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	Strategy for Dualists
		The dualist needs to change the agenda in the philosophy of mind; she needs to stop worrying about responding to every last twist in the physicalist saga and instead start concerning herself with showing the indispensability of the mind (as the dualist understands it) to so many of the important features of human life.
		So the dualist may insist that it is an analytic necessary truth that consciousness is a simple property, but she must acknowledge that the concept of consciousness is an empirical concept—that is, it is a concept of a certain observed phenomenon.
		Dualists do not just happen to find themselves with modal intuitions about consciousness which they uncritically embrace; rather, their modal intuitions are derived from the dualist intuition itself, which is supposed to be supported by observation.
	www.newdualism.org /papers/H.Langsam/strategy.htm (11114 words)

	Dualism (philosophy of mind) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In dualistic interactionism (also Cartesian dualism, as it was Descartes' position), arguably the most popular and widespread version, mind events can cause physical events and vice versa.
		One argument for dualism, especially dualistic interactionism, is that it is a very common sense view.
		Now, dualistic interactionists have tried to answer these objections, and other such objections, but most philosophers these days are not impressed by their answers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dualism_(philosophy_of_mind) (2622 words)

	Dualism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both the Zoroastrian religion, three millennia old and still extant, and the essentially dead gnostic religion (and its variations such as, Manichaeism, Bogomils, Catharism, etc.) are dualistic, as is Mandaeanism.
		The Christian conflict between God (the source of all good) and Satan (the source of all evil) is sometimes described in dualistic terms.
		In this sense, it is dualistic when one perceives a tree as a thing separate from everything surrounding it, or when one perceives a "self" that is distinct from the rest of the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dualism (716 words)

	[No title]
		The approach of strict dualist distinctions fails to provide for a constitution that is in accord with citizens’ continuous democratic practices of self-determination both in political institutions and civil society of a modern liberal democracy.
		The dualist constitution can be seen as “a conversation between generations”; it is a dialogue during which future generations have the chance both to learn from and to revise the achievements of their predecessors.
		Dualist constitution can be understood as an extraordinary intergenerational project that does not take the form of a total revolution, “obliterat[ing] every trace of the old regime” (Ackerman 1991, 12).
	www.newschool.edu /gf/polsci/landynskiconf/1.vargova.doc (7004 words)

	The Interpretation of Physicalism and Reductive Explanation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A prima facie difficulty for the dualist’s use of this account of reductive explanations is that it seems to make the truth-value of the third premise in the argument for dualism very difficult to evaluate.
		As noted earlier, one way some have attempted to rebut the dualist’s conclusion is by challenging the claim that a reductive explanation of the phenomenal in terms of the physical requires an a priori entailment, i.e.
		So, even if the dualist’s second premise is true, even if reductive explanation does require an a priori entailment of the phenomenal from the physical, it is not the case that that entailment requires an analysis of our phenomenal concepts.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/phil/faculty/dowell/IntofPhyRE.htm (8350 words)

	Dualist
		A dualist is (no pun intended) free to assert either that mechanisms of this sort are involved or not (see the section on counterarguments to dualism below, however).
		Thus, the dualist must postulate some sort of special connection or "psychosomatic unity" between mind and brain, but it is impossible to elucidate precisely why this is so or how it might work.
		If the dualist has a hard time explaining why my mind is linked to just one body in just one limited way, the epiphenomenalist has an equally challenging puzzle on her/his side of the divide.
	www.uwmc.uwc.edu /psychology/dualist.htm (3590 words)

	Dualism and Mind [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Dualists in the philosophy of mind emphasize the radical difference between mind and matter.
		Dualists commonly argue for the distinction of mind and matter by employing Leibniz's Law of Identity, according to which two things are identical if, and only if, they simultaneously share exactly the same qualities.
		According to the dualist, mind (or soul) is comprised of a non-physical substance, while body is constituted of the physical substance known as matter.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/d/dualism.htm (9450 words)

	Psychology of Mysticism and its relationship to the Baha'i Faith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thus, within the dualist camp of Western religion, it is possible to find individuals such as Master Eckhart and groups such as some Sufis whe subscribe to a monist view of the universe (and of course these are also the people who are most engaged in mysticism).
		Just because the dualist mode is the usual one, in everyday life, this does not mean that the monist mode is of less importance.
		Moreover, although superficially it may appear that man's greatest advances have come from the world of science where dualist modes of logical thought predominate, in fact, the greatest advances in science come from a combination of rational thought from the dualist sphere and intuitive insight emerging from the subconscious monist "self".
	www.bahai-library.com /?file=momen_psychology_mysticism.html (4843 words)

