite his innocence in this affair, Parmenion was killed at Alexander's command.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/parmenion/20051207001109990002 (128 words)

	Babel \| Alexander, Bessus, and Roxane
		But Alexander soon had to deal with another problem; it was one that occurred within the ranks of his own army.
		Near the end of the year 330 B.C., the army reached Drangiana, a province in what is now Afghanistan.
		Some soldiers came to Alexander and informed of a startling piece of news.
	towerofbabel.com /map/articles/04/03/27/0240233.shtml?tid=104&tid=272 (1144 words)

	Darius the Great: four Empire lists
		By the favor of Ahuramazda these are the countries which I seized outside of Persia; I ruled over them; they bore tribute to me; they did what was said to them by me; they held my law firmly; Media, Elam, Parthia, Aria, Bactria, Sogdia, Chorasmia, Drangiana, Arachosia, Sattagydia, Gandara, Hi
		The nomads of Sagartia, only mentioned as an independent satrapy on the Persepolis list, was, at this time, added to Drangiana.
		The Carians had been sudued by Cyrus the Great, but had retained something of their independence.
	www.livius.org /da-dd/darius/darius_i_t09.html (446 words)

	Alexander 13: "Wanted Dead or Alive"
		In 330 BCE, after following Darius deep into Persia, Alexander and his cavalry overtook Darius’; caravan.
		Fearing Alexander’s wrath, Bessus and Barsaentes, the satrap of Arachosia and Drangiana, arrested Darius and killed him.
		Darius was buried with full royal honors at a state funeral held at Persepolis.
	ablemedia.com /ctcweb/consortium/alexander13.html (578 words)

	Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics by Martin Ewans from HarperCollins Publishers Australia
		It was not until the sixth century BC, however, that the region began to appear in recorded history, as the Achaemenid monarch, Cyrus the Great, extended his empire as far east as the River Indus.
		His successor, Darius the Great, created various satrapies in the area, among them Aria (Herat), Drangiana (Sistan), Bactria (Afghan Turkestan), Margiana (Merv), Chorasmia (Khiva), Sogdiana (Transoxania), Arachosia (Ghazni and Kandahar) and Gandhara (the Peshawar valley).
		The Achaemenids appear to have embraced Zoroastrianism, and tradition has it, somewhat uncertainly, that the renowned sage Zoroaster was born and lived in Bactria, and that he died in Bactra (Balkh) around 522 BC.
	www.harpercollins.com.au /global_scripts/product_catalog/book_xml.asp?isbn=0060505087&tc=cx (1054 words)

	Drangiana @ AlienArtifacts.com (Alien Artifacts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Drangiana (Old Persian: Zranka "waterland") was a historical region of the Achaemenid Empire, now part of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Eastern Iran.
		The land was inhabited by a Persian tribe which the Greeks referred to as Sarangians or Drangians.
		"Drangiana" results in these other popular encyclopedia sites:
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Drangiana (240 words)

	Cyrus the Great Became Top Leader Of His Era By Championing Just Rule Leaders
		From Media, Cyrus went on to conquer the western land of Lydia and several Greek states on the Aegean Sea.
		He then turned east, taking the ancient kingdom of Drangiana, Arachosia, Margiana and Bactria.
		He converted most into satrapies and put natives in command.
	www.rozanehmagazine.com /MayJune03/acyrus.html (831 words)

	Einjenice
		Darius the king says: Ahuramazda bestowed upon me the kingdom, great, possessed of good men; he made me king in this earth.
		By the favor of Ahuramazda these are the countries of which I became king: Persia, Elarn, Babylonia, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt, Sardis, Ionia, Media, Armenia, Cappadocia, Parthia, Drangiana, Aria, Chorasmia, Bactria, Sogdiana, Gandara, Sattagydia,
		, Armenia, Drangiana, Parthia, Aria, Bactria, Sogdiana, Chorasmia, Babylonia, Assyria, Sattagydia, Sardis, Egypt, Ionians, those who dwell by the sea and those who dwell across the sea, men of Maka, Arabia, Gandara, Sind, Cappadocia, Dahae, Amyrgian Scythians, Pointed-Cap Scythians, Skudra, men of Akaufaka, Libyans, Carians, Ethiopians.
	homepage.hispeed.ch /antesedam/Perzija.html (1551 words)

	Cyrus the Great Became Top Leader Of His Era By Championing Just Rule, Cyrus Cylinder of Charter of the Righs of Nations
		From Media, Cyrus went on to conquer the western land of Lydia and several Greek states on the Aegean Sea.
		He then turned east, taking the ancient kingdom of Drangiana, Arachosia, Margiana and Bactria.
		He also showed great respect for conquered peoples' religious and cultural beliefs.
	www.farsinet.com /cyrus/cyrus_just_ruler.html (918 words)

	Central Asia - South (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Its fiercely independent inhabitants have been the rock upon which a great many empires have foundered.
		It is likely that during the Persian centuries this region was at times, or often, attached as a province to Drangiana.
		See also Kabul and Qandahar for local Persian Satraps.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Centasia3.html (1776 words)

	Tehran Report, All about Iran and Tehran
		I am Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King in Persia, King of countries, son of Hystaspes, grandson of Arsames, an Achaemenian.
		These are the countries which came to me; by the favor of Ahuramazda(GOD) I was king of them: Persia, Elam, Babylonia, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt, (those) who are beside the sea, Sardis, Ionia, Media, Armenia, Cappadocia, Parthia, Drangiana, Aria, Chorasmia, Bactria, Sogdiana, Gandara, Scythia, Sattagydia, Arachosia, Maka: in all, 23 provinces.
		Within these countries, the man who was loyal, him I rewarded well; (him) who was evil, him I punished well; by the favor of Ahuramazda these countries showed respect toward my law; as was said to them by me, thus was it done...
	tehran.blogdrive.com (578 words)

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