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Topic: Dropsonde

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Graeme Lee

	Dropsonde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A dropsonde is a weather reconnaissance device designed to be dropped from an airplane or similar craft at altitude to measure telemetry as the device falls to the ground.
		Dropsondes are commonly used by Hurricane Hunters to obtain data on hurricanes.
		Standard isobaric surfaces: the height, temperature, dewpoint depression, wind speed, and wind direction at the surface, and at where the following air pressures are found as the dropsonde is descending: 1000, 925, 850, 700, 500, 400, 300, 250 hectopascals (hPa).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dropsonde (331 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dropsonde data can provide a high-quality profile measurement, but the area surveyed is limited to the trajectory of a reconnaissance aircraft that can be used once per day (at most).
		The problem is a difficult one, since the pattern of satellite wind data coverage is largely a function of cloud cover, and an improved method for objective targeting in real-time must be able to estimate this pattern with some degree of accuracy at least 24-hr in advance.
		In the context of ever-increasing amounts of satellite data, the effectiveness of targeted dropsondes may depend on an ability to identify areas that have fast-growing analysis error and have limited observational coverage from satellites at the time the targeted in-situ measurements are obtained.
	www.mmm.ucar.edu /uswrp/abstracts/Langland_Rolf.html (574 words)

	MRF Technical Note No. 33
		The result of applying this correction to individual dropsonde profiles is illustrated in figures 2 and 3 which show the effect of the correction of the dropsonde data on two profile intercomparisons.
		Twenty dropsonde data files from the MOTH Tropic experiment and nineteen from MOTH Arctic were processed as follows: the relative humidity from each sonde profile was converted to mass mixing ratio using the temperature and pressure from that same profile, this being the temperature that will have been used to derive the reported relative humidity.
		The 'thermocap' temperature element in the RD93 GPS dropsonde is that used in the RS80 series of radiosondes (Hock & Franklin [1999]), the thin wire sensor used in RS90 radiosondes having proved too fragile for dropsonde use.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /akv/papers/meto/mrf_tn33/mrf_tn33.htm (3468 words)

	The Ptarmigan Dropsonde Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		These dropsonde measurements were made as part of the "Ptarmigan" weather reconnaissance program conducted by the U.S. Air Force during the period 1950-1961.
		Most of the drops were made from the 500 hPa pressure altitude; therefore the sounding data reflect atmospheric conditions in the lower troposphere.
		The Ptarmigan Dropsonde Archive may be obtained by anonymous ftp at ftp.uwm.edu.
	www.uwm.edu /People/kahl/Arctic/ptarm.html (324 words)

	WC-130 Hercules - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A vertical atmospheric profile of pressure, temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction is received from the dropsonde as it descends to the ocean surface.
		The dropsonde is slowed and stabilized by a small parachute.
		The WC-130 is flown exclusively from Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, by the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, an AFRC organization known as the Hurricane Hunters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/WC-130_Hercules (540 words)

	14.3 Mean characteristics of kinematic and thermodynamic profiles in low-level jets over the eastern Pacific: Dropsonde ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dropsonde data collected offshore by NOAA’s P-3 research aircraft in 17 storms during these two winters are the focus of this paper.
		In the present study the extensive set of dropsonde measurements made over the Pacific Ocean in the field experiments CALJET and PACJET-01 is used to analyze the thermodynamic stability of the air masses upwind of the California coastal orography that are responsible for intense coastal rainfall, i.e., the LLJ in extratropical cyclone warm sectors.
		The present paper fills this gap by using dropsonde observations from 17 flights where aircraft data were collected when a LLJ was present offshore.
	ams.confex.com /ams/11Mountain/techprogram/paper_77215.htm (317 words)

	Encyclopedia: Dropsonde
		Jump to: navigation, search Composite satellite image showing the progress of a hurricane weather system approaching the East Coast of the United States Weather comprises all the various phenomena that occur in the atmosphere of a planet.
		The dropsonde sends back coded data, which includes: Hurricane Hunters is the nickname given to two groups that fly instrumented aircraft into Atlantic tropical cyclones (hurricanes) to collect data.
		UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, the basis for civil time, differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Dropsonde (729 words)

	GPS Dropsonde
		The dropsonde incorporates a new pressure, temperature, humidity sensor module (RSS903) and a new GPS receiver module (GPS111), both designed by Vaisala, Inc., for their RS90 radiosonde.
		The winds are derived using a low-cost codeless 8-channel GPS receiver in the dropsonde that tracks the relative Doppler frequency from the RF carrier of the GPS satellite signals containing the satellite and the dropsonde motion.
		Through this interface, the dropsonde PTH sensor calibration coefficients and serial number are uploaded to the PC, and the dropsonde transmitter is set to the desired frequency.
	www.atd.ucar.edu /rtf/facilities/dropsonde/gpsDropsonde.html (2876 words)

