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Topic: Dual Contracts New York Subway

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Interborough Rapid Transit Company

BMT Brighton Line

	Dual Contracts (New York Subway) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Dual Contracts of 1913 were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York.
		Contract 4 was signed between the City and the Municipal Railway Company, a subsidiary of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company or BRT, formed especially for the purpose of contracting with the City for construction of the lines.
		Contracts 1 and 2 were the original subway contracts between the City and the IRT for the famous first subway, which celebrates its centennial in 2004.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/dual_contracts__new_york_subway_ (311 words)

	Dual Contracts (New York City Subway) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Contract 3 was signed between the City and the IRT, operator of the original subway line in New York City.
		Contract 4 was signed between the City and the Municipal Railway Company, a subsidiary of the BRT (later BMT), formed especially for the purpose of contracting with the City for construction of the lines.
		Contracts 1 and 2 were the original subway contracts between the City and the IRT for the famous first subway.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dual_Contracts_(New_York_City_Subway) (704 words)

	New York Subway biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At the outset of this era, New York County (Manhattan Island and part of the Bronx), Kings County (including the Cities of Brooklyn and Williamsburg) and Queens County were separate political entities.
		In 1898, New York, Kings and Richmond Counties, and parts of Queens and Westchester Counties and their constituent cities, towns, villages and hamlets were consolidated into the City of Greater New York.
		First of all, the subway system began at a time when Thomas Edison and his opponents in the electricity industry were trying to decide whether or to accept alternating current or, as Edison wanted, direct current as the standard way to deliver electricity.
	new-york-subway.biography.ms (3670 words)

	Staten Island Rapid Transit by Irvin Leigh & Paul Matus - Page 8
		The BRT was locked in a battle with the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) for the rights to operate new subway and elevated lines planned or being constructed by the City of New York for leasing to private operators.
		Attempting to trump the IRT’s plans to monopolize new rapid transit building in New York City, the BRT came up with a plan for a complete transit system, including a proposal for a tunnel under The Narrows from the Fourth Avenue (Brooklyn) subway tunnel to the vicinity of St. George.
		Though the idea of a connection between the BRT and the SIRT was studied and mapped as part of the Dual Contracts, it was specifically disavowed as being a funded part of the Contracts.
	www.thethirdrail.net /0201/sirt8.html (365 words)

	Subway Centennial - Wired New York Forum
		The subway was the world's first with regular express service, and the digging for it was speeded along greatly with the first extensive use of cut-and-cover tunnel construction — essentially digging a trench and putting a roof on it — instead of deep excavation.
		A rather different association between subways and crime was made that day by the chief of police who, during the festivities, told the chief contractor's wife: "This subway is going to absolutely preclude the possibility of riots in New York.
		If New York had followed the subwayless path, instead of 8 million residents in 2000, it might have had fewer than 4 million, and much of the city would be forlorn and lifeless.
	www.wirednewyork.com /forum/showthread.php?t=4676 (10149 words)

	New York City Subway Historical Maps
		The 1939 IND map shows the 8th Avenue and Houston Street subways (the 6th Avenue yet to be completed), Fulton Street to Rockaway Avenue, the 9th St.
		subway in Brooklyn to Church Avenue, Queens Blvd. to Roosevelt Avenue, and Crosstown between Queens Plaza and Nassau Ave.
		Subway to Ditmas; and service to the Rockaways (which started in 1956) is present with a "15c extra fare" notation.
	www.nycsubway.org /maps/historical (1482 words)

	The American Experience/Technology/New York Underground/Beyond the IRT
		The era of the Dual Contracts was born.
		The Dual Contracts doubled the size of the current system, pushing Manhattan's population northward and fostering residential growth in Brooklyn, the Bronx, and Queens.
		New York Mayor John Hylan, a staunch advocate of municipal subway ownership, made life difficult for the private traction interests.
	www.pbs.org /search/redir/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/technology/nyunderground/beyondirt.html (1427 words)

	Abandoned Stations : Bowling Green & South Ferry platforms
		The subway route down Broadway in the financial district to South Ferry and Brooklyn is part of New York's original subway project, the extension called Contract 2 that was added to the original subway route while it was still under construction.
		When the Seventh Ave subway was planned under the Dual Contracts system in 1913, the Public Service Commission decided to route the Seventh Ave local service into South Ferry, and to construct a platform on the inner loop to handle the shuttle and mainline trains from the original subway, which became the Lexington Ave subway.
		The subway loop at South Ferry and its relationship to Bowling Green is accurate, but the connections to the Brooklyn route and to the Seventh Ave subway are very unclear.
	www.columbia.edu /~brennan/abandoned/bowling.html (2300 words)

	ipedia.com: New York Subway Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is operated by the New York City Transit Authority, described by its parent Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York) as MTA New York City Transit.
		In this era, the original subway was built from City Hall to the Bronx (subway contract 1) and to Atlantic Avenue LIRR terminal in Brooklyn (contract 2).
		The three lines were unified and then operated by the City of New York through its Board of Transportation in 1940, which was succeeded in 1953 by the New York City Transit Authority, a state agency incorporated for the benefit of the city, now known to the public as MTA New York City Transit.
	www.ipedia.com /new_york_subway.html (3736 words)

	Bronx County Historical Society \| The Bronx in Print \|
		New York, NY: The Bertha and Karl Leubsdorf Art Gallery/Hunter College, City University of New York, (catalogue of exhibit held on April 13, 1988-May 27, 1988).
		New York, NY: The Board of Statutory Consolidation of the City of New York, 1939.
		New York, NY: Department of Church Planning and Research Council of Churches of the City of New York, February 1973.
	www.bronxhistoricalsociety.org /bronx_in_print/bronxinprint.html (14104 words)

	Amazon.com: The City Beneath Us: Building the New York Subway: Books: New York Transit Museum,Vivian Heller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There have been, and will be, other books on the New York City subway system, but none have had access to the wonderful photographic prints from the collections of the New York Transit Museum that are presented in this volume.
		New York Underground: The Anatomy Of A City by Julia Solis
		The book presents an illustrated history of the NY subway in the first 81 pages with the remainder of the 160+ pages devoted to historic photographs.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0393057976?v=glance (1181 words)

	Welcome to www.nycsubway.org
		Thu Jul 14 2005, Added new Subway Artwork Guide.
		Tue Jul 12 2005, Three new articles about the early days of the Interborough Subway: Clamor for Tickets for Subway Opening, Interesting Facts About Our Subway, and The Interborough Subway Power Plant (new article added to an existing page).
		Tue Jun 28 2005, Two new articles from March 1880 describing the first day of service on the Second Avenue Elevated, and one describing the first day of service on the Third Avenue Elevated.
	www.nycsubway.org (251 words)

	New York City Subway Cars - Greller - Xplorer Press
		New York City Subway Cars - Greller - Xplorer Press
		Over 350 color and fl and white photographs and drawings of each class of car.
		Interior layouts and color schemes are also illustrated.
	xplorerpress.com /catnyc.html (52 words)

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