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	Dualism
		Dualism is the concept that our mind is more than just our brain.
		If dualism is not true, the mind is limited to the physical brain.
		With dualism we would expect the spiritual mind to have similar attributes to that of its source.
	www.allaboutphilosophy.org /dualism.htm (761 words)

	Dualism - LoveToKnow 1911
		Dualism is also used in a special theological sense to describe a doctrine of the Nestorian heresy.
		This blind dualism found its natural consequence in the revolt of the Renaissance thinkers, Bruno and Paracelsus, who asserted the unity of mind and matter in all existence and were the precursors of the more intelligent monism of Leibnitz and the scientific metaphysics of his successors.
		It follows that philosophy is in a sense both dualist and monist; it is a cosmic dualism inasmuch as it admits the possible existence of matter as a hypothesis, though it denies the possibility of any true knowledge of it, and is hence in regard of the only possible knowledge an idealistic monism.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Dualism (1186 words)

	Dualism
		Dualism is any theory or system of thought that recognizes two and only two independent and mutually irreducible principles or substances, which are sometimes complementary and sometimes in conflict.
		The polarities of a dualism are distinguished from the thesis and antithesis of a Dialectic, in that the former are stable and mutually exclusive and the latter are dynamic, always tending toward synthesis.
		Dualism is a theory in interpretation which explains a given situation or domain in terms of two opposing factors or principles.
	mb-soft.com /believe/text/dualism.htm (647 words)

	Dualism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Vedantic philosophy (which denies the dualism of Samkhya and proposes that Prakriti and Purusha are one and the same), Dvaita believes the dualism in Atma (soul of human beings) and the Paramatma (the GOD).
		Mind-body dualism can exist as substance dualism which claims that the mind and the body are composed of a distinct substance, and as property dualism which claims that there may not be a distinction in substance, but that mental and physical properties are still categorically distinct, and not reducible to each other.
		Buddhist dualism, in Dharmakirti’s sense, is different in that it is a dualism between not the mind and brain which is made of particles, but rather, between states of consciousness (nonphysical) and basic building blocks (according to the Buddhist atomism of Dharmakirti, Buddhist atoms are also nonphysical: they are unstructured points of energy).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dualism (1371 words)

	Dualism (philosophy of mind) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Substance dualism is contrasted with all forms of materialism, but property dualism may be considered a form of emergent materialism and thus would only be contrasted with non-emergent materialism.
		Substance dualism is a type of dualism most famously defended by Descartes, which states that there are two fundamental kinds of substance: mental and material.
		Substance dualism is a philosophical position compatible with most theologies which claim that immortal souls occupy an independent "realm" of existence which is distinct from that of the physical world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dualism_(philosophy_of_mind) (5348 words)

	Dualism
		The distinction between the human soul and the body which it animates was made clearer and their separability emphasized; but the ultra-dualism of Plato was avoided by insisting on the intimate union of soul and body to constitute one substantial being under the conception of form and matter.
		It is true that dualism is ultimately rejected by the materialist who reduces conscious states to functions, or "aspects" of the brain; but objections from this standpoint will be more suitably dealt with under materialism and monism.
		This should be frankly admitted by the defender of natural dualism, and the chief psychological problem for him at the present day is to sift and discriminate what is immediate and direct from what is mediate or representative in the admittedly complex cognitional operations of normal adult life.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/d/dualism.html (2415 words)

	DUALISM - LoveToKnow Article on DUALISM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On the other hand is a hypothetical dualism, according to which it is held that mind cannot bridge over the chasm so far as to know matter in itself, though it is compelled by its own laws of cause and effect to postulate matter as the origin, if not the motive cause, of its sensations.
		This blind dualism found its natural consequence in the revolt of the Renaissance thinkers, Bruno and Paracelsus, who asserted the unity of mind and matter in all existence and were the precursors of the more intelligent monism of Leibnitz and the scientific metaphysics of his successors.
		It follows that philosophy is in a sense both dualist and monist; it is a cosmic dualism inasmuch as it admits the possible existence of matter as a hypothesis, though it denies the possibility of any true knowledge of it, and is hence in regard of the only possible knowledge an idealistic monism.
	73.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DU/DUALISM.htm (1193 words)

