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Topic: Dryland farming

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	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Agriculture Tribune
		Even so, farm experts are clear in their perception that dryland farming has great potential for increasing the annual food output of India.
		Because crops in dryland were mainly grown for their food value than for hard cash, dryland farming continues to languish in obscurity.
		One major constraint in improving the technological base of dryland farming is the poorly developed or non-existent infrastructure to transfer evolving technologies to dryland farming areas.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20020401/agro.htm (2784 words)

	Dryland farming -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dryland farming is an (Click link for more info and facts about agricultural) agricultural technique for cultivating land which receives little (Water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere) rainfall.
		Successful dryland farming is possible with as little as 15 inches of precipitation a year, but much more successful with 20 inches or more.
		A soil which absorbs and holds moisture is helpful as is the practice of leaving stubble standing in the field to catch blowing snow..
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/dr/dryland_farming.htm (134 words)

	K-State Looking at Irrigation and Dryland Farming Studies 6/25/02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dryland farming is the practice of capturing and efficiently using rainfall, often by using periods of fallow — when the field is plowed but not sown with seed — to absorb and store precipitation.
		It also increases the amount of water available at deeper soil depths, which means that water is available for the dryland crop and reduces the need for fallow.
		Sunflowers often perform best in dryland conditions because that crop is most efficient in tapping water at deeper soil depths.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /news/sty/2002/irrigation_dryland062502.htm (800 words)

	Amazon.com: Sustainable Dryland Farming : Combining Farmer Innovation and Medic Pasture in a Mediterranean Climate: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sheep and wheat are the staples of dryland farms in the Mediterranean zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
		The commonly used dryland farming system introduced in the 1950s, however, is proving unsustainable.
		Dryland farmers in North Africa and the Near East have, in the past fifty years, been the focus of many schemes to try to improve the productivity of their farms.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521331412?v=glance (673 words)

	Daily Excelsior... Editorial
		Of the total farming population, around 70 per cent are involved in dryland farming in the country.
		Dryland farming, where rain is the only source of water, account for 75 per cent of the cultivated area in India.
		Since scientific dryland farming aims at appropriate treatment of land for conservation of moisture, priority needs to be given to proper water and land management.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /00june06/edit.htm (5720 words)

	Untitled Document
		Farming is seldom associated with the Arabian Peninsula, but a long and successful tradition of agriculture developed in the southwestern corner known historically as Yemen.
		While the basic dryland farming was left on the shoulders of women in many parts of the country,10 the process of terrace abandonment accelerated.
		Traditional dryland farming was basically a sustainable practice, with Yemeni farmers attuned to conserving their resources of land and water.
	www.aiys.org /webdate/terrace.html (6932 words)

	Portales News-Tribune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Certain crops do grow well dryland, such as grain sorghum and wheat, but agents agree those crops are not enough to keep farms going, as those types of crops generally fetch less at market.
		Pattison also said dryland farming is less expensive, but does not have the crop yields of irrigated farms.
		Dryland farming also takes more land to create a yield, but that expense is offset by the lack of costs to run irrigation, particularly $5,000 to $6,000 a month in electricity costs necessary to run the pumps.
	www.pntonline.com /engine.pl?station=portales&template=storyfull.html&id=80 (637 words)

	THE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Many dryland areas in Kenya are inhabited by migrant farmers from high potential areas of the country where land has become scarce as a result of extended HEIA.
		In the dryland areas closer to high mountains, (for instance in Laikipia District close to Mt. Kenya and the Aberdares), katabatic winds draining from the high mountains may cause frost (between November and February) which destroys crops.
		The setback here is that termites build nests in the farms where they damage live plants by chewing away on their roots and compacting the soil, thus stunting plant growth.
	www.meteo.go.ke /kms/weatherman/page4.html (1131 words)

	Precision Farming in Nebraska: A Status Report, NF96-305 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Precision farming is a term applied to a broad array of topics that relate to the precise management of small units of land in contrast to the more traditional management of an entire field in a uniform manner.
		The percentage of persons operating irrigated farms who used variable rate application technology was almost twice as large as the percentage of persons operating dryland farms.
		Persons with dryland farms increased their use of yield monitors to 4 percent of the farm operations and their use of variable rate applicators to 18 percent in 1996.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /farmmgt/nf305.htm (1227 words)

	Climate Friendly Farming: Dryland Component
		Dryland farming has led to historically large emissions of CO from stored soil carbon and high rates of soil erosion and water-borne sediment.
		However, the potential for dryland farms to sequester carbon by returning soil organic matter levels to near native condition has not been reached.
		Our overall research goal is to redesign dryland agroecosystems to achieve greater greenhouse gas mitigation, soil and water conservation, energy efficiency, and economic performance.
	cff.wsu.edu /Project/dryland.html (557 words)