	BIOSPHERE Dropsonde
		Jenssen applies similar principles to four of the five remaining tracks, yet, he finds a different way to cast his sounds and shape the mood of a piece with each new track.
		Dropsonde is a far cry from the impressionist touches of Shenzou or the barren backdrops of Autour De La Lune.
		Clocking at just under forty minutes, Dropsonde is Biosphere’s briefest record, yet still allows for vast sonic spaces to develop fully while remaining entirely consistent, making it Jenssen’s most accomplished record to date.
	www.themilkfactory.co.uk /reviews/biosphere_dropsonde.htm (422 words)

	CAMEX4 Temperature Comparisons
		Also shown are a dropsonde launched at 62.4 ks UT (red line), and radiosondes launched from Cape Kennedy (XMR) at 09.19.1200 UT and 09.20.0000UT between 59 and 60 ks (fl and blue horizontal lines), and radiosondes launched at the same time from Key West (EYW), also fl and blue horizontal lines.
		Examination of this image of the two EYW radiosondes and the DC-8 dropsonde, which is large (1024x744) to show the detail, clearly shows that there is a warm bias in the dropsonde at flight level (top of cyan trace) compared to the two radiosondes (yellow traces) launched from Key West.
		Dropsondes were launched from the ER-2 at 1848UT (67.7 ks) and from the DC-8 at 1849UT (67.7 ks).
	mtp.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/camex4/Science/CAMEX4_Temperature_Comparisons.html (3956 words)

	Read about Dropsonde at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Dropsonde and learn about Dropsonde here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dropsondes are commonly used to obtain data on hurricanes.
		The dropsonde is released when the plane gets to the center of the hurricane at 10,000 feet (3,048 meters).
		Standard isobaric surfaces: the height, temperature, dewpoint depression, wind speed, and wind direction at the surface, and at where the following air pressures are found as the dropsonde is descending: 1000
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Dropsonde (332 words)

	BAMEX Dropsonde Data
		The Rev D version of the Vaisala RD-93 dropsonde was introduced in April 2003, the predecessor was the Rev B dropsonde.
		Another problem with dropsonde data over land is that some sondes kept transmitting data (most of time bad data) when they landed on the ground.
		The file names are shown in the legend, and distances between dropsonde and radiosonde launch locations are in the parenthesis in the title.
	www.atd.ucar.edu /homes/junhong/dropsonde/BAMEX/report-BAMEX.html (1879 words)

	Driftsondes !!
		The transocean driftsonde flights will provide synoptic-scale high-vertical-resolution atmospheric profiles made by the GPS dropsondes that would be difficult or impossible to obtain by deployment of aircraft alone.
		The targeting ability of the driftsonde will be accomplished, when possible, by controlling the time of dropsonde deployment, the launch time of the balloon and to a limited extent the initial mission altitude.
		The gondola can carry up to 20 of the current GPS aircraft dropsondes that can be dropped at predetermined times by computer or on command through a satellite link.
	www-das.uwyo.edu /~geerts/seminars/cole.html (304 words)

	Hurricane Outer Rainband Mesovortices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A series of NOAA Global Positioning System dropsondes (Hock and Franklin, 1999) were launched from each aircraft, one of which descended directly through the reflectivity core of an outer rainband cell.
		Another dropsonde fell through a rain-free region between cells, near the southeastern end of the rainband.
		Using the radar determined supercell motion of 147 degrees at 31.5 m/s and dropsonde winds yields a Storm-Relative Helicity (SRH) of 392m^2/s^2within the 0-2 km layer and 510 m^2/s^2 within the 0-3 km layer.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /mlb/bonniemeso.html (1321 words)

	FY97 NCAR Science Highlights
		The new GPS Dropsonde was used operationally for the first time in two major research roles: in the Fronts and Storm Track Experiment (FASTEX) conducted over the North Atlantic in winter 1997, and in hurricane field studies carried out by NOAA.
		The newly developed NCAR GPS Dropsonde was used for the first time on two NOAA aircraft (the G-IV and a WP-3D) as well as on an NCAR-leased Lear 36 aircraft.
		The high-resolution, highly mobile vertical soundings from the airborne GPS Dropsondes allowed PIs to study target areas where small analysis errors were expected to most significantly affect predictions, or where cyclones were in early development stages.
	www.ncar.ucar.edu /ASR97/highlight.html (2766 words)

	EO News: NASA Technology Eyes Better Hurricane Forecasts - October 4, 2001
		As they fell, the dropsondes tallied air temperatures and winds through the storm's eye, from the top of the hurricane to the ocean surface.
		By using dropsonde measurements of winds, temperature, surface pressure and moisture, and then combining those readings with EDOP data of air motions and precipitation levels in those clouds, the researchers now have necessary data for assessing a hurricane's structure.
		A dropsonde is a sensor that measures temperature, pressure, wind and humidity of the atmosphere.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NasaNews/2001/200110045233.html (1101 words)

	DAAC Study: Dropping in on a Hurricane
		Key to the mission was a cylindrical instrument called a dropsonde, which measures roughly 3 inches in diameter and 20 inches long (7.6 centimeters in diameter and 51 centimeters long).
		During their descent, the dropsondes transmit the data to the aircraft where they are recorded for later analysis.
		Although dropsondes were deployed during previous CAMEX missions, CAMEX-4 introduced a new dimension to the experiment: for the first time, dropsondes were launched from the ER-2 aircraft at an altitude of 65,000 feet (20,000 meters).
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Study/camex4 (1379 words)

