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Topic: Drug paraphernalia

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Recreational drug use

War on drugs

List of famous drug smugglers

Marijuana

Late 1980s recession

William Jardine

John Murray Forbes

Europe

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1980s

Illegal drug trade

	Recreational drug use - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drugs for recreational rather than medical or spiritual purposes, although the distinction is not always clear.
		This attitude is least prevalent in western Europe—see Drug policy of the Netherlands—and more recently in Canada, where enforcement of extant legal penalties for possession of small amounts of marijuana and other so-called "soft drugs" such as hallucinogenic mushrooms is increasingly ignored or given a low priority by law enforcement officials.
		All of the currently legal recreational drugs (alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, tea, coffee and even chocolate) have been subject to prohibition throughout history, and likewise all of the currently illegal recreational drugs have been legal as recently as the early twentieth century.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /recreational_drug_use.htm (1019 words)

	Drug paraphernalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Drug paraphernalia is any legitimate equipment, product, or material that is modified for making, using, or concealing illegal drugs such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine.
		Drug paraphernalia does not include any items traditionally used with tobacco, like pipes and rolling papers.
		Paraphernalia laws are therefore nothing more than feel-good measures that enable authorities to impose even more charges for the same crime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drug_paraphernalia (565 words)

	Drug Paraphernalia Factsheet
		are used by drug traffickers for preparing illegal drugs for distribution at the street level.
		With the rise of the drug culture in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, the country began to see the appearance of head shops,”; which were stores that sold a wide range of drug paraphernalia.
		Drug paraphernalia is often marketed specifically to youth—with colorful logos, celebrity pictures, and designs like smiley faces on the products—the items are meant to look harmless and belie the dangers of taking controlled substances.
	www.usdoj.gov /dea/concern/paraphernaliafact.html (401 words)

	13-3415 - Possession, manufacture, delivery and advertisement of drug paraphernalia; definitions; violation; ...
		A. It is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a drug in violation of this chapter.
		D. All drug paraphernalia is subject to forfeiture pursuant to chapter 39 of this title.
		The failure to charge or acquittal of an owner or anyone in control of drug paraphernalia in violation of this chapter does not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use or designed for use as drug paraphernalia.
	www.azleg.state.az.us /ars/13/03415.htm (812 words)

	Drug Paraphernalia Fast Facts
		The term drug paraphernalia refers to any equipment that is used to produce, conceal, and consume illicit drugs.
		Identifying drug paraphernalia can be challenging because products often are marketed as though they were designed for legitimate purposes.
		Recognizing drug paraphernalia often involves considering other factors such as the manner in which items are displayed for sale, descriptive materials or instructions accompanying the items, and the type of business selling the items.
	www.usdoj.gov /ndic/pubs6/6445 (360 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : Against Drug Prohibition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The universality of drug use throughout human history has led some experts to conclude that the desire to alter consciousness, for whatever reasons, is a basic human drive.
		A "drug free America" is not a realistic goal, and by criminally banning psychoactive drugs the government has ceded all control of potentially dangerous substances to criminals.
		While it is impossible to predict exactly how drug use patterns would change under a system of regulated manufacture and distribution, the iron rules of prohibition are that 1) illegal markets are controlled by producers, not consumers, and 2) prohibition fosters the sale and consumption of more potent and dangerous forms of drugs.
	www.aclu.org /DrugPolicy/DrugPolicy.cfm?ID=12401&c=19 (2355 words)

	PRIDE Surveys-drug info-Fads & Paraphernalia
		These fad drugs are created by changing the molecular structure of one element of a legal drug.
		MPPP, another designer drug, is a chemical cousin to "Ecstasy." A heroin-like drug, it has caused brain damage, paralysis and other symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease.
		If your state had banned the sale of paraphernalia, and you, your children or their friends, know of any stores which market illegal drug implements, prepare a list including the names of the stores, their addresses and telephone number, and the type of illegal sale.
	www.pridesurveys.com /main/d_drugfacts.html (723 words)