	Dry farming -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		(or dryland farming), the cultivation of crops without irrigation in regions of limited moisture, typically receiving less than 20 in.
		Farms tend to be small, an average of no more than two to three acres (about one hectare).
		Farming thus tends to be intensive; that is, the farmer must get a small land area...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9311073?tocId=9311073 (775 words)

	Calgary & Southern Alberta - Dryland Farming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In southwestern Alberta, farm experts and farmers worked together to develop strip farming and "trash cover" farming, and to design new equipment such as the Noble Blade.
		Strip farming - the practice of alternating long, narrow strips of crop and summer fallow - first appeared in southern Alberta before 1920, when two Dutch American settlers, Leonard and Arie Koole, began experimenting with the technique to counter the effects of prevailing westerly winds.
		Noble began tackling the difficulties of dryland farming soon after he moved to Alberta in 1903.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/calgary/dryland.html (394 words)

	IK Monitor Articles (8-1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		One important aspect of dryland agriculture is the fact that production is seasonal, which means that grains must be stored for long periods by traders, procurement agencies and consumers.
		In dryland agriculture, an important aspect of post-harvest operations is the need to ensure that the produce is kept free from rot, pests, and rodents.
		The objective of this study was to identify the indigenous tools and practices that are being used by farm women for various post-harvest operations in the case of millets, pulses and oil seed crops.
	www.nuffic.nl /ciran/ikdm/8-1/parvathi.html (1574 words)

	Irrigation - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Irrigation (in agriculture) is the replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops.
		In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is sometimes referred to as dryland farming.
		Depending on the distance of the source and the seasonality of rainfall, the water may be channelled directly to the agricultural fields or stored in reservoirs or cisterns for later use.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Irrigation (1922 words)

	Latest News - Republic of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Two dryland farming methods that can increase crop yields are being tried in Botswana.
		Nilsson’s plans are to market his dryland farming method to the rest of Africa while continuing to run Sanitas as well.
		Nilsson says the two most important factors that increase yields in dryland farming are the soil volume and the plant number.
	www.gov.bw /cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20031201&i=Botswana_tries_two_dryland_farming_methods (1418 words)

	Farming in Arid and Semiarid Lands
		Farming in Arid and Semiarid Lands SEARCH STRATEGY s (arid()climate or arid()lands or arid()regions or arid()zones or deserts or arid()soils or semiarid()climate or semiarid()lands or semiarid()regions or semiarid()lands)/de,ti s farming/de,ti s s1 and s2 Farming in Arid and Semiarid Lands 1 NAL Call.
		Language: English Descriptors: South australia; Groundwater recharge; Agricultural land; Dry farming; Electrical conductivity; Electromagnetic radiation; Aerial surveys; Mapping; Spatial variation; Semiarid zones Abstract: Groundwater recharge is one of the most difficult components of the water balance to measure.
		No.: QK938.D4P7 Runoff farming: potentials for arid lands [Principles and criteria for estimation of natural-meliorative environment of arid zone for areas of irrigation farming (exemplified by Uzbekistan deserts)].
	www.nal.usda.gov /afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb94-54.htm (15664 words)

	The Cambridge World History of Food- Rice
		Therefore, rice cannot compete with dryland cereals in areas of low rainfall unless irrigation water is readily available from reservoirs, bunds, and the like.
		Soon, varietal differences in awn color and length, maturity, grain size and shape, stickiness of cooked rice, aroma of milled rice, and adaptiveness to dryland farming were recognized.
		Dryland (hill or upland) rice continues to diminish in area because of low and unstable yield.
	www.cambridge.org /us/books/kiple/rice.htm (12130 words)

	dryland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dryland agriculture in this region is highly dependent on precipitation, both snow and rainfall.
		The general objective of the project is to identify dryland crop and soil management systems that will maximize water use efficiency of the total annual precipitation and economic return while ensuring environmental sustainability.
		Intensive dryland cropping systems are adapted to this semi-arid environment, the key to success of these systems is improved water use efficiency.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/SoilCrop/dryland/dryland.htm (1958 words)

	Dryland Farming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Between 1880 and 1920, advances in dryland farming permitted the establishment of a stable agricultural community on the semi-arid Canadian Prairies.
		Before 1900, farming on the open prairie was a very hit and miss affair, with crops being destroyed by drought or early frost as much as 40% of the time in the dry-belt of southwestern Manitoba.
		It took the form of individual and institutional experimentation led by agricultural institutes, universities, experimental farms, and farmers themselves, who communicated their innovations through the many agricultural periodicals.
	timelinks.merlin.mb.ca /referenc/db0066.htm (286 words)

