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	Dryas octopetala - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dryas octopetala (common names include mountain avens, white dryas, and white dryad) is an arctic-alpine flowering plant in the family Rosaceae.
		The specific epithet octopetala derives from the Greek octo (eight) and petalon (petal), referring to the eight petals of the flower, an unusual number in the Rosaceae, where five is the normal number.
		Dryas octopetala has a widespread occurrence throughout mountainous areas where it is generally restricted to limestone outcrops.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dryas_octopetala (376 words)

	Younger Dryas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Younger Dryas saw a rapid return to glacial conditions in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between 12,900 – 11,500 years before present (BP)[2] in sharp contrast to the warming of the preceding interstadial deglaciation.
		The prevailing theory holds that the Younger Dryas was caused by a significant reduction or shutdown of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to a sudden influx of fresh water from Lake Agassiz and deglaciation in North America [5].
		While there exists relative consensus regarding the role of the Younger Dryas in the changing subsistence patterns during the Natufian, its connection to the beginning of agriculture at the end of the period is still being debated [15].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Younger_Dryas (1164 words)

	Dryas on Svalbard... by H.R.Siegismund & M.Philipp
		The character separating two species is mainly the occurrence of glands on the adaxial surface of the leaf and on stipules (Porsild 1947, Yurtsev 1997).
		Three of the morphological characters were qualitative: 1) glands on the upper surface of leaves (considered being species diagnostic by Porsild (1947) and Yurtsev (1997)), 2) glands on the lower side of leaves, and 3) scales on the lower side of leaves.
		A comparison of the six quantitative characters among the four populations revealed that one of them (character 5) was weakly significant at the 5% level suggesting lack of differentiation among the populations on Svalbard with respect to these characters.
	www.toyen.uio.no /panarctflora/papers/GenusDryas/genus.htm (2260 words)

	KBD: Kew Bibliographic Databases: Search results
		Allozyme and morphological variation in two subspecies of Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae) in Alaska.
		Novyi lokalitet Dryas octopetala L. (Rosaceae) v Chornohori (Ukrayins'ki Karpaty).
		(Embryology of Parageum montanum (L.) Hara and Dryas octopetala L. (Rosaceae) from the Ukrainian Carpathians.) Ukr.
	www.kew.org /kbd/advancedsearch.do?keywords=Dryas (307 words)

	Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago - Dryas integrifolia Vahl.
		A cold interval in the Early Holocene is known as the Younger Dryas, after the genus Dryas that spread southward with the frigid conditions.
		Dryas octopetala is thought to have once had a complete circumpolar distribution reaching iNorth Americaerica from Alaska south to Colorado and east to north-eastern Greenland.
		The scales occur on the underside of the leaves on the leaf mid-nerve and to a lesser extent on the lateral nerves.
	www.mun.ca /biology/delta/arcticf/_ca/www/rodrin.htm (2398 words)

	Botany Photo of the Day: Dryas ×suendermannii
		Suendermann's avens is a hybrid between two species, the circumpolar Dryas octopetala and the northern North American Dryas drummondii.
		Dryas is rare, if not unique, within the rose family for having eight petals; most of the Rosaceae have five.
		The massive quantities of Dryas pollen found in ice cores have prompted the naming of two historic cold climate episodes, the Younger Dryas stadial and the Older Dryas stadial.
	www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org /potd/2006/05/dryas_suendermannii.php (461 words)

	Abrupt Climate Change Paleo Perspective Story- Mechanisms- Thermohaline & Vegetation
		Often called a conveyor belt because of its northward transport at the surface, and southward return flow in the abyss in the Atlantic, the ocean thermohaline circulation system is a slow, three-dimensional pattern of flow involving the surface and deep oceans around the world.
		The Younger Dryas occurred during the transition from the last glacial period into the present interglacial (the Holocene).
		The Younger Dryas in the GISP2 ice core (Cuffey and Clow (1997) and Alley (2000)) and reconstructed freshwater flux into the North Atlantic (Clark et al., 2001).
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/abrupt/story3.html (619 words)

	ARCSS Atlas: Plant Communities, Ss-Do
		Dryas is the main vascular genus typifying dry sites throughout the Arctic, and it becomes more common at higher latitudes, where moisture is more limited (Aleksandrova, 1980; Barrett, 1972; Rønning, 1965; Yurtsev, 1974).
		In the Toolik Lake and Imnavait Creek region Dryas octopetala occurs on both acidic and nonacidic substrates and Dryas integrifolia occurs on nonacidic soils.
		Dierßen (1992) placed Dryas octopetala types in the Caricion nardinae Nordhagen 1935 and Dryas integrifolia types in the Dryadion integrifoliae (Ohba, 1974) Daniëls 1982.
	www.geobotany.uaf.edu /toolikgeobot/regdesc/vegetation/Ss-Do.html (433 words)

