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	Duan Qirui (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui (段啟瑞), his courtesy name was Zhiquan (芝泉).
		Duan tried to play the intermediary between the rebels and Yuan just as Yuan did during the Xinhai Revolution.
		Duan, Zhang, and Feng were negotiating with Sun Yatsen on national reunification until the latter succumbed to cancer in 1925.
	www.seattleluxury.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/entry/Duan_Qirui (575 words)

	History of the Republic of China Summary
		Duan Qirui and other trusted Beiyang generals were given prominent positions in cabinet.
		Premier Duan Qirui was particularly interested in joining the Allies, because he would then use the opportunity to secure loans from Japan to build up his Anhui Clique army (also known as the Wan Clique (Traditional Chinese: 皖系; pinyin: wànxì)).
		Duan dissolved the parliament upon his return and declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary on August 13, 1917.
	www.bookrags.com /History_of_the_Republic_of_China (7691 words)

	Duan Qirui - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui (段啟瑞), his courtesy name was Zhiquan (芝泉).
		Their friendship never repaired even after he was given the premiership, because Yuan shrewdly stripped that office of its powers.
		Duan wanted a military solution while the president advocated negotiating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duan_Qirui (555 words)

	Beiyang Army - China-related Topics BE-BH - China-Related Topics
		This was opposed by almost all the generals and officers of the Beiyang Army, from Duan Qirui and Feng Guochang down.
		Duan Qirui's Anhui clique and the Zhili clique founded by Feng Guochang, but led after Feng's death by Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, were the principal Beiyang cliques.
		Duan Qirui resumed his position of Prime Minister; his Anhui (sometimes called Anfu) clique dominated the Beijing area.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Beiyang_Army (1817 words)

	1916, March 22. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		In response to the unpopularity of his plan to revive the monarchy, Yuan canceled his imperial plans and organized a republican cabinet under Duan Qirui (1865–1936), senior general in the Beiyang militarist clique.
		The dismissal of Duan led to an uprising of northern military governors.
		It was quickly overthrown again (July 12) by Duan Qirui who thereupon resumed the premiership.
	www.bartleby.com /67/2462.html (315 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database
		In 1913 Yuan Shikai appointed four of his loyal lieutenants as military governors in southern provinces: Duan Qirui in Anhui, Feng Guozhang in Jiangsu, Li Shun in Jiangxi and Tang Xiangming in Hunan.
		This was opposed by almost all the generals and officers of the Beiyang Army, from Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang down.
		Duan Qirui's Anhui clique and the Zhili clique founded by Feng Guozhang, but led after Feng's death by Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, were the principal Beiyang cliques.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/his.html (9779 words)

	Index Dr-Dz
		Duan recovered Beijing on July 12; considered a hero, he became premier again, and the president became his puppet.
		Duan kept receiving support from Japan, which offered him endless loans to improve his army, but despite that, he suffered a great defeat in the civil war against the Zhili Military Group led by Cao Kun and Wu Peifu in 1920.
		After Duan Qirui, his fellow townsman, gained domination over the Beijing government in 1917, he was appointed army minister and commander of the guard of the capital city.
	rulers.org /indexd4.html (11217 words)

	Liang Qichao
		In the struggle against the second restoration, he helped General Duan Qirui in drawing up military strategies for the expediton against Zhang Xun and defeating the restoration farce in 12 days.
		After Yuans's death, he disbanded the council and published an open telegram for Duan Qirui to organize a new cabinet.
		After the defeat of Zhang, he was appointed Minister of Finance until the collapse of Duan's government.
	www.angelfire.com /co/leong/history12.html (707 words)

	THE TRAGEDY OF CHINESE REVOLUTION -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Duan Qirui held a military parade on Tian'an'men Square, and numerous activists gave their speech on the square.
		In August of 1920, Duan Qirui's Wan-xi [Anhui Prov faction] Cabinet was overthrown by Wu Peifu's Zhi-xi [Hebei Prov faction] Cabinet.
		Duan Qirui arrived in Tainjin's extraterritory for coordinating the Zhi-xi vs Feng-xi War.) Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin dispatched Li Menggen to the south, and Sun dispatched Wu Chaoshu for a coutesy return visit to Zhang Zuolin in early March of 1922.
	www.republicanchina.org /tragedy.html (11858 words)

	[No title]
		Duan wanted to use entry into the war as an opportunity to increase his military forces which would then be available for domestic use.
		Both Yuan and Duan were men of their era, a time of transition lacking a clear, well-defined political structure and values, and a well-charted direction.
		As with Yuan's use of Goodnow, and Duan's and Li's turn to the military, Wu's request for foreign intervention indicates the naivete and inexperience of Chinese politicians at the time.Germany was also deeply implicated in Chinese politics.
	sociologyesoscience.com /wokeup.html (6963 words)

	Origin of the surname Duan
		On the other hand, Shu Duan was a good-looking man, and Jiang liked him better than his brother.
		Jiang tried to convince her husband to pass his dukedom to his younger son, but was unsuccessful.
		His son Ming Zhong was a famous general in Wei kingdom during Chun Qiu, and was awarded the land of Duan Gan.
	www.yutopian.com /names/09/9duan87.html (371 words)

