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Topic: Drilling mud

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	Drilling mud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Drilling mud, also called drilling fluid, is a lubricant used while drilling oil and natural gas wells.
		On a drilling rig pumping it with mud pumps through the drill string where it sprays out of nozzles on the drill bit, the mud then travels back up the annular space between the drill string and the sides of the hole being drilled, up through the surface casing, and emerges at the surface.
		Drilling mud may consist of bentonite clay with additives such as barium sulfate or hematite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drilling_mud (633 words)

	Drilling rig - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A drilling rig or oil rig is a structure housing equipment used to drill for and extract oil or natural gas from underground reservoirs.
		Drilling rigs can also be used to drill for water or for exploration purposes, or to obtain core mineral samples.
		The drilling and production of oil and gas pose a safety risk and a hazard to the environment from the ignition of the entrained gas causing dangerous fires and also from the risk of oil leakage polluting water, land and groundwater.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oil_rig (386 words)

	Mud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mud, a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and soil, or sediment, is commonly referred to as mud.
		Geologically speaking, mud is a mixture of water and particles of silt and clay.
		Mud, in the construction industry, is wet plaster, joint compound, stucco, cement or other similar substance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mud (250 words)

	Thuslick - Environmental Drilling Mud Additives
		Following is the data obtained during the drilling of the 12 1/4" in the 4500' to 10,500 interval using the following formulations.
		Tripped in hole with Down hole motor (DHM), drilled from 11860 ft to 13450 ft. Made short trip with drag of 80 to 100 Klbs from 13,073 ft at 12,315ft, it was necessary to rotate and pump to pull out of the hole, lay down motor.
		However, the well was drilled to TD with little time lost due to hole problems except for the reaming associated with out of gauge bits.
	www.thuslick.com /chVenezuela.htm (1412 words)

	Drilling Offshore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Drilling for oil and gas offshore is a technically challenging operation that produces wastes that must be treated and disposed of in an environmentally protective manner to avoid pollution.
		Drilling mud is pumped down into the hole and returns to the surface laden with cuttings.
		Drilling muds are mixtures of natural clays and heavy minerals (usually barium sulfate), and small amounts of several other chemicals suspended in water or an organic liquid.
	www.battelle.org /Environment/publications/EnvUpdates/winter2004/article1.stm (385 words)

	[No title]
		Drilling muds are primarily introduced with rotary drilling to continuously remove drill cuttings during oil and gas extraction (Ranney, 1979).
		Drilling muds contain suspensions of solids in liquids or in liquid emulsion, which chemical additives to modify their properties.
		Dilutions of the drill mud cuttings in 0.1 ml volumes were inoculated onto plates of mineral salts agar by the spread plate technique in duplicates.
	www.wigsat.org /gasat/45.txt (2170 words)

	Drilling mud testing equipment for determining mud density and viscosity.
		Drilling Mud density or specific gravity is the most significant measurement required and no reliable visual estimate exists.
		The mud density or specific gravity must be accurately measured in order to successfully drill a well hole.
		An outstanding advantage of this balance is the fact that the temperature of the drilling mud does not materially affect the accuracy of readings.The durable construction of the Baroid Mud Balance makes it ideal for field use.
	www.deanbennett.com /drilling-mud-testing-equipment.htm (468 words)

	Drilling Fluid: The Lifeblood of the Well
		The mud that resulted, a viscous, muddy slurry of water and clay, was pumped into the borehole.
		Early wells were drilled for water to be used for drinking, washing, irrigation and for brine, which is used as a source of salt.
		He conceived of an assembly in which water would be pumped down the inside of a drilling rod and carry cuttings with it as it returned to the surface in the space between the drilling rod and the wall of the well bore.
	www.seed.slb.com /en/scictr/watch/mud (498 words)

	WorldOil.com - Online Magazine Article: Features - Mar-2003
		Drilling cost is competitive with mud or air drilling in that area; $15/ft for surface string to 600 ft and $10/ft for a long string to 2,500 ft. The system can be adapted to any rig with the addition of a dual-wall drillstring.
		Drilling fluid is carried to the bit between the outer and inner wall of the drill pipe and cuttings and fluid are returned to the surface in the inner pipe, Fig.
		Drilling fluid is carried to the bit between the outer and inner wall of the drill pipe, and cuttings and fluid are returned to the surface in the inner pipe.
	worldoil.com /magazine/MAGAZINE_DETAIL.asp?ART_ID=1970&... (1218 words)

	FM 5-484 Chptr 5 Well-Drilling Methods
		Drilling fluid is pumped through the drill string and face of the drill bit and backup the annulus to the surface.
		Drilling fluid is circulated in rotary drilling to cool, clean, and lubricate the drill string, to flush cuttings from the hole, and to stabilize the borehole wall.
		Mud density is increased by drill cuttings; the mud rising in the hole is heavier than the mud returning to the hole.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/policy/army/fm/5-484/Ch5.htm (12714 words)

