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Topic: Droop Quota

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	Droop Quota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Droop quota was devised in 1868 by the English lawyer and mathematician Henry Richmond Droop (1831-1884) as a replacement for the earlier Hare quota.
		This gives the Droop quota the special property that it is the smallest integral quota which guarantees that the number of candidates able to reach this quota cannot exceed the number of seats.
		The Droop quota is generally considered superior to the Hare quota because under the Hare quota it is sometimes possible for a group of candidates supported by a majority of voters to receive only a minority of seats, and this result is considered undemocratic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Droop_Quota (1362 words)

	Hare quota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hare quota was devised by Thomas Hare, one of earliest pioneers of STV.
		In 1868 Henry Richmond Droop (1831-1884) invented the Droop quota as a replacement for the Hare quota and today, because it is considered to be technically inferior, the Hare quota has largely fallen into disuse.
		The Droop quota is smaller than the Hare quota, and was first suggested because it is the smallest quota that, like the Hare quota, ensures that the number of candidates who reach the quota will not be greater than the number of seats to be filled.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hare_quota (621 words)

	Droop Quota
		The Droop Quota is the formula that is used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture a seat in a multi-member constituency using Proportional Representation through the Single Transferable Vote (PR.STV).
		It was devised in 1868 by the English lawyer and mathematician Henry Richmond Droop[?] (1831-1884).
		This gives the Droop Quota the special property that it is the smallest quota which guarantees that the number of candidates able to reach this quota cannot exceed the number of seats.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/dr/Droop_quota.html (730 words)

	Lipjhart on PR formulas
		The Hare quota is the oldest and simplest of the quotas: it is simply the total number of valid votes divided by the number of seats at stake in a district.
		Among the quota systems, proportionality decreases as the quota decreases; this is illustrated in Table A.2 where the use of the Droop quota instead of the Hare quota causes the small party C to lose a seat and the largest party A to win an extra seat.
		Since the second count does not yield another candidate with the Droop quota necessary for election, the weakest candidate (R) is eliminated and his or her 5 votes transferred to the next preference on the ballots (Q) in the third count.
	www.janda.org /c24/Readings/Lijphart/Lijphart.html (2050 words)

	droop quota : : eCorporations
		Ross quota in kontext of Droop and Hare quotas...
		Ross quota in context of Droop and Hare quotas...
		Droop Quota is the formula that is used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture a seat in a multi-member constituency...
	www.ecorpscanada.ca /?Second=droop+quota&Top=Quota (888 words)

	Seats, Quotas and Voting Rules
		With more than Droop quota A is elected and her 3 excess votes transfer to B who then has 10.
		The chair's Droop quota is approximately 25 ballots.
		In that case the candidate with the lowest percentage of her quota is eliminated.
	accuratedemocracy.com /e_shares.htm (1418 words)

	[EM] 7/14/03 - Single-Seat Method in a Multi-Seat Method:
		Droop will not do the best job of averaging the votes for each faction, some candidates can still be left with lower votes than other candidates in the same faction.
		A new quota is calculated and again surplus votes are transferred and again the lowest candidate is eliminated, etc, etc, until the number of remaining candidates equals the number of seats.
		A faction with five candidates and four at quota, will receive an extra 172 votes to help their fifth candidate, that extra help may be enough to elect the fifth candidate and gain majority control of the council, inturn the number of excluded voters will be increased by 172.
	lists.electorama.com /pipermail/election-methods-electorama.com/2003-July/010148.html (1783 words)

	quota - Britannica Concise
		Quotas are more effective than tariffs in restricting trade, since they limit the availability of goods rather than simply increasing their price.
		Quotas restricting trade were first imposed on a large scale during World War I. In the 1920s, quotas were progressively abolished and replaced by tariffs, but their use was revived in the wave of protectionism set off by the Great Depression.
		quota - in international trade, government-imposed limit on the quantity, or in exceptional cases the value, of the goods or services that may be exported or imported over a specified period of time.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9376332 (627 words)

	European Democracies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Quota methods - these work by working out a quota (based on the total number of valid votes cast and the number of seats to be filled), which is equivalent to the number of votes a party needs to win a seat.
		The Droop quota is calculated by dividing the total number of valid votes by one more than the number of seats to be filled.
		It uses the Droop quota in the initial stages, and then rather than distributing remaining seats to the parties with the highest remaining fraction of a quota, it uses the d'Hondt method to distribute these remaining seats.
	www.electionsineurope.org /glossary.asp (1186 words)

	Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform - Droop quota (formula)
		The quota is calculated as follows: first, the total valid vote in the electoral district is divided by one plus the number of members to be elected; then, one is added to the total (fractions are ignored).
		The Droop quota is the smallest number of votes to elect enough candidates to fill all the seats being contested in an electoral district, while being just big enough to prevent any more being elected.
		If the Droop formula is applied to a single member district, the quota is the total votes (100 percent) divided by 1 plus the number of members to be elected (1); the result is 100 divided by 2 which gives 50 percent plus one vote—a share of the vote that only one candidate can get.
	www.citizensassembly.bc.ca /public/learning_resources/glossary/2004/csharman-10_0412141107-017 (192 words)

	Userfriendly.org Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Specifically: "It is the smallest integral quota which guarantees that the number of candidates able to reach this quota cannot exceed the number of seats.
		The Droop Quota, you may wish to know (or perhaps not), is related to the Hagenbach-Bischoff method, itself a variant on the D'Hondt maximum number procedure, and a cousin of the Hare-Clark system.
		But the Droop Quota and its siblings are central to the subject of electoral reform.
	www.comofazer.net /forum/messages/1/3636.html?1088527399 (2901 words)

	Largest remainder method: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Hamilton method of apportionment is actually a largest-remainder method which is specifically defined as using the Hare Quota, named after Alexander Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton: United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804)).
		The Droop quota (Droop quota: the droop quota is the formula that is used to calculate the minimum number, or quota,...
		In such a case, it is usual to increase the quota until the number of candidates elected is equal to the number of seats available, in effect changing the voting system to a highest averages system with the Jefferson apportionment formula (Jefferson apportionment formula: more facts about this subject).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/largest_remainder_method (678 words)

	Quota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A quota is a prescribed number or share of something.
		In proportional representation, a quota is a lowerbound on the number of votes needed to be elected.
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Quota (150 words)

	Plurality systems are the simplest of all electoral systems
		The simplest method of determining a quota is to divide the number of valid votes by the number of seats to be allocated.
		quota, in which the number of votes is divided by the number of seats plus one and adding one to the quotient; and the Imperiali quota, in which the number of votes is divided by the number of seats plus two.
		Votes surplus to the quota cast for successful candidates are transferred amongst the remaining candidates according to the second preferences recorded by the voter.
	homepages.udayton.edu /~aherndaw/ausaec.htm (5226 words)

	Droop Quota: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This gives the Droop Quota the special property that it is the smallest integral (integral: The result of a mathematical integration; F(x) is the integral of f(x) if dF/dx = f(x)) quota (although not the smallest quota) which guarantees that the number of candidates able to reach this quota cannot exceed the number of seats.
		In the case of a single seat, it, of course, degenerates into a simple integral majority (majority: The age at which a person is considered competent to manage their own affairs) quota (Instant-runoff voting (Instant-runoff voting: when the single transferable vote voting system is applied to a single-winner election it is...
		Imperiali quota (Imperiali quota: the imperiali quota is a formula used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/droop_quota (899 words)

	First Unitarian Church of Victoria
		First we need to calculate the "Droop quota" (named after the person who devised it), the number of votes a candidate must obtain to be elected.
		The Droop quota indicates that Oak Leaf has 14,588 - 8,486 = 6,102 "surplus votes", i.e., 6,102 more votes than needed to be elected.
		This, as we already predicted, is insufficient to achieve the Droop Quota, necessitating the elimination of Cherry Blossom-which settles the election in this example.
	www.victoriaunitarian.ca /programs/src/democracy.php?num=227 (725 words)

	bischoff hagenbach quota : : eCorporations
		Three alternatives to the Hare quota exist; The Hagenbach-Bischoff quota, in which the number of votes is divided by the number of seats plus one; the Droop 4...
		Under the Hagenbach-Bischoff formula parties are first warded seats according to the Droop quota, and then the number of seats plus 1 is used as the divisor.
		The Droop Quota is the formula that is used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of...
	www.ecorpscanada.ca /?Second=bischoff+hagenbach+quota&Top=Quota (166 words)

	Single Transferable Vote
		When all the votes have been cast, a winning quota is set.
		The most common formula for the quota is the Droop Quota which is most often given as:
		If one or more candidates have received more votes than the quota, they are declared elected.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/st/STV.html (645 words)

	BRITISH MEPS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In instances when the party has ranked its candidates, the Droop quota is applied to the total number of votes for the list of candidates.
		The quota employed is the Droop quota (calculated by dividing the total number of valid votes by the number of seats to be filled plus one).
		Any votes accruing to a candidate in excess of the quota are redistributed on a proportional basis among the remaining candidates in accordance with the preferences expressed by the voters.
	www.meps.org.uk /europe.html (3283 words)