	Dualism
		Dualism contrasts with monism, which is the theory that there is only one fundamental kind, category of thing or principle; and, rather less commonly, with pluralism, which is the view that there are many kinds or categories.
		Predicate dualism is the theory that psychological or mentalistic predicates are (a) essential for a full description of the world and (b) are not reducible to physicalistic predicates.
		In the case of mind, property dualism is defended by those who argue that the qualitative nature of consciousness is not merely another way of categorizing states of the brain or of behaviour, but a genuinely emergent phenomenon.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/fall2004/entries/dualism (12831 words)

	Cultural Dualism
		Cultural dualism is both a term that describes some characteristics of Canadian society and, in many people's view, an ideology according to which the social and political systems of Canada should be organized.
		Although the notion of cultural dualism has been translated into legislation and into policies of schooling, religion, language and the institutional rights of provinces, its origins are difficult to determine.
		Many French Canadians believe that cultural dualism recognizes their specificity and their rights, while others believe that it has never been applied in practice and that Canada, originally a British colony, is now a US colony.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0002067 (742 words)

	20th WCP: Tractarian Dualism
		The dualism suggested by such language is a natural byproduct of its own frequent use, dangerous only to the philosopher who might be tempted to take its meaning literally.
		If there are suggestions of dualism in the Tractatus, then, they seem to evaporate from language under the heat of analysis, so that what remains in the world portrayed by Wittgenstein are only concatenations of objects.
		In Russell's case, however, the dualism was between mental acts like acquaintance and understanding and the different sorts of objects and facts with which such mental acts are concerned.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Meta/MetaTull.htm (3429 words)

	Religious Dualism
		Dualism is the doctrine that the world (or reality) consists of two basic, opposed, and irreducible principles that account for all that exists.
		In a radical or absolute dualism, the two principles are held to exist from eternity; for example, in the Iranian dualisms, Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism, both the bright and beneficent and the sinister and destructive principles are from eternity.
		In philosophy, dualism is often identified with the doctrine of transcendence--that there is a separate realm or being "above" and "beyond" the world, as opposed to monism, which holds that the ultimate principle is inside the world (immanent).
	cyberspacei.com /jesusi/inlight/religion/belief/dualism.htm (4960 words)

	Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Dualism contrasts with monism, which is the theory that there is only one fundamental kind, category of thing or principle; and, rather less commonly, with pluralism, which is the view that there are many kinds or categories.
		Predicate dualism is the theory that psychological or mentalistic predicates are (a) essential for a full description of the world and (b) are not reducible to physicalistic predicates.
		In the case of mind, property dualism is defended by those who argue that the qualitative nature of consciousness is not merely another way of categorizing states of the brain or of behaviour, but a genuinely emergent phenomenon.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/dualism (0 words)

	Dualism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dualism, as the dictionary defines it, is a "theory that in any domain of reality there are two independent underlying principles, e.g.
		In Ethical dualism, non-human beings such as intermediate divinities, angels, spirits, and demons either are thought not to exist at all (in the more radical views) or are completely subjective, without direct effect on the physical world.
		Ethical dualism also appears in the Gospel of John: "...Though the light has come into the world, men have shown they prefer darkness to the light because their deeds were evil.
	www.sullivan-county.com /z/dualism.htm (5449 words)

	Dualism - Psychology Wiki - a Wikia wiki
		Substance dualism is contrasted with all forms of materialism, but property dualism may be considered a form of emergent materialism and thus would only be contrasted with non-emergent materialism.
		Substance dualism is a type of dualism most famously defended by Descartes, which states that there are two fundamental kinds of substance: mental and material.
		Substance dualism is a philosophical position compatible with most theologies which claim that immortal souls occupy an independent "realm" of existence which is distinct from that of the physical world.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Dualism (5535 words)

	Dualism - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		In theology, dualism can refer to ditheism: the belief that there are two basic principles in the universe, usually personified as deities, that work in polar opposition to each other.
		In philosophy of mind, dualism is any of a narrow variety of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which are seen as totally different kinds of things.
		In philosophy of science, dualism often refers to the dichotomy between the "subject" (the observer) and the "object" (the observed).
	www.egnu.org /thelema/Dualism (594 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - DUALISM: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This dualism is the chief characteristic of the religion of Zoroaster, which assigns all that is good to Ahuramazda, (Ormuzd), and all that is evil to Angromainyush (Ahriman;
		Against this dualism, which may have some basic elements in Chaldean mythology, the seer of the Exile protests when accentuating the doctrine that the Lord "formed the light and created darkness," that He "is the Maker of peace and the Creator of evil" (Isa.
		Thus dualism became the chief doctrine, on the one hand, of the Manicheans, a sect founded on Zoroastrianism, and, on the other hand, of the anti-Judean Christian Gnostics, who opposed the Old Testament on the ground that it recorded the dispensation of an inferior god, the author of evil (Hilgenfeld, l.c.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=500&letter=D&search=dualism (456 words)