	Criticism of the primacy of the basic structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		According to Murphy, the dualist is committed to saying that justice requires the individual to work to reform the social institution: this person should argue with very little effect for reformed institutions rather than do concrete good on his own.
		A dualist believes there is more than one kind of principle of justice: dualists believe that social justice is a special topic, distinct from other kinds of justice.
		The only way this dualist would be committed to the implausible answer is if she gave a lot of weight to principles of social justice: they would have to be so important that it would be better to engage in nearly futile efforts at social reform than to free actual slaves.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/mgreen/MoralRespSp00/Notes/eBasicStructureCritics.html (1394 words)

	Dualism
		In theology, for example a ‘dualist’ is someone who believes that Good and Evil — or God and the Devil — are independent and more or less equal forces in the world.
		They emphasize that he was not a ‘Cartesian’ dualist, because the intellect is an aspect of the soul and the soul is the form of the body, not a separate substance.
		In Ryle's deliberately abusive phrase, the mind, as the dualist conceives of it, is a ‘ghost in a machine’.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/dualism (12828 words)

	Main Characteristics Of Dualist Philosophy - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		dualist, stating that everything in the world is either mind or body.
		understood the worthlessness of the dualist outlook on the...
		dualist - rests on empirical observations from which concepts and theories are derived (Randrup 1997, 1999, 2002).
	philosophy.fmqg.com /index.php?k=main-characteristics-of-dualist-philosophy (1013 words)

	ABSTRACT
		Although the property dualist cannot be accused of belief in ghosts, ectoplasm etc., his or her special emergent properties raise most of the same problems that Cartesian egos do.
		I say that these views are dualist in spirit because their proponents will not grant the identification of mental states and events with brain states and events unless further special things about weird quantum phenomena, are said about the brain.
		It is not as though the naturalist dualist has tacitly and unawares been committed to panpsychism; assuming the “shyness” horn of the dilemma has been rejected, the view the naturalist dualist has been defending by direct argument is a form of panpsychism.
	www.unc.edu /~ujanel/RecDuMat.htm (7018 words)

	Dualism and Dualist Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Dualists believe that only humans have souls, animals are simple automata incapable of any subjective mental experience.
		As dualism in one form or another continues to be the predominant teaching of the church, it is apparent why there is so much antipathy from fundamentalists towards the theory of evolution.
		This problem is not shared by Buddhism, which regards the mind as being primordial and capable of forming a temporary association with any sentient organism, as discussed in symbiotic mind.
	website.lineone.net /~kwelos/materialism.htm (1689 words)

	Rush, Newspeak and Fascism: An exegesis: XI: Dualist Receivers
		This pattern enhances the anxiety over the themes of success, competence and power on the part of children, who are more likely to develop a fragmented or polarized self composed of a grandiose, all-powerful or omnipotent self which is split off from a devalued, pathetic, failed self.
		Social movements with distinctly dualistic worldviews provide psycho-ideological contexts which facilitate attempts to heal the split self by projecting negativity and devalued self-elements onto ideologically devalued contrast symbols.
		We do not necessarily view the members of exemplary dualist groups as mentally ill or deeply disturbed relative to average levels of developmental maturity in the general population.
	www.cursor.org /stories/fascismxi.php (1872 words)

	Calling all physicists - need help! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mind/body dualists tell us that there is no need for cryonics because the mind is a non-material substance which lives apart from the material brain and body, and can survive the death of the brain.
		The fact that the non-material mind causes changes in a material body, say the dualists, is a "brute fact" just as action in photon A at a distance causes action in photon B is just a brute fact.
		The mind body dualist would say this photon experiment shows that there are inappropriate questions that should be rejected.
	www.cryonet.org /cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=17534 (456 words)

	American Journal of Economics and Sociology, The: Dualism in the German labor market? A nonparametric analysis with ...
		Dualist labor market theory originally evolved from an effort to identify inner-city workers' obstacles to steady employment.
		In the early 1980s, proponents of dualist theory suggested that job-dualism was characteristic not only of the U.S. labor market, but of industrialized societies in general.
		Applied to individual employees, dualist labor market theory postulates that workers will either be employed in very stable and high-paying jobs or in very unstable and low-paying jobs.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0254/is_n3_v57/ai_21057496 (1232 words)

	Dualism about justice, again (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A dualist holds that there is more than one kind of principle of justice: social justice, on this view, is a special topic, distinct from other kinds of justice.
		Answer: The dualist is proposing that this is the true account of fairness/justice; the dualist has insisted all along that there is more than one set of principles of justice.
		Once the dualists have a proposal on the table, that proposal has to be confronted directly.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/mgreen/MoralRespSp00/Notes/iDualismAgain.html (955 words)

	Micah Newman : Incorrigible Dualist Instincts
		Following are three cases which will serve as examples of the dualist instinct, in and of itself, and the out-and-out absurd assumptions it leads to.
		The idea of reincarnation, although seemingly endemic to Eastern religions (not only is it pretty much the only thing that every school and sect of Hinduism agree on, but that both Hinduism and Buddhism agree on), has been introduced to Western culture in the last century or so and has found widespread appeal there, too.
		What we are staring at face to face is, once again, the "bare locus" view: that what I am most fundamentally is some uncharacterized consciousness that could conceivably leap from body to body, or be transferred to a brand new body of a member of any animal species whatever.
	www.upsaid.com /micahnewman/dualistinstincts.html (1763 words)