	13-901.01 - Probation for persons convicted of possession or use of controlled substances or drug paraphernalia; ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		D. If a person is convicted of personal possession or use of a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia, as a condition of probation, the court shall require participation in an appropriate drug treatment or education program administered by a qualified agency or organization that provides such programs to persons who abuse controlled substances.
		Each person who is enrolled in a drug treatment or education program shall be required to pay for participation in the program to the extent of the person's financial ability.
		F. If a person is convicted a second time of personal possession or use of a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia, the court may include additional conditions of probation it deems necessary, including intensified drug treatment, community restitution, intensive probation, home arrest or any other action within the jurisdiction of the court.
	www.azleg.state.az.us /ars/13/00901-01.htm (508 words)

	Why we must attack the drug-paraphernalia trade: It enables drug abuse
		The reality is that the spread of the drug trade through a community is very often aided and abetted by sleazy "head shops" on downtown street corners (or increasingly on a kid's computer screen).
		The impact is to familiarize kids with what to expect when they try drugs, and to send the corrosive message that drug use is acceptable, even expected, of young people.
		Paraphernalia shops directly foster a culture of drug use among kids, making it look fun, attractive, safe and an accepted part of young people's lives.
	www.post-gazette.com /forum/comm/20030326walt0326p6.asp (669 words)

	ipedia.com: Recreational drug use Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This attitude is most prevalent in western Europe, see Drug policy of the Netherlands, and more recently in Canada, where enforcement of extant legal penalties for possession of small amounts of marijuana and other so-called "soft drugs" such as hallucinogenic mushrooms is increasingly ignored or given a low priority by law enforcement officials.
		The Drug Enforcement Agency, or DEA, is primarily responsible for illegal drug interdiction at the federal level.
		The drugs most popular for recreational use worldwide are alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine.
	www.ipedia.com /recreational_drug_use.html (718 words)

	Ordinance #155 - Drug Paraphernalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		No person may use, or possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this section.
		(b) by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under 18 years of age is guilty of a special offense.
		Any drug paraphernalia used in violation of this section shall be seized and forfeited to the town.
	www.summitpolice.org /ords/ord155.html (879 words)

	#106: 02-24-03 OPERATION PIPE DREAMS PUTS 55 ILLEGAL DRUG PARAPHERNALIA SELLERS OUT OF BUSINESS
		Quite simply, the illegal drug paraphernalia industry has invaded the homes of families across the country without their knowledge.
		Federal law defines drug paraphernalia as those products that are primarily intended or designed to be used in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise using controlled substances, and include user-friendly and dealer-friendly devices.
		Drug users, in turn, by creating demand for heroin, cocaine and marijuana, and other illicit substances, are responsible for the violence and huge profits which accompany drug dealing in our cities and communities," said U.S. Attorney Buchanan.
	www.usdoj.gov /opa/pr/2003/February/03_crm_106.htm (1718 words)

	Chapter 475 — Controlled Substances; Illegal Drug Cleanup; Paraphernalia; Precursors
		The Drug Prevention and Education Fund consists of moneys deposited in the fund under section 3 of this 2001 Act and section 17, chapter 666, Oregon Laws 2001, and from the Forfeiture Account established in ORS 475A.130, and other moneys as may be appropriated to the fund by law.
		The moneys in the Drug Prevention and Education Fund are continuously appropriated to the Department of Human Services for the purpose of assisting counties in paying the costs incurred by the counties in providing drug treatment services pursuant to plans submitted under section 1 of this 2001 Act.
		Persons with valid registration from the Drug Enforcement Administration for research on controlled substances may conduct research within this state in compliance with other state law upon furnishing the board evidence of that federal registration, and are exempt from state prosecution for possession and distribution of controlled substances to the extent of the registration.
	landru.leg.state.or.us /ors/475.html (8855 words)