	Benefits of Mud Rotary Drilling -- Stewart Brothers Drilling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mud rotary drilling is not the only way to put a hole in the ground, but it is undoubtedly the most versatile and dependable method.
		In contrast, any form of air drilling produces fluid from the formation during the drilling process and leaves the formation wide open for cross contamination and formation damage when the compressor is closed.
		The drilling mud weight, viscosity, and filtration rate are parameters that we monitor closely while drilling.
	www.stewartbrothers.com /benefits.htm (316 words)

	Drilling Waste Management Fact Sheet: The First Step: Separation of Mud from Cuttings
		Drilling mud is used to control subsurface pressures, lubricate the drill bit, stabilize the well bore, and carry the cuttings to the surface, among other functions.
		Mud is pumped from the surface through the hollow drill string, exits through nozzles in the drill bit, and returns to the surface through the annular space between the drill string and the walls of the hole.
		The drill cuttings remain on top of the shale shaker screens; the vibratory action of the shakers moves the cuttings down the screen and off the end of the shakers to a point where they can be collected and stored in a tank or pit for further treatment or management.
	web.ead.anl.gov /dwm/techdesc/sep/index.cfm (459 words)

	World Oil: Ca[Cl.sub.2]/polymer drilling mud helps control deepwater GOM "gumbo" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Drilling fluid must have rheological or flow properties to lift and remove drilled cuttings at a practical and operational flow rate.
		Drill cuttings were sticking together and to the riser, drill string, BHA, wellhead and bore protector.
		Well A was drilled in Mississippi Canyon with a standard NaCl/PHPA mud with a targeted hole section of 1,224 ft. Well B was drilled in Green Canyon with new generation Ca[Cl.sub.2]/polymer mud and a targeted hole section of 1,868 ft. Well A exhibited lower ROPs, contributing to higher mud and overall cost/ft, Table 1.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3159/is_2_220/ai_54063593 (1129 words)

	Derrick International - Slurry separation equipment and screen surfaces.
		For many years, mud systems were a key component of the oilfield-based drilling industry.
		Sure, directional drilling was an untapped market that had enormous potential - this would simply be an extension of what they were making for the oilfield guys.
		Mud motors were needed to drill, which meant drilling fluids as well.
	www.derrickinternational.com /brochures/articles.asp (1482 words)

	Drilling Mud Coolers
		The application of the mud cooling unit was a major contributor to achieving project objectives for these two projects.
		Temperature is controlled by a thermostat in the cold drilling fluid stream return line, which modulates a bypass valve on the fan coil/ heat exchanger loop.
		The controller is set to maintain the coolant at the appropriate temperature to prevent the drilling mud from freezing in cold weather.
	www.cpe.ab.ca /ncpemudc.html (621 words)

	E&P Projects
		The goal is to lower the costs and improve the efficiency of drilling in hard rock formations found at greater depths, by developing an integrated steerable drilling system that offers significant cost reduction in deep, medium-to-hard rock formations through the use of a mud-actuated hammer engine.
		The two key elements of the Novatek drilling system are the hammer itself and a unique drill bit that combines rotary and percussive features coupled with high-pressure (HP) mud jets distributed about the face of the bit (the Pulsed jet Hammer Assisted Shearing Technology or PHAST bit).
		Two separate drilling modes were observed: one where the ROP increases steadily with bit horsepower (torque and rpm), and one where ROP and bit horsepower seem to be independent (bit horsepower is very low but ROP is high to very high).
	www.netl.doe.gov /scngo/NaturalGas/Projects_n/E&P/DCS/DCS_A_34365MudActuated.html (1321 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2003023539
		The drilling mud's hydrostatic pressure pushes on the sides and bottom of the hole, and forces the liquid part of the drilling mud into the for-mation.
		Solid particles in the drilling mud plaster the wall of the hole and form an impermeable wall cake.
		This mud return line is carrying drilling mud from the wellhead, on the right, to a mud-gas separator.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0410/2003023539.html (803 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Oil Drilling Works"
		They dig a reserve pit, which is used to dispose of rock cuttings and drilling mud during the drilling process, and line it with plastic to protect the environment.
		The crew then begins drilling the main hole, often with a small drill truck rather than the main rig.
		Depending upon the remoteness of the drill site and its access, equipment may be transported to the site by truck, helicopter or barge.
	science.howstuffworks.com /oil-drilling2.htm (766 words)

