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	Younger Dryas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Younger Dryas saw a rapid return to glacial conditions in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between 12,900 – 11,500 years before present (BP)[2] in sharp contrast to the warming of the preceding interstadial deglaciation.
		Replacement of forest in Scandinavia with glacial tundra (which is the habitat of the plant Dryas octopetala).
		The prevailing theory holds that the Younger Dryas was caused by a significant reduction or shutdown of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to a sudden influx of fresh water from deglaciation in North America.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Younger_Dryas (769 words)

	Younger Dryas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Younger Dryas stadial, named after the alpine / tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala, and also referred to as the Big Freeze [1], was a brief cold climate period following the Bölling/Allerød interstadial at the end of the Pleistocene, and preceding the Preboreal of the early Holocene.
		The Younger Dryas saw a rapid return to glacial conditions in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between 12,900 – 11,500 years before present (BP)[2]in sharp contrast to the warming of the preceding interstadial deglaciation.
		Replacement of forest in Scandinavia with glacial tundra (which is the habitat of the plant Dryas octopetala, from which the period is named).
	hallencyclopedia.com /Younger_Dryas (859 words)

	Read about Younger Dryas at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Younger Dryas and learn about Younger Dryas here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Dryas octopetala, and also referred to as the Big Freeze [1], was a brief cold
		The Younger Dryas saw a rapid return to glacial conditions in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between 12,900 – 11,500 years before present (BP)[2]in sharp contrast to the warming of the preceding interstadial
		The prevailing theory holds that the Younger Dryas was caused by a significant reduction or shutdown of the North Atlantic
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Younger_Dryas (579 words)

	Younger Dryas -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Younger Dryas saw a rapid return to glacial conditions in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between 12,900 – 11,500 years before present (BP)[2]in sharp contrast to the warming of the preceding interstadial (Click link for more info and facts about deglaciation) deglaciation.
		Although the Younger Dryas had the greatest effect in (The 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles) Europe, it was noted throughout the world including:
		Drought in the (The former name for the geographical area of the eastern Mediterranean that is now occupied by Lebanon and Syria and Israel) Levant, perhaps motivating the (Click link for more info and facts about Natufian culture) Natufian culture to invent (The class of people engaged in growing food) agriculture.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/y/yo/younger_dryas.htm (728 words)

	Synopsis of Daphis and Chloe
		Dryas prays to the Nymphs to help the child, and then takes the child and its tokens home to his wife Nape and they too decide to raise the foundling, giving her the pastoral name Chloe.
		Dryas is persuaded, and he agrees to try to convince Daphnis' adoptive father, Lamon, to consent to the marriage.
		After much deliberation with Daphnis, Dryas goes with Chloe's tokens to Dionysophanes and Cleariste and tells them the story of Chloe's discovery, reveals the tokens and hints to Dionysophanes that she might be a good match for Daphnis, whose reaction reveals his love.
	www.chss.montclair.edu /classics/petron/daphnisc.html (4034 words)

	Institute of Plant Ecology - Christoph Lünterbusch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Dryas integrifolia is treated by many authors as a species indicating dry, calcareous habitats growing in vegetation types belonging to the Carici-Kobresietea class.
		It turns out that Dryas is an “active species” with a wide ecological amplitude, and in the Uummannaq District it grows together with very acidophytic species like Huperzia selago on the one hand and with very basiphytic species like Psora decipiens on the other hand.
		Dryas integrifolia is found together with hygrophytic mire species like Eriophorum angustifolium and moreover in steppe-like habitats side by side with xerophytic species like Carex supina.
	www.uni-muenster.de /Biologie.Pflanzenoekologie/staff/luenterb.htm (403 words)

	DRYAS (PLANT) FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		''Dryas'' is a genus of three species of dwarf perennial herbaceous plants in the rose family Rosaceae, native to the arctic and alpine regions of Europe, Asia and North_America.
		The classification of ''Dryas'' within the Rosaceae is presently unclear.
		However, recent genetic research indicates that Dryadeae may be paraphyletic, with ''Dryas'' not closely related to the other three genera.
	www.brolgas.com /dryas_(plant) (180 words)