	[No title]
		Droop Quota - Used in highest average list PR and STV electoral systems to determine how seats are awarded.
		The quota is ascertained by the following formula: total vote divided by the number of seats.
		First, parties are awarded seats in proportion to the number of quotas they fulfill (quotas vary depending on which of the three systems are used).
	www.fairvote.org /redistricting/reports/remanual/glossary.htm (2077 words)

	SuperHare: an algorithm for proportional representation
		Suppose the quota Q is 4, and after the 2 excess votes for the first candidate are transferred, the situation is * 3 3 2 2 1.
		Also, because anyone who gets the Droop quota must be elected, any votes in excess of the Droop quota may be construed as wasted, and nobody wants to cast a wasted vote.
		One way to overcome the quota problem is to recompute the Droop quota Q after each batch of w winners is found, to take into consideration that k has decreased by w, and N has decreased by wQ.
	www.math.fau.edu /Richman/Docs/hare.htm (3255 words)

	Largest remainder method - Electowiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The most common are: the Hare quota and the Droop quota.
		The Hamilton method of apportionment is actually a largest-remainder method which is specifically defined as using the Hare Quota.
		The largest remainder method is the only apportionment that satisfies the quota rule; in fact, it is designed to satisfy this criterion.
	wiki.electorama.com /wiki/Largest_remainder_method (500 words)

	Meath County Council, Ireland - Elections Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If the voter so indicates, this vote can be transferred from a choice to a next choice when it is not required to give the prior choice the necessary quota of votes to secure election; or when, owing to the poor support given for the prior choice, that choice is eliminated from the contest.
		The quota used in Irish elections is the "Droop Quota" - so called because it was first propounded by H.R. Droop in 1869.
		First, the "excess votes" of any candidate who exceeds the quota are distributed proportionately to the second or next available choices of his supporters.
	www.meath.ie /Elections/pr_system.html (537 words)

	Referendum Information Office - Glossary of Key Terms
		Droop Quota - formula for determining how many votes a candidate must receive in order to be elected under the proposed BC-STV system.
		For example, if there are 10,000 votes in a district that will elect three members, the quota is: 10,000 divided by 4 (that is, three members + 1), plus 1, which yields a quota of 2,501.
		Electoral Quota - the quota used under a Single Transferable Vote to determine how many votes a candidate must receive in order to be elected.
	www.gov.bc.ca /referendum_info/popt/electoral_systems_first_past_the_post/glossary_of_terms.htm (875 words)

	Glossary of Terms › British Columbia Electoral Boundaries Commission
		If the Droop formula is applied to a single member district, the quota is the total votes (100 percent) divided by 1 plus the number of members to be elected (1); the result is 100 divided by 2 which gives 50 percent plus one vote-a share of the vote that only one candidate can get.
		The quota will vary according to the number of members to be elected from the electoral district (district magnitude) and the formula used.
		This threshold is set by the quota of votes needed for representation and can vary depending on the details of the STV system to be used; see Droop quota.
	www.bc-ebc.ca /glossary.html (5905 words)

	Droop Quota: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Droop Quota is the formula that is used to calculate the minimum number, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
		Hare quota (The hare quota is a formula used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture a seat...)
		Imperiali quota (The imperiali quota is a formula used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture...)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/droop_quota (1833 words)

	Elections in Malta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This formula defines the quota required for election as the number of votes cast divided by the number of seats to be filled, plus one.
		An inevitable consequence of the Droop Quota is that, when all candidates in a constituency have been declared elected, there will remain some other candidate(s) with accumulated votes who will not be elected and whose votes cannot be transferred.
		A listing of candidates who, on the last count, still had votes in excess of the quota yet where these extra votes could not be transferred to another candidate.
	www.maltadata.com /wasted.htm (412 words)

	Voting matters, Issue 2: pp 1-5
		If the number of candidates who have a quota of first preference votes is insufficient to fill all the seats being contested, those which are left are filled by candidates whose quotas contain votes which have been transferred from other candidates.
		The quota is 50 and B and C have 51 votes between them; we therefore change their Keep Values (KVs: see the Annex for further details) from 1.0 to 50/51 (0.9804).
		Calculate the quota according to the formula Q=V/(N+1), where V is the total number of votes credited to all the candidates and N is the number of seats being contested.
	www.mcdougall.org.uk /VM/ISSUE2/P1.HTM (2916 words)

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