	Glowsticks Considered "Drug Paraphernalia" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Despite the fact that the government spent $17.9 billion battling drugs last year -- and arrested 1,532,200 people on drug charges the year before -- the number of young adult drug users has not significantly changed since it hit a peak in 1997, according to the annual Monitoring the Future study.
		Drugs like GHB (a liquid that mildly mimics the floaty, euphoric sensation of ecstasy) and ketamine (an animal tranquilizer that, when snorted, sends the user into a hallucinatory state like catatonia), which once were used primarily by New Agers seeking psychedelic epiphanies, are also on the rise among young adults and teens.
		For several years, federal drug authorities have been conducting a P.R. campaign that labels these toys as "drug paraphernalia" that will help identify that drugs are being taken.
	www.poppies.org /news/99319779810192.shtml (3620 words)

	Hemp News - New law to put the bite on sellers of drug paraphernalia
		It already is a misdemeanor to use or sell drug paraphernalia, but citizens and police convinced the Legislature and the governor that the law isn't enough to stop sales from stores.
		But under the new law, which takes effect June 12, police will be empowered to consider sales of paraphernalia as infractions, much like traffic infractions, and would not have to prove the sellers knew the buyers wanted the items for drug use.
		But it pleases citizens who were so outraged at the presence of the store near an elementary school and middle school that they took their case to the Legislature.
	www.hemp.net /news/9804/980406wa.html (548 words)

	The Vaults of Erowid : Federal Paraphernalia Definition
		Any drug paraphernalia involved in any violation of subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture upon the conviction of a person for such violation.
		Any such paraphernalia shall be delivered to the Administrator of General Services, General Services Administration, who may order such paraphernalia destroyed or may authorize its use for law enforcement or educational purposes by Federal, State, or local authorities.
		The term ''drug paraphernalia'' means any equipment, product, or material of any kind which is primarily intended or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, concealing, producing, processing, preparing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance, possession of which is unlawful under this subchapter.
	www.erowid.org /psychoactives/law/law_fed_paraphernalia.shtml (489 words)

	cannabisnews.com: Drug-Paraphernalia Traffickers Out of Business
		Drug paraphernalia, once the province of neighborhood "head shops," has exploded into a billion-dollar industry in which suppliers use the Internet to sell their wares with little fear of prosecution, the officials said.
		Federal law makes it a crime to sell drug paraphernalia, which is defined as any product "primarily intended or designed" to aid in the manufacturing, concealing or ingesting of a controlled substance.
		According to federal law, drug paraphernalia is defined as any equipment, product or material primarily intended for use in processing, preparing, injecting, ingesting or inhaling illegal drugs.
	www.cannabisnews.com /news/thread15555.shtml (3132 words)

	Supreme Court to Rule in Drug Paraphernalia Case
		The statute outlines conditions for judging whether material is paraphernalia, such as the way the item is displayed for sale or the likelihood that the item would be used for legitimate purposes, such as for smoking tobacco.
		Janus also argued that Congress could not regulate the sale of drug paraphernalia because a connection was not shown between its sale and the effect on interstate commerce.
		Finally, he is arguing that the drug paraphernalia statutes are too vague and are therefore a violation of the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches.
	www.ndsn.org /nov95/parapher.html (715 words)

	Other Drug-Use Paraphernalia Besides Needles May Increase HIV Infection Risk
		Educating injecting drug users (IDUs) to reduce their risks of HIV transmission by using clean needles and by switching to other drug use practices may be communicating only part of the message necessary to effectively change high-risk behaviors, according to a NIDA-funded study.
		The study is among the first to show that drug paraphernalia other than needles and syringes also may place IDUs at increased risk of HIV infection, according to Drs.
		Their evidence indicates that using contaminated water for rinsing needles, cotton swabs for filtering drug solutions, and "cookers" such as spoons or bottle caps for dissolving drugs possibly may be responsible for transmitting the AIDS virus.
	www.nida.nih.gov /Nida_Notes/NNVol12N2/Paraphernalia.html (382 words)