	Dualism, by Lisa Storrs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dualism contends you must have both of the two components in question, rather than one or the other.
		Dualism of the mind and body is an ancient concept which is deeply rooted in Greek thought.
		The author promotes the idea that dualism is not a dead theory because of its implications on such issues as life after death, human rationality, morality, and individuality.
	jmchar.people.wm.edu /Kin493/kinst03b.html (524 words)

	THE NOTION OF DUALISM
		Dualism, or the doctrine that existence is under the domain of two antithetical principles, has frequently been proposed as present in the Zoroastrian religion.
		Doctrines and rituals of cosmic dualism, which portrayed the Sasanians as divinely chosen rulers whose duty was to further the cause of good within their realm, proved useful in wielding power.
		Given that dualism was viewed by medieval Zoroastrians as all embracing, and evil and pollution feared as ever present in the world, customs would be prescribed by the magi to safeguard the routine acts of life -- from sex, childbirth, and menstruation, to eating bathing and grooming.
	www.ahura.homestead.com /files/IranZaminTwo/Jamshed_Choksey.htm (4211 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Dualism
		dualism in this sense is quite reconcilable with a monistic origin of all things.
		The distinction between the human soul and the body which it animates was made clearer and their separability emphasized; but the ultra-dualism of Plato was avoided by insisting on the intimate union of soul and body to constitute one
		dualism based on the distinction of phenomena and noumena.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05169a.htm (0 words)

	DUALISM
		The historical development of Iranian dualism under the influence of Babylonian astronomy and astrology and the astral religion of Mesopotamia, far from preserving Zoroastrian moral values and belief in the dignity and freedom of man, caused a radical subversion of those values.
		This dualism is based on the opposition of light and darkness, God and matter, conceived as principles preceding and transcending the drama of human existence in the mediating moment of their "intermingling" (Pahl.
		Kanga, "The Doctrine of Dualism in the Gathas," in Prof.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f6/v7f622.html (3493 words)

	Philosophy of Dualism
		Dualism is the measure of loss in the world.
		Dualism and energy are same and wisdom also comes in the package.
		Conclusion: Giving up dualism to gain wisdom is the process of bringing balance to all the events of dualism called energy that keep us alive in the universe.
	www.onepositive.com /dualism.htm (658 words)

	Dualism - Integral Wiki
		Dualism requires a miracle to “explain” how two utterly different and separate substances could ever interact.
		Dualism makes no sense if we cannot explain how the “ghost enters the machine” — it asks us to accept that supernatural soul or spirit “somehow” interacts with the natural world of matter.
		Dualism defends the position that half of reality is supernatural.
	integralwiki.net /index.php?title=Dualism (96 words)

	dualism from FOLDOC
		Even though dualism is a kind of pluralism and is opposed by monism, practically speaking dualists often put their emphasis on the "higher", more spiritual reality that their theoretical separations construct, so that they are often construed as adherents of idealism or transcendentalism, even though this is not strictly the case.
		If, conversely, dualism can be convincingly maintained, it is by no means obvious that empirical evidence will suffice for a thorough understanding of the mind -- in other words, understanding the brain may not be enough for understanding the mind.
		Often, the term "Cartesian dualism" is used to refer to the general class of substance dualist theories.
	www.swif.uniba.it /lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?dualism (1177 words)

	[No title]
		The dualism in 1QM is classified as purely cosmic in that Belial and Michael are in constant conflict.
		Eschatological dualism cannot be used to classify the text because "no clear details of the nature of the future existence of the sect members are given" after the final battle.
		Dualism is the perception that life is divided into opposites everywhere, and that one aspect of life is good while the other is bad, or right vs. wrong, etc.
	www.lycos.com /info/dualism.html (591 words)

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