	Does Davidson Beg the Question Against the Dualist? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the third part of "Mental Events" Davidson argues that from (1) the mental and physical causally interact; and (2) instances of causal interaction fall under strict deterministic laws; and (N) there are no psychophysical laws, it follows that (P) all mental events are physical events.
		Suppose I were a dualist and accepted (1), (2), and (N).
		The dualist would hold either that there is genuine causal interaction, in which case neither psychological nor physical theory is closed, or there is only the appearance of causal interaction, because both psychological theory and physical theory are closed.
	philosophy.wisc.edu /951discuss/_disc2/00000044.htm (234 words)

	Edge: NATURAL-BORN DUALISTS
		Children are raised in environments where they hear dualistic stories, they see movies where souls are depicted as independent from bodies, and they usually get some sort of religious training.
		And this dualism is inherent in the language that they learn; when we talk about the relationship between a person and his or her brain, we use the language of possession, not of identity.
		Normal dualists appreciate that people are both body and soul (or more precisely, a soul inhabiting a body), while babies see people as entirely immaterial beings, and hence not subject to physical constraints such as solidity and gravity and continuity.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/bloom04/bloom04_index.html (4381 words)

	An Essay On Philosophy by blupete.
		This "cosmic philosophy,"9 this philosophy of Plato's which expresses the idea that there is the real and the unreal, the universe and the un-universe, is dualistic.
		Seemingly taking his cue from Spinoza, Darwin, in his monistic vision, showed that reality is a unitary and continuous process with no dualistic split between soul and body, between matter and mind, between life and not-life.
		To Dualists, certain ideas are innate, held independent of experience, such as, for example, the existence of God.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Essays/BluePete/Phil.htm (7289 words)

	Parsimony and the Mind
		The physicalist's first claim is that a dualist language and a physicalist language explain the workings of the world equally as well.
		It was earlier assumed that a physicalist language and a dualist language could explain the working of the world equally as well, and that a physicalist vocabulary was preferred because it was more parsimonious.
		In denying the dualist's claim that there are two kinds of substances in the world or denying the property dualist's claim that there are two kinds of properties in the world, materialism inadvertently accepts the categories and the vocabulary of dualism.
	www.tk421.net /essays/simple.html (7835 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages (Medieval World S.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Cathars were dualist heretics who, in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, presented more coherent doctrinal opposition to the Catholic church than any contemporary movement.
		This new book traces the origins and spread of dualist ideas, assesses their attraction for contemporaries, and describes the reaction of the ecclesiastical and lay authorities in the form of preaching campaigns, intellectual refutation, crusade, and inquisitorial investigations.
		A fascinating account of the development of radical religious belief and the means used to suppress it, this book raises many important issues which transcend the specifics of time and place, including the nature of evil, the ethics of warfare, and the use made of history by later generations.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0582256615 (650 words)

	Humbul full record view for -- The dualist
		The journal is not simply the homepage of a philosophy student eager to publish her work.
		Instead, The Dualist is a high-quality refereed journal that solicits papers, thereby allowing undergraduates to publish their work in a respectable, scholarly environment.
		With its commitment to the best writing, The Dualist will be of interest to undergraduates studying philosophy, literature or politics.
	www.humbul.ac.uk /output/full2.php?id=2036 (167 words)

	DRUMMERWORLD DISCUSSION FORUM - Anyone have Dualist triplekick?
		That is, unless you're just playing double-kick as part of some kind of competition to see who has the fastest feet, but you people keep assuring me that it actually has a musical purpose...
		The dualist is an engineering marvel, and I am shocked that noone thought of this idea before.
		Plus, with the dualist, you can work in hihat, and even triple bass paterns, which can be more time well spent.
	www.drummerworld.com /forums/showthread.php?t=1063 (2351 words)

	The Incompleat Burkean
		Ackerman's claim is that the theory embodied in the 1787 Constitution is a theory of "dualist democracy," in which institutional structure presupposes a distinction between periods of "normal politics" on the one hand and "constitutional moments," or periods of higher lawmaking on the other.
		Displacing the received wisdom in favor of a self-consciously dualist account of the constitutional development of the United States would be, for those of us who agree with Ackerman's basic premise, a good thing.
		Essentially the same point has been put, in a more aphoristic style, as follows: "The bulk of mankind, on their part, are not excessively curious concerning any theories whilst they are really happy; and one sure symptom of an ill-conducted state is the propensity of the people to resort to them."{n41}
	emoglen.law.columbia.edu /publications/burkean.html (7890 words)

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