	Abrupt Climate Change - the Younger Dryas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Dryas octopetala is a flower in the Rosaceae family, typical of cold, open, Arctic environments.
		In the nineteenth century, the leaves and fruits of this plant were found in Scandinavia layers atop tree macrofossils, indicating that an abrupt climate shift to cold conditions took place.
		The shift was termed the Younger Dryas, as it was the youngest shift to cold conditions, and the most pronounced all over Europe.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /res/pi/arch/peteet.shtml (196 words)

	Encyclopedia: Dryas Monkey
		The Dryas Monkey (Cercopithecus dryas), also known as Salonga Monkey or Ntolu, is a little-known species of guenon found only in the Congo Basin, restricted to the left bank of the Congo River.
		Some older sources treat the Dryas Monkey as a subspecies of the Diana Monkey and classify it as Cercopithecus diana dryas, but it is geographically isolated from any known Diana Monkey population.
		Dryas monkeys feed mainly on plant materials, primarily fruit, flowers and young leaves, though they will also take some invertebrates.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Dryas-Monkey (310 words)

	Climate variation in the tropical Pacific: coral provides proof
		The Younger Dryas period, about 12 000 years ago, was marked by a sharp cooling event in the Northern Hemisphere.
		The temperature curves drawn from fossil Diploastrea data show that during the Younger Dryas period the STT around Vanuatu was on average 4.5°C lower than at present (2).
		This climatic scenario is similar to conditions seen in the present during an El Niño event, during which the west Pacific warm pool contracts towards the Equator, the SPTCZ then moving towards the North to fuse with the intertropical convergence zone.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-05/idrp-cvi_1050604.php (955 words)

	IS THE YOUNGER DRYAS GLOBAL IN EXTENT? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Evidence for the Younger Dryas cooling event (~10,500 - 13,000 calendar years ago) is found in a variety of climatic proxies, such as variations in pollen records, composition of ice cores, grain size in loess deposits, chemistry of ocean sediments, and the presence of glacial moraines.
		The Younger Dryas is well established in the North Atlantic region becoming more problematic in both evidence and chronological control in other areas of the world.
		Nevertheless, the Younger Dryas appears to be global in scale, albeit the signals vary in strength.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_63494.htm (359 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Younger Dryas - the Ice Age's Last Big Blast
		The climatic conditions of mid-latitude regions during the Younger Dryas were probably similar to those of Siberia and northern Canada today.
		It is believed that the Younger Dryas may have happened due to the melting of ice caps in the post-Ice Age warming period.
		Dryas is a tundral flower whose pollen turned up in a lake in Denmark.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A760240 (978 words)

	[No title]
		In Europe and most of the Near East the record of human occupation during the Younger Dryas is ambiguous, with the 'age plateau' in radiocarbon ages adding to the confusion (10,000 years ago in radiocarbon terms can mean anything between 11,200 to 12,200 'real' years ago).
		The post-Younger Dryas colonization hypothesis is only one of a range of potential scenarios, suggested by the paleoenvironmental and archaeological record, leading to the spread of Indo-European languages, or higher-order language groups such as the paired Indo-European/Uralic familes, or the still broader and more heterogenous Nostratic superfamily.
		It is interesting to consider that this region, having the general characteristics of a source region for a 'sparse wave' of hunter gatherers, was also a key source for the 'farming wave' of Neolithic farmers.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/Indo2.html (3721 words)

	Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago - Dryas integrifolia Vahl.
		A cold interval in the Early Holocene is known as the Younger Dryas, after the genus Dryas that spread southward with the frigid conditions.
		Dryas integrifolia fruits abundantly, and its immature achenes form an important food item for numerous species of small rodents and for several species of birds.
		Dryas octopetala is thought to have once had a complete circumpolar distribution reaching iNorth Americaerica from Alaska south to Colorado and east to north-eastern Greenland.
	www.mun.ca /biology/delta/arcticf/_ca/www/rodrin.htm (2398 words)