	Drilling Waste Management Fact Sheet: Beneficial Reuse of Drilling Wastes
		Sometimes the physical and chemical properties of the used muds have degraded somewhat, and the muds must be processed to rejuvenate the necessary properties.
		In other cases, the muds have been degraded sufficiently that they cannot economically be reused as new muds, and they must be put to a different type of reuse or final fate.
		Readers are advised to consult the regulatory agency with authority in the area where the drilling or waste management occurs to ensure that recycling is allowable under the relevant regulatory requirements.
	web.ead.anl.gov /dwm/techdesc/reuse/index.cfm (1056 words)

	Drilling
		Once basic geological concepts are explained, the segment moves on to a thorough explanation and description of the rotary rig and its components, focusing on the mud system, the drill stem, and the bit.
		The study of muds is an extremely important component to a successfully drilled oil well.
		Crucial to proper circulation is the understanding and usage of composition, certain properties of mud, water-base drilling muds, oil muds, effects of air, gas, and mist drilling, and various problems that could occur with each method.
	www.utexas.edu /cee/petex/pubs/drilling.html (2869 words)

	FRTR Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Reference Guide
		The drilling fluid serves to: (1) cool and lubricate the bit, (2) stabilize the borehole wall, and (3) prevent the inflow of formation fluids, thus minimizing cross contamination of aquifers.
		Reverse circulation rotary drilling is a variant of the mud rotary method in which drilling fluid flows from the mud pit down the borehole outside the drill rods and passes upward through the bit.
		Collection of representative samples is difficult due to mixing of drill cuttings and sample lag time in deeper holes, unless split-spoon or thin-wall samplers are used in unconsolidated material or core bits are used in consolidated rock.
	www.frtr.gov /site/3_1_2.html (532 words)

	Australian Mud Company - Drilling Fluids Specialists
		The Australian Mud Company Limited (AMC) was formed in January 1988, for the purpose of supplying drilling fluid products to the mining and waterwell industries throughout Australia.
		AMC provides onsite service through a network of drilling fluid engineers, in order to assist clients with the development of a tailored drilling program or by troubleshooting a drilling fluid problem.
		Training in the use of fluids is conducted through the AMC "Mud Schools" which are designed to satisfy specific client requirements.
	www.ausmud.com (185 words)

	Drilling Mud Poses Little Environmental Hazard, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mostly composed of ground-up rock and water, lubricating fluid is pumped down the center of the hollow drill stem, and emerges again at the surface, carrying the pulverized rock and other unspeakable things.
		This is necessary to lubricate the drill shaft, cool the hole, and carry away the detritus that the drilling has created.
		A specific recommendation was that the "flushing fluid" not contain more than four percent diesel, which seemed to contribute significantly to the toxicity of the drilling fluids which contain it.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF6/664.html (190 words)

	Drilling Software,workover software,Mud Engineering software,completion software,submersible pumps software,Well bore ...
		Once the casing or tubing is selected you have full data regarding weight on hook annular volumes and capacities in either Bbls or Cu/ft and a casing pressure test chart.
		It will easily calculate every known engineering operation that the mud engineer is responsible for while drilling a well.
		In less than 10 minutes after counting sacks and doing the mud checks the mud report can be printed or emailed to the head office.
	www.drillingsoftware.com (963 words)

	Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing eTool: Drilling Fluid
		Drilling fluid is an important component in the drilling process.
		Weighting materials, primarily barite (barium sulfate), may be used to increase the density of the mud in order to equilibrate the pressure between the wellbore and formation when drilling through particularly pressurized zones.
		Fluid loss reducers include starch and organic polymers and limit the loss of drilling mud to under-pressurized or high-permeability formations.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/drillingfluid.html (358 words)

	Rapid Drilling Products Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Rapid Drilling Products is a leading supplier of drilling additives to companies exploring for oil and gas along the Gulf Coast and in other regions around the globe.
		Rapid Drilling Products supplies a broad range of drilling mud additives along with engineering mud management services.
		The fluid scientists at Rapid Drilling Products are recognized as being among the first to develop drilling fluid applications using synthetic hydrocarbon fluids.
	www.rapiddrilling.com (142 words)

	OFFSHORE
		The ability to transport "mud" or more precisely "drilling mud" is serious business in the oil patch.
		Included in those supplies is drilling mud, which is pumped down the drilling pipe to cool and lubricate the drilling bit, prevent formation damage and flush rock cuttings from the downhole to the surface.
		Its liquid mud tanks will be able to carry over 6,000 barrels of drilling mud and her dry bulk tanks will be able to carry over 6,000 cubic feet of material."
	www.marinelog.com /DOCS/PRINTMMII/Novoff1.html (688 words)

	colloid. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Thixotropic behavior is reversible, and when allowed to stand undisturbed the sol slowly reverts to a gel.
		Common thixotropic gels include oil well drilling mud, certain paints and printing inks, and certain clays.
		Quick clay, which is thixotropic, has caused landslides in parts of Scandinavia and Canada.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/colloid.html (1174 words)

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