	Drug Paraphernalia : bongs, marijuana pipes, roach clips, miniature spoons and scales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ashcroft said the sale of drug paraphernalia has exploded on the Internet, making it easier for teenagers and young adults to buy it.
		``Quite simply, the illegal drug paraphernalia industry has invaded the homes of families across the country without their knowledge,'' Ashcroft said in a statement.
		``People selling drug paraphernalia are in essence no different than drug dealers,'' said John Brown, acting DEA chief.
	www.cannabis.net /articles/paraphernalia.html (342 words)

	Drugstory \| Drug Information \| Marijuana
		Surveys parental assumptions and attitudes regarding drugs and today’s youth, as well as how parents handle the issue of drugs with their children.
		Educates parents about drugs and emphasizes the impact they can have in curbing their children's substance use.
		This annual survey of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders tracks trends in the use of licit and illict drugs as well as trends in the levels of perceived risk and personal disapproval associated with each drug.
	www.drugstory.org /drug_info/marijuana.asp (1473 words)

	Drug paraphernalia sales irk city officials: 10/ 4/ 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Police concede the open sale of drug paraphernalia is a byproduct of the city's thriving drug economy.
		A ban on paraphernalia alone won't solve the region's drug problem, conceded Tracy Desovich.
		When the narcotics detectives in Lt. Cordeiro's unit raid a stash house and find a digital scale and inch-by-inch plastic bags next to a lump of cocaine, the items are drug paraphernalia.
	www.southcoasttoday.com /daily/10-04/10-04-04/a01lo582.htm (842 words)

	Drug Awareness Course - Drug CD, anti-drug, drug CD-ROM, anti-drug cd-rom, drug software, terrorism, anti-drug cd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Controlled Substances Act (CSA), Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, is the legal foundation of the U.S. Government's fight against the abuse of drugs.
		Drug Awareness introduces and defines the Controlled Substances Act and its relation to the illegal drug classes.
		The drugs Rohypnol, Ketamine, GHB, and GBL have gained notoriety to facilitate sexual assault and law enforcement have been urgent in their efforts to pursue traffickers of these drugs.
	www.right-brain-media.com /drug-awareness.html (443 words)

	cannabisnews.com: Feds Weed Out Drug Paraphernalia Sites
		As you may be aware, state and federal authorities recently conducted raids of various companies/individuals that sell "drug paraphernalia", such as pipes and related materials.
		Ashcroft says customers who want to visit some of their favorite drug paraphernalia websites are in for a big surprise in the days ahead.
		So now Barmes is in a LOT of trouble - Drug Paraphernalia, Money Laundering, Tax Evasion and with the new Patriot act, they are "enemies of the state" (because of the offshore bank used with illegal activities).
	www.cannabisnews.com /news/thread15552.shtml (3615 words)

	Drug Policy Alliance: Drug Paraphernalia Merchants Targeted
		Forty-five drug paraphernalia businesses had their inventory seized, effectively putting them out of business.
		Defendants have been charged with conspiracy to sell and offer for sale drug paraphernalia, with offering to sell drug paraphernalia and/or with actually selling items of drug paraphernalia on specified dates.
		Federal law defines drug paraphernalia as those products that are primarily intended or designed to be used in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise using controlled substances.
	www.drugpolicy.org /news/02_25_03paraphernalia.cfm (362 words)

	Drugstory \| Drug Information \| Drug Paraphernalia
		Describes various objects used as drug paraphernalia--what they are, how they are used, and with which drugs they are associated.
		Within popular culture, the number 420 refers to police lingo for a drug bust in progress.
		Surprisingly, police say the sale of the drug paraphernalia is perfectly legal in Georgia.
	www.drugstory.org /drug_info/drugparaphernalia.asp (307 words)

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