	Abrupt Climate Change Paleo Perspective Data- Abrupt Climate Change During Glacial Times
		The Younger Dryas was an over 1,000 year long cold period between the last ice age and modern conditions.
		It was not until the 1989-1994 U.S. and European projects GISP2 and GRIP drilled their long ice cores in Greenland that scientists could understand the rapidity with which climate changed during the Younger Dryas (Alley 2000, Cuffey and Clow 1997).
		Records of the Younger Dryas are prominent across most of the northern hemisphere, and some manifestations of the event may spread worldwide.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/abrupt/data_glacial.html (510 words)

	Younger Dryas Paleoclimate Data; GISS, NY
		In the northeastern U.S., the Younger Dryas event is regionally apparent from pollen records that indicate a change from a mixed hardwood deciduous forest (oak, ash, spruce, fir) to a boreal assemblage (spruce, fir, larch, birch, alder) as seen in pollen zones A-3 and A-4 in the first figure.
		The close of the Younger Dryas cooling, typified by a vegetation change from boreal trees to a warmer white pine and oak forest, took place over an interval of between 50 and 150 years.
		From the macrofossil changes, it is evident that trees such as spruce, fir, and paper birch became locally extinct at the time of this rapid warming, and have remained absent from this region for the past 10,000 years.
	gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov /records/GCMD_EARTH_LAND_GISS_Paleocl_Dryas1.html (1217 words)

	Longus, Daphnis and Chloe
		Dryas and Nape, his wife, decided to take in the baby and named her Chloe.
		One night, Dryas and Lamon had the same dream that the children would fall in love and become shepherds and goatherds.
		Dryas told the truth about how Chloe was also found and it was decided that the two should be married.
	people.uncw.edu /deagona/ancientnovel/longus.htm (2288 words)

	Global Climate Change Student Guide
		This event is known as the Younger Dryas Cooling.
		The Younger Dryas cooling event may have been caused by meltwater-induced changes in the atmosphere-ocean circulation.
		Unfortunately, evidence of CO reduction during the Younger Dryas (Stauffer et al., 1985) remains inconclusive.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /Resources/gcc/5-3-2-1.html (304 words)

	Ascending Heaven- the webcomic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		After she leaves, Dryas is a bit hesitant, knowing who they are hiring, after all, but Scot dismisses his concerns.
		(this is far from the last time this is gonna happen...) She calls up Scot and Dryas to yell at them cause they sent her to a place where slimeballs are hitting on her, but is rather horrified to learn that the slimeball hitting on her is her contact.
		Lyanka and Dryas move to discover the results of Julian's little "game." Vaughn is rescued, and everyone heads back to the HQ.
	ascendingheaven.keenspace.com /aharchive.html (1487 words)

	W. S. Broecker, "What If the Conveyor Were to Shut Down?" GSA Today 9(1):1-7 (January 1999)
		Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to compare the climate of the late Allerød with that of the Younger Dryas.
		In contrast, the Younger Dryas is weakly expressed in many pollen records, giving rise to numerous claims that it didn't cause significant climate change outside northern Europe.
		The trigger for the precipitous Younger Dryas cooling as first proposed by Rooth (1982) was likely the large pulse of fresh water released into the northern Atlantic as a result of the sudden switch in the outlet of proglacial Lake Agassiz from the Mississippi to the St. Lawrence drainage.
	faculty.washington.edu /wcalvin/teaching/Broecker99.html (4292 words)

	Sailer, Kerschner and Heller
		Three-dimensional reconstruction of Younger Dryas glaciers with a raster-based GIS
		In the case of the Younger Dryas climatic fluctuation, this has been done recently by Renssen (1997).
		The ELA depression for the Kartell stadial in the upper part of Ochsental is -90 m, which is the same as at the type locality (Fraedrich 1979).
	ggg.qub.ac.uk /papers/full/1999/rp011999/rp01.html (4278 words)