	ARIJ - Dryland Farming in Palestine - Section 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dry farmed vegetable crops tend to give moderate yield per dunum compared to other types of cultivation.
		But in general the fruits produced are characterized by better aroma and flavor, as they are seeded and are not parthenocarpic, like those from intensive plastic houses.
		Dryland farming is less chemically intensive than other intensive farming, thus making it more healthy for human consumption.
	www.arij.org /pub/dryland/sec6.htm (928 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Poor water transmission properties of sodic subsoils, low rainfall in dryland areas, transpiration by vegetation and high evaporation during summer have caused accumulation of salts in the root zone layers.
		‘Dryland salinity’ is currently given wide attention in the public debate and in government policies, but only focusing on salinity induced by shallow watertables.
		While 16% of the dryland cropping area is likely to be affected by watertable-induced salinity, 67% of the area has a potential for transient salinity not associated with groundwater and other subsoil constraints and costing the Australian farming economy in the vicinity of A$1330 million per year.
	www.publish.csiro.au /paper/EA01111.htm (343 words)

	NEW INITIATIVES
		The National Common Minimum Programme (Item 3) of the UPA Government states that a special programme for dryland farming in the arid and semi arid regions of the country will be introduced.
		The strategy is to promote dryland farming practices and supplementary occupations such as horticulture, agri-silviculture, agro-forestry, animal husbandry, dairying, etc. The details of proposed components to be implemented in the scheme are given at Annexure.
		Inadequate soil moisture especially in rainfed and dryland areas is the major constraint, among others, for crop centric agriculture.
	agricoop.nic.in /PolicyIncentives/new_initiatives.htm (590 words)

	Search.com Directory : Science : Agriculture : Practices and Systems : Dryland Farming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		China's Dryland Farming and Practices - Describes how dryland farming is being practised and developed, especially in the northern regions of the country (PDF file).
		Dryland Farming in Palestine - Online book describing the crops, practices and history of cultivation in the area, with statistics.
		Dryland Farming in Zimbabwe - Describing techniques which have been developed and implemented by rural farmers.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /dir/Top/Science/Agriculture/Practices_and_Systems/Dryland_Farming?catid=1102563 (332 words)

	Case Study Report
		This is marginal land made up of large dryland holdings of cereals and sheep, it is dry and prone to wind erosion, and only two miles from the Big Desert National Park.
		This enabled the farm to become chemical free and assisted in the regeneration of the land and biodiversity.
		Some South Australian farms are using chemical free methods for dryland farming but are not planting fodder shrubs.
	www.fao.org /organicag/doc/australia.htm (1303 words)

	Community History Unit
		In the quest to produce viable crops, dryland farmers have been aided through scientific developments in crop-breeding and pest control, such as the introduction of myxomatosis, the introduction of super phosphate fertiliser, and inventions such as the Ridley Stripper and the stump jump plough.
		The rapid development of new farming technology, such as tractors with pneumatic tyres, was matched by the decline in use of horses for transport and farm labour and the loss of related industries such as flsmithing and coach building.
		The legacy of this is evident in new irrigation systems and in the many dams, water tanks, windmills and ruins which still dot the landscape today.
	www.history.sa.gov.au /chu/programs/sa_history/sa_dry/dryland_farming.htm (137 words)

	GRDC - Ground Cover Issue 44 - Organic farming: Getting the weeds out and the phosphorus in
		One of several projects addressing those issues is a GRDC-supported trial in north-east Victoria where a research team, headed by Viv Burnett, is exploring the weed-control effect of growing a forage crop between a pasture and cropping phase and the impact of sowing rates and choice of wheat variety.
		The next step is to look at P rates needed to make a dryland organic cropping system sustainable and the optimal proportion of sulphur.
		Farmers considering converting from conventional to organic farming should consider weed control options, she said, and make sure they will be able to replace the nutrients leaving the farm in produce.
	www.grdc.com.au /growers/gc/gc44/organic_farming.htm (1176 words)

	dry farming -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		also called Dryland Farming, the cultivation of crops without irrigation in regions of limited moisture, typically less than 20 inches (50 centimetres) of precipitation annually.
		Dry farming depends upon efficient storage of the limited moisture in the soil and the selection of crops and growing methods that make the best use of this moisture.
		More results on "dry farming" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9031273?tocId=9031273 (776 words)

	Lucerne in dryland farming systems: 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In dryland farming systems, lucerne aphids posed few problems between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s, probably because of the population of aphid parasites and predators that had developed in the system, and drought in the early-mid 1990s.
		In dryland farming systems, chemical treatment is less economic than in intensive, irrigated systems.
		In dryland farming systems, it is a lesser problem than in irrigated areas, but will appear in wet summer seasons.
	www.dpi.qld.gov.au /pastures/4295.html (3960 words)

	Curriculum Vitae of Gary Peterson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		L.R., Sherrod, L., Shafer, M.J., and Rojas, K.W. Decomposition of surface crop residues in long-term studies of dryland agroecosystems.
		From 1983 to 1994 served as advisor to students from the MIAC Dryland Project in Morocco.
		Recently these efforts have focused on developing dryland cropping systems that maximize water conservation and minimize soil erosion, and that are applicable to a wide range of climate-soil environments.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/SoilCrop/pete.htm (993 words)

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