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Topic: Drug interaction

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	Drug interaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance affects the activity of a drug, i.e.
		A contemporary example of a drug interaction used as an advantage is the co-administration of carbidopa with levodopa (available as Carbidopa/levodopa).
		Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drug_interaction (616 words)

	#1 Hepatitis C Primer - Information about the Hepatitis C Virus
		Most adverse drug interactions result in an increase or decrease in the effect of one of the drugs, but sometimes a combination of drugs results in a new reaction not seen with either of the drugs alone.
		When one drug causes an "increased effect" of another medication, this effect may be associated with various undesirable symptoms, such as sweating, nausea, rapid heartbeat, etc.; the type of symptoms that develop, as well as their severity, depends on the specific drugs being taken as well as the individual variability of your own body.
		Sometimes the dose of the object drug is adjusted to correct for the alteration caused by the drug interaction.
	www.hepcprimer.com /patient/drugs.html (1659 words)

	Drug Interactions - Medications: prescription drugs and over the counter drugs on MedicineNet.com
		An interaction can result when there is an increase or decrease in: (1) the absorption of a drug into the body; (2) distribution of the drug in the body; (3) changes made to the drug by the body (metabolism); and (4) elimination of the drug from the body.
		Drugs and certain types of food may increase or decrease the activity of these enzymes and therefore affect the concentration of drugs that are metabolized by these enzymes.
		Drug interactions that are of greatest concern are those that reduce the desired effects or increase the adverse effects of the drugs.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=19912 (1032 words)

	Rhode Island GEC Article: Drug Interactions in Primary Care
		In the first part, an evolving case of a potential drug interaction will be presented, followed by a brief overview of issues with drug interactions.
		Drug interactions are generally classified as being either pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic in nature.
		Pharmacodynamic interactions are those in which the administration of a drug results in a change in an individual's response to another drug without a change in the concentration of the latter medication.
	www.uri.edu /outreach/rigec/feature_druginteraction.html (768 words)

	Computerized Physician Order Entry, Drug Interaction, E prescribing, Patient Medical Profiles
		Adverse drug reactions are unintended and or unexpected responses to drug regimens that cause or prolong hospitalization.
		Drug interaction is how one or more drugs interact with each other, food and patient specific conditions such as height, weight, age, gender, race, and existing disease states.
		Drugs are designed to perform specific functions within the body but often cause other effects at the same time.
	www.centerfordrugsafety.org (1648 words)

	Drug Interactions: What You Should Know
		Drug interactions may make your drug less effective, cause unexpected side effects, or increase the action of a particular drug.
		Reading the label every time you use a nonprescription or prescription drug and taking the time to learn about drug interactions may be critical to your health.
		For example, mixing a drug you take to help you sleep (a sedative) and a drug you take for allergies (an antihistamine) can slow your reactions and make driving a car or operating machinery dangerous.
	www.fda.gov /cder/consumerinfo/druginteractions.htm (1462 words)

	Drug Interaction Significance Rating Scale
		These articles discussed ways that drug interactions could be classified for their relative importance and the interactions with drugs that dentists commonly use in practice.
		With the exception of the antituberculosis drug rifampin, clinical studies have failed to demonstrate an interaction.
		Adverse Drug Interactions in Dentistry: Sedatives and Anxiolytics
	www.db.uth.tmc.edu /faculty/vlewis/Vahnspage/2561/Drug_Interactions.htm (1695 words)

	Prescription Drug Interaction with Medications, Food Supplements, Industrial Chemicals & Alcohol
		A drug interaction refers to the possibility that one drug may alter the pharmacological effects of another drug given concurrently.
		Estimates of the incidence of drug-drug interactions, prescription drug interactions and over the counter medications have been reported as high as 20% of patients, who are on more than 5 medications at a time (polypharmacy).
		Prescription drug interactions involving drug metabolism can increase or decrease the amount of drug available for action by inhibition or induction of metabolism Interactions may occur among administered drugs, or between drugs, dietary substances, and industrial chemical exposures such as solvents used in degreasing, painting, and metal processing.
	www.environmentaldiseases.com /article-drug-interactions.html (1680 words)

	Drug Interaction
		The Drug Interaction Service is an informational resource designed to assist licensed health care providers in caring for their patients and provide consumers with drug-specific information.
		The Drug Interaction Service is not a substitute for the care provided by licensed health care providers and you are urged to consult with your health care provider in all instances.
		The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate.
	www.personalmd.com /drug_02.shtml (2640 words)

	Checking for Possible Herb-Drug Interactions
		As described in a previous article (The interactions of herbs and drugs, 2000 START Manuscripts), the nature of herb-drug interactions is not a chemical interaction between a drug and an herb component to produce something toxic.
		The 11 herb-drug interactions we identified were between ginkgo and aspirin [n = 8], ginkgo and trazodone (n = 1), ginseng and amlodipine (n = 1), and valerian and lorazepam (n = 1).
		Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly aspirin, have the potential to interact with herbal supplements that are known to possess antiplatelet activity (ginkgo, garlic, ginger, bilberry, dong quai, feverfew, ginseng, turmeric, meadowsweet and willow), with those containing coumarin (chamomile, motherwort, horse chestnut, fenugreek and red clover) and with tamarind, enhancing the risk of bleeding.
	www.itmonline.org /arts/herbdrug2.htm (5714 words)