	2.1 COARE IOP Legs 1-2 R/V Le Noroit
		Test casts of the free-rising profiler (FRP) and dropsonde were made at several stations during transit from Noumea to the COARE domain (series 01V-04V).
		In the COARE domain, free-rising profiler and dropsonde measurements were performed at some of the stations after CTD casts.
		Dropsonde measurement is delicate because the diameter of the microwire sensor element is only 2.5 µm and can easily break.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /COARE/small_scale/data_report/2.1.html (611 words)

	ds358.0 Home Page
		Dropsonde observations were made by the U.S. Air Force along the "Ptarmigan" track of its reconaissance program.
		ds360.0, DSS found that the dropsonde longitudes are off by 10 degrees.
		For dropsondes over the Western Hemisphere, the positions are 10 degrees east of the aircraft positions, and for the Eastern Hemisphere, they are 10 degrees west of the aircraft position.
	dss.ucar.edu /datasets/ds358.0 (165 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		The boundary layer structure measured by 402 pairs of approximately collocated radiosonde and dropsonde temperature profiles over the Arctic Ocean during the period 1957-1961 is examined.
		The radiosonde profiles were obtained at the Russian drifting ice camps`North Pole 7` and`North Pole 8,` and the dropsonde profiles were measured during the United States Air Force`Ptarmigan` series of weather reconnaissance flights.
		The results indicate that the dropsonde soundings, although containing relatively few measurement levels, contain sufficient vertical resolution to characterize the temperature inversion.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=45907 (247 words)

	WC-130H Hercules
		A vertical atmospheric profile of pressure, temperature, humidity, barometric pressure wind speed and direction is received from the dropwindsonde as it descends to the ocean surface.
		Sea-surface winds are determined by looking at the condition of the water: white caps, foam, patches of green foam, and various types of streaks all point to wind direction and speed to the trained observer.
		While the weather officer is developing a picture of the storm at flight level, the Dropsonde System Operator launches an instrument to get a profile of the atmosphere from the aircraft all the way down to the surface.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/aircraft/wc-130h.htm (1353 words)

	Web Research Guide : Avoiding Plagiarism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A dropsonde is a small, round tube that is dropped into the eye of the hurricane.
		When the dropsonde is launched from the plane, the parachute opens, slowing down the dropsonde.
		As the dropsonde falls into the eye of the hurricane, it transmits data about the storm back to the hurricane hunters in the plane.
	www.classzone.com /books/research_guide/page_build.cfm?content=avoid_plagiarism&state=none (500 words)

	THE MEASUREMENT OF WATER VAPOUR IN THE TROPICAL AND ARCTIC ATMOSPHERE
		During 1999 the UK Meteorological Office C-130 aircraft was used to study water vapour in the atmosphere in tropical, mid-latitude and arctic conditions as part of the MOTH (Measurement Of Tropospheric Humidity) measurement campaigns.
		The dropsonde is seen to read about 10% dryer than the General Eastern above 11 g/kg.
		The two instruments, which have the same type of sensor element agree to within one standard deviation although the dropsonde appears to report dryer conditions.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /akv/papers/irs2000/vance/irs2000.htm (1188 words)

	MTP CAMEX4 Science Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		One of the reasons for wanting to fly the DC-8 MTP during CAMEX-4 was to take advantage of the fact that dropsondes (Jeff Halverson, PI) were to be used, and they would be useful for checking the MTP temperature calibration.
		However, there is a 0.4-1.0 K bias in the sense that dropsonde temperatures are warmer than the MTP temperatures.
		One thing that could cause the bias between MTP and Dropsondes is a bias in the pressure altitude: a 1 K offset would result from a 100 meter pressure altitude error.
	mtp.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/camex4/Science/DC8_MTP_DS_Comparison.html (394 words)

	WB-29 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the forward compartment behind the pilots were the navigator, the radar operator, the right scanner, and the left scanner (who also served as the dropsonde operator).
		The dropsonde was a small weather unit attached to a parachute.
		The second dropsonde was released at "Station 21" and its code was recorded by the dropsonde operator.
	www.datasync.com /~hhunters/hist2.htm (559 words)

	Biosphere - Dropsonde (Vinyl) at AB-CD.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dropsonde isn't a soundtrack like the interwoven Substrata nor an episodic journey in the way that Autour de la Lune is. Here Geir Jenssen is pushing new directions towards the jazz colors of Miles Davis and Jon Hassell, while re-invigorating the pulse and projection of his signature sound: a hypnotic combination of pleasure and dread.
		Jenssen's work acts on a very emotional level, one that encourages you to drift away into a haze of images and scenes brought to you by the music, where spectacular beauty hides unseen danger.
		Intense and moving, but comforting and soothing at the same time." Just as a dropsonde (weather balloon) measures pressure, humidity, and temperature, this is synaesthetic, carefully-measured music.
	www.ab-cd.com /icbin/media/TUH66.1.html (295 words)

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