	Temperature Changes During the Younger Dryas in New Zealand -- Newnham; et al. 283 (5403): 759 -- Science
		Temperature Changes During the Younger Dryas in New Zealand -- Newnham; et al.
		Dryas initiation in the context of pollen evidence from these
		The Younger Dryas was a period of climatic change that occurred 11,000 to 10,000 radiocarbon years before the present.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/283/5403/759a (1093 words)

	Abrupt Climate Change Paleo Perspective Story- Mechanisms- Thermohaline & Vegetation
		Scientists have found evidence in paleoclimate records that the Younger Dryas was caused by a change in the ocean thermohaline circulation.
		Often called a conveyor belt because of its northward transport at the surface, and southward return flow in the abyss in the Atlantic, the ocean thermohaline circulation system is a slow, three-dimensional pattern of flow involving the surface and deep oceans around the world.
		The Younger Dryas in the GISP2 ice core (Cuffey and Clow (1997) and Alley (2000)) and reconstructed freshwater flux into the North Atlantic (Clark et al., 2001).
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/abrupt/story3.html (619 words)

	Dictionary: Draco to Ereuthus, Greek Mythology Link.
		Dryas 2 was killed by Tereus 1, his brother [Apd.1.8.2; Hes.SH.179; Hyg.Fab.45, 173].
		Pallene, being in love with Clitus 4, had one of the chariot-drivers bribed, so that the chariot of Dryas 6 would fail him; and when this happened Clitus 4 killed his contender and married Pallene [Parth.6.3-6].
		Dryas 9 was a chieftain from Tanagra who came to defend Thebes ahainst the SEVEN with a thousand archers, and died mysteriously in battle [Stat.Theb.7.255, 9.875].
	homepage.mac.com /cparada/GML/001ShortEntries/SEDraco.html (4044 words)

	Dryas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		When Lycurgus heard that Dionysus was in his kingdom, imprisoned all the followers of Dionysus, the Maenads.
		Dionysus made King Lycurgus insane, and he sliced his own son, Dryas, into pieces with an axe, thinking he was a patch of ivy[?], a plant holy to Dionysus.
		An oracle then claimed that the land would stay dry and barren as long as Lycurgus was alive.
	www.websign.sk /dr/Dryas.html (152 words)

	UMB - Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management - Dryas
		Species diversity, Dryas cover and natural disturbance are recorded at the start of the experiment, and will be recorded again after four years.
		Seeds are also sawn in laboratory to examine for germination frequency and for identification of the seedlings.
		To assess the effect of Dryas cover on species richness and species composition, and if these relationships changes along environmental gradients, species richness (vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens) will be recorded inside and outside Dryas mats at two locations of Finse, and at two locations on Svalbard.
	www.nlh.no /ina/forskning/dryas/dryas2_e.htm (354 words)

	[No title]
		Carex ensifolia, Dryas octopetala, D. Polar deserts
		Carex ensifolia, Dryas octopetala, D. Arctic tundra
		Dryas punctata, D. oxyodonta, D. Arctic tundra
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/cdroms/ged_iib/datasets/b01/fvvveg.txt (1187 words)

	A glaciological model of the Younger Dryas event in Scandinavia (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A finite-element method solution of the continuity equation is used to investigate complex features of the Younger Dryas period.
		By comparing results of the model with field evidence, we conclude that the climatic event responsible for the Younger Dryas stillstand was probably short (less than 500 years).
		1 Glaciodynamics of the Younger Dryas marginal zone in Scandin..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /65947.html (410 words)

	PALEOINDIAN TRADITIONS AND ADAPTATIONS BEFORE AND DURING THE YOUNGER DRYAS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		After the loss of the majority of the megafauna and at approximately the beginning of the Younger Dryas, the Folsom culture appears over much of the region.
		These features are proposed to be the result of an economic focus on bison, the sole large mammal to survive extinction and to undergo a rapid increase in numbers during the Younger Dryas.
		Whatever their causes, megafaunal extinction and the succeeding Younger Dryas climatic interval seem to have prompted significant reorganization of western Paleoindian subsistence and technological strategies.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/inqu/finalprogram/abstract_54341.htm (471 words)

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