	Grapefruit/Drug Interaction
		The mechanism of the drug-drug interaction appears to primarily result from inhibition of CYP3A4 in the intestinal wall and is most important for drugs with high first pass metabolism.
		It inhibits the absorption and increases the excretion of drugs.
		For drugs that are significantly impacted by this interaction, one glass (8 ounces or 250 mL) of grapefruit juice is enough to cause the interaction, and following regular ingestion, the effect can last for up to three days following the last glass.
	www.yafferuden.com /html/grapefruit_drug_interaction.html (1043 words)

	Drug Interaction Checker from Drugs.com
		A drug interaction occurs when the effect of a particular drug is altered when it is taken with another drug, or with food.
		Multum's drug information is a reference resource designed as supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge, and judgement of healthcare practitioners in patient care.
		The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug of drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for any given patient.
	www.drugs.com /drug_interactions.html (1109 words)

	Monitoring Drug Interactions - Health Talk and You - Health Information for Minnesotans, the University of Minnesota
		By Todd D. Sorensen, Pharm.D. The term drug interaction is used to describe a situation in which the way a medication would normally act in the body is alteredbecause of another substance.
		Drug interactions that a patient would actually notice are not all that common.
		Sometimes it's not the interaction of two drugs that's problematic, but rather, the condition treated by one drug is adversely affected by the other.
	www.ahc.umn.edu /healthtalk/topics/druginteractions/home.html (639 words)

	Drug Interaction Disclaimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Drug interaction information in Healthnotes is not intended to replace information supplied by a doctor or pharmacist; neither is it intended to replace package inserts or other printed material that may be available or accompany a particular drug.
		Instead, Healthnotes reviews known major interactions between pharmaceutical drugs and food, specific nutrients, and herbs—for example, inhibition of vitamin K caused by antibiotics or iron deficiency triggered by long-term use of aspirin.
		It is always wise for people seeking information about interactions between a prescription drug and food, specific nutrients, or herbs to talk with their pharmacist, prescribing physician, or both.
	www.gianteagle.com /healthnotes/Drug/Drug_Disclaimer.htm (276 words)

	HIV ePharmacotherapy Network - Drug-drug Interaction Abstracts
		Pharmacokinetic interaction between rifampin and the twice-daily combination of indinavir and low-dose ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.
		Assessment of the multiple-dose pharmacokinetic interaction of lopinavir/ritonavir with nelfinavir.
		Co-administration of LPV/R and PHT resulted in a two-way drug interaction in which both LPV/R and PHT plasma concentrations were significantly decreased.
	hiv.buffalo.edu /drugint-abstracts.shtml (2157 words)

	Holistic Heart Health
		Drugs are listed by both generic and trade names, either selection is sufficient.
		Disclaimer: The information provided regarding drug/supplement side effects and interactions are presented as being the most up-to-date and accurate data available to the best of Holistic Heart Health’s (“HHH”) current knowledge.
		Holistic Heart Health (“HHH”) is not responsible for the results of your decisions resulting from the use of the Drug/Supplement Interaction page service, including, but not limited to, your choosing to seek or not to seek professional medical care, or from choosing or not choosing a specific treatment.
	www.holistichearthealth.com /interaction.asp (329 words)

	HIV ePharmacotherapy Network - Drug Interactions
		Also, these results further underline the potential value of therapeutic drug monitoring in the face of the complex and unpredictable drug interactions seen in antiretroviral therapy.
		The addition of a second protease inhibitor eliminates amprenavir-efavirenz drug interactions and increases plasma amprenavir concentrations [abstract 78].
		Drug disposition as determined by the interplay between drug-transporting and drug-metabolizing systems.
	hiv.buffalo.edu /druginteractions.shtml (1173 words)

	If Codeine Isn't Working There May Be A Drug Interaction
		In general, when patients don't respond as expected to any medication, the possibility of a drug interaction and drug-induced adverse effects should be considered.
		Every time a new drug is prescribed, the patient and healthcare providers should review the patient's medications and screen for drug interactions.
		Pharmacogenetic determination of the effects of codeine and prediction of drug interactions.
	www.qtdrugs.org /consumers/04-codeine.htm (448 words)

	Management of Grapefruit-Drug Interactions - August 15, 2006 -- American Family Physician
		These alternative drugs may be substituted if a patient experiences or is at risk of a grapefruit-drug interaction.
		Studies of the intravenous form of drugs that are substrates of hepatic CYP 3A4 and have the potential to interact with grapefruit failed to demonstrate any effect on plasma concentration.
		Increased drug exposure without effects on peak concentration may cause increased adverse events or toxicity evidenced by renal toxicity, hepatic toxicity, and increased immunosuppression.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20060815/605.html (1885 words)