	Allozyme and morphological variation in two subspecies of Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae)in Alaska -- Max et al. 86 (11): ...
		Dryas octopetala L. (Rosaceae) occurs in the mountains of Alaska
		Subspecies octopetala is adapted to xeric ridge or fellfield
		McGraw, J. 1985a Experimental ecology of Dryas octopetala ecotypes: relative response to competitors.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/86/11/1637 (4097 words)

	PLANTS Profile for Dryas octopetala (eightpetal mountain-avens) \| USDA PLANTS
		PLANTS Profile for Dryas octopetala (eightpetal mountain-avens)
		Dryas octopetala L. View 71 genera in Rosaceae, 3 species in Dryas or click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles.
		Dryas octopetala L. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the PLANTS Classification Report.
	plants.usda.gov /java/profile?symbol=DROC (171 words)

	dryasoctopetala
		Differentiation of pollen and phylogeny of the genus Dryas (Rosaceae).
		Fungal hyphal length in litter of Dryas octopetala in a high-Arctic polar semi-desert, Svalbard.
		Fungal endophytes of Dryas octopetala from a high arctic polar semidesert and from the Swiss Alps.
	www.newcrops.uq.edu.au /listing/dryasoctopetala.htm (1582 words)

	Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago - Dryas punctata Juz.
		On this specimen 20 leaves were checked: 16 were without brown glandular hairs on the midrib, and 4 had brown glandular hairs.
		Siegismund and Phillip (1999) studied the genus Dryas on Svalbard noting that the population thereastern Canada be subdivided into individuals with (Dryas punctata) or without (Dryas octopetala) large sessile glands on the upper surface of the leaves.
		To analyse whether the gland characters are correlated to other differences between these two groups of individuals, a number of morphological and isozyme characters were investigated in four populations.
	www.mun.ca /biology/delta/arcticf/_ca/www/rodrpu.htm (476 words)

	Two examples of abrupt climate change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Many abrupt changes can be readily identified since the peak of the last ice age, but let us consider two examples with very different causes and consequences.
		An event that occurred about 12,800 years before present (BP), termed the Younger Dryas (YD), is the canonical example of abrupt climate change.
		The most spectacular aspect of the YD is that it ended extremely abruptly (around 11,600 years ago), and although the date cannot be known exactly, it is estimated from the annually-banded Greenland ice-core that the annual-mean temperature increased by as much as 10°C in 10 years.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /res/pi/arch/examples.shtml (1962 words)

	National Phenological Network - Dryas integrifolia/octopetala Observations
		Arctic mountain avens (Dryas integrifolia) leaves are 1-2 cm long, narrow with smooth edges and a somewhat shiny upper surface.
		Alpine mountain avens (Dryas octopetala) leaves are longer (up to 3.5 cm) and wider, with scalloped or wavy edges.
		The small, leathery, evergreen leaves are wrinkled on the upper surface and hairy underneath.
	www.uwm.edu /Dept/Geography/npn/dryas/index.html (229 words)

	dryas and pollen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The tough little Dryas Octopetala ("Mountain Avens") flowers in desolate tundra environments.
		Its durable pollen (a grain greatly enlarged, below) has long been used as a reliable indicator of arctic climate conditions many thousands of years ago.
		Dryas photo: S. Weart, Devon Island, Nunavuk, Canada, 2005.
	www.aip.org /history/climate/xdryas.htm (69 words)

	PlantenTuin Esveld List of available slides of plants of the genus Dryas
		PlantenTuin Esveld List of available slides of plants of the genus Dryas
		List of available slides from the genus Dryas.
		The slides listed below are available from us as scans in JPG format.
	www.esveld.nl /dialijsten/dialistgDryas.html (184 words)

	Dryas octopetala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Leaves of Dryas octopetala are more horizontal at high latitudes, such as in the arctic, than at lower latitudes.
		Photosythesis of a group of leaves can be calculated taking into account:
		Mean leaf inclination vs. latitude for late summer sun pattern.
	fig.cox.miami.edu /Faculty/Tom/dryas/index.htm (61 words)

	Dryas octopetala :: Flora of Northern Ireland web site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Dryas octopetala :: Flora of Northern Ireland web site
		Now confined in Northern Ireland to a very small number of high altitude sites on rocky outcrops although its best known area of occurrence in Ireland as a whole is probably the Burren of Co Clare.
		All names: Dryas octopetala L. © National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland and Environment and Heritage Service, 2000-2004
	www.habitas.org.uk /flora/species.asp?item=3365 (110 words)

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