	Drug Interaction & Dietary Supplements Safety Information
		A special concern is potential interaction between a dietary supplement and any prescription or OTC (over the counter) drugs you may be taking.
		A special concern is potential interaction between a supplement and any prescription or OTC drugs you may be taking.
		Drug interaction information provided in Healthnotes is not intended to replace information supplied by a doctor or pharmacist; neither is it intended to replace package inserts or other printed material that may be available or accompany a particular drug.
	www.myvitaminguide.com /public/department48.cfm (404 words)

	Adverse drug reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of different medications.
		The term is preferred over the colloquial and imprecise "side effect", as the term "side effect" implies the potential for beneficial consequences, such as death and that the effects are not explained by the pharmacological actions of the drug.
		While ADR is probably the most precise term to describe the concept, it is not widely used in the community since it may be perceived as jargon and because of the negative-associations with the term "drug".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction (175 words)

	BeMedWise - Promoting Wise Use of OTC Medications
		Sometimes when two drugs interact, the overall effect of one or both of the drugs may be greater than desired.
		The worst feared is a potentially deadly drug-drug interaction, such as one which results in a dangerous drop in blood pressure, a fast-paced, irregular heart beat, a buildup of toxins that damage the heart or liver, etc. However, most drug-drug interactions are considerably less severe.
		Changes in a medicine's effect due to an interaction can be significant, however, there are many individual factors that influence the potential for variations, such as dosage, age, weight, sex and overall health.
	www.bemedwise.org /quiz_facts/facts.htm (1193 words)

	FDA/National Consumers League - Pamphlet on Food and Drug Interactions
		Many medicines have powerful ingredients that interact with the human body in different ways, and diet and lifestyle can sometimes have a significant impact on a drug's ability to work in the body.
		Changes in a medicine's effect due to an interaction with food, alcohol or caffeine can be significant; however, there are many individual factors that influence the potential for such variations, like dose, age, weight, sex, and overall health.
		It is also important to remember that many drugs interact with other drugs and may cause serious medical conditions.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~lrd/fdinter.html (2268 words)

	Drug Interactions: Decision Trees
		Possible model for decision-making: whether an investigational drug is a substrate for P-gp and whether an in vivo drug interaction study with a P-gp inhibitor is needed.
		A net flux ratio >2 for the investigational drug is a positive signal for further evaluation.
		Possible model for decision-making: whether an investigational drug is an inhibitor for p-gp and whether in vivo drug interaction studies with a P-gp probe substrate, such as digoxin, is needed
	www.fda.gov /cder/drug/drugInteractions/decisionTree.htm (393 words)

	NATIONAL HIV/AIDS CLINICIANS' CONSULTATION CENTER: Drug Interaction Management
		Searchable by ARV drug, interacting drug, or interacting drug class.
		Drugs are organized by enzyme substrate and drug class
		Drug interactions associated with HAART: focus on treatments for addiction and recreational drugs.
	www.ucsf.edu /hivcntr/Clinical_Resources/Pharmacy/Drug_Intxn_Web.htm (564 words)

	What drug is best for you? Ask your genes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Researchers at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center are studying a field called pharmacogenomics, which looks at the ways in which drugs interact with genes and metabolism.
		Already, in studying the breast cancer drug tamoxifen, researchers have found some women carry an abnormality on their genes that turns the drug into an inactive metabolite that is excreted.
		Then he or she can use that information to determine which particular drug to prescribe and in what dose, based on how that patient will metabolize it.
	www.cancer.med.umich.edu /news/druginteraction05.htm (710 words)

	herb and Drug Interactions
		Please email eddy@happyherbalist.com with any prescription drugs and herbs you are requesting information on and we will try to answer as soon as possible.
		The constitution and overall heath of the patient, the strength and severity of the pathogen, diet and lifestyle, are some of the most critical factors in determining drug intervention.
		The nature of herb-drug interactions is not a chemical interaction between a drug and an herb component to produce something toxic.
	www.happyherbalist.com /herb-drug_interaction.htm (375 words)

	GeneMedRx: Pharmacogenetics Enabled Drug Interaction Software. Drug information,Cytochrome, P450, Prescription Drug ...
		This prediction is based both on the potential interaction of drug combinations (drug-drug) and the genetic ability of the patient to process drugs (drug-gene, known as pharmacogenetics).
		Remember to never make modifcations to your drug regimen without consulting your physician as medical training and judgment is needed.
		For instance, the program predicts interactions based on a standard dose of the medications entered, your physican may have already modified the dose based on the predicted interaction.
	www.genemedrx.com /public/home.html (386 words)

	>> Center for Food-Drug Interaction >> Research and Education
		The extent of a potential interaction with grapefruit juice will vary from drug to drug, and person to person, depending on many factors, including individual genetics and the characteristics of the particular medication.
		While research on drug interactions with grapefruit juice is ongoing, this Web site provides the most current research available on the topic.
		For patients taking medications known to interact with grapefruit juice, there generally are non-interacting, alternative medications that offer safe treatment with no need to discontinue drinking grapefruit juice.
	www.druginteractioncenter.org /consu.php?interaction_category=9 (267 words)

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