	THE TRAGEDY OF CHINESE REVOLUTION -- Revolution - Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Duan Qirui continued the unequal treaties in exchange for the imperialists' acknowledgement of the Peking government.) Sun Yat-sen, in order to win support from USSR, had contacted Lenin two times in 1918 and expressed much softer stance on Mongolia independence and China Eastern Railroad in 1922 correspondence with Joffe.
		Duan Qirui had at one time studied in military school in Germany.) Yuan Shi-kai's training of the new army will be expanded to 12000 men, with eight infantry 'ying' (i.e., camps or battalions) totalling 8000 men, two cannon battalions, two battalions of cavalry totalling 1000 men, and 1000 men engineering battalion.
		It was Yuan Shi-kai who authorized Duan Qirui to demand an imperial abdication of the six year old emperor in the name of 42 Manchu generals.
	www.republicanchina.org /revolution.html (12323 words)

	List of Premiers of China - China-related Topics LI-LL - China-Related Topics
		Duan Qirui (23 Apr - 29 Jun 1916)
		But Chang is defeated by Duan Qirui on July 12 and the Republic of China restored.
		The head of the cabinet during this period was Duan Qirui, the Provisional Chief Executive of ROC.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/List_of_Premiers_of_China (1189 words)

	Mind Sports Zine - Go - Feature: Guo Tisheng
		One of these warlords, Duan Qirui, was a passionate go player.
		Unlike Gu and the others, they had little experience of pandering to Duan and could not quite get used to the fact that the association was more about Duan's ego than igo.
		Duan "borrowed" money from the younger players to entertain the Japanese, and the young Chinese naturally expected that in return they would get to play the guests.
	www.msoworld.com /mindzine/news/orient/go/history/guotisheng.html (1965 words)

	Junyi Senior High School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Duan Junyi was born of a education background family: Her paternal great-grandfather Duan Qirui once was appointed as State Council Premier in the beginning of 20th century (in 1913), he held such a position until "Republic of China temporarily in power" (in 1924).
		As early as in 1908, paternal great-grandfather Duan Qirui personally organized the renowned Baoding Military Officers Military Preparation School, has trained the large quantities of talented people for then country.
		Duan Junyi has resolved to devote herself to the education career since childhood.
	junyi.org /english/gaozhong/xindex.htm (702 words)

	Untitled Document
		In 1917, conflict between president Li Yuanhong and prime minister Duan Qirui over whether China should participate in World War I led to the mediation of a warlord Zhang Xun who tried to restore imperial rule in China but was ousted in no time.
		Prime Minister Duan was a warlord over Anhui Province and was the one who ousted the warlord that tried to restore imperial rule.
		Duan attempted to monopolize the government without due parliamentary procedure, however.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/g385_2001/Mitterpp26-40.htm (1409 words)

	Amazon.com: "Duan Qirui": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Then followed Duan's attempt to secure his own power by means of yet another constitution,...
		Zarrow Anfu Club A political faction that dominated the Chinese parliament in the late 1910s, the Anfu Club supported Duan Qirui's government and was generally regarded as the civilian branch of Duan's Anhui Clique.
		But the man he chose for prime minister, General Duan Qirui, who represented the northern clique of militarists (Beiyang), wanted to follow Yuan Shikai's example and use the army to seize...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Duan-Qirui (611 words)

	Under-mine touring development of Duanjia Mansion and Zhengfeng Mine
		There are three reasons for the construction of the project: 1) an ideal combination of natural and human resources; 2) nearing to the surrounding scenic spots; 3) the unique features of Duanjia Mansion, a typical architecture integrating Chinese and western styles.
		Historical background: Duan Qirui, Warlord of Anhui Province, invested in 1912 in Zhengfeng Mine Stock Company and appointed its younger brother, Duan Qixun, as the general manager.
		In 1913 the Duan family invested considerable amount of money to build general manager building, service and entertainment building, lady building, childe building and small side building.
	www.sjzdaily.com.cn /english/2006-04/06/content_582155.htm (581 words)

	A Chronology of World Political History (1901 - 1920 C.E.)
		Thereafter the Beiyang warlords split into three cliques: the Zhili Clique (headed by Feng Guozhang), the Anhui Clique (headed by Duan Qirui) and the Fengtian Clique (headed by Zhang Zuolin), which contended for the control of the Central Government.
		On..29 of the same month Duan Qirui induced several provinces to rebel against Li Yuanhong.
		On..12 of the same month Duan Qirui defeated Zhang Xun and overthrew the Qing Empire again.
	www.geocities.com /kfzhouy/Chron/Chron14e.html (6229 words)

	Yuan Shikai
		The official reason advanced was that he was returning to his home in the village of Huanshang (???), located in the suburbs of Zhangde prefecture (???), now called the prefecture-level city of Anyang (???), Henan province, in order to treat a foot disease.
		During his three years of retreat, Yuan kept contact with his close allies, including Duan Qirui, who reported to him regularly about army proceedings.
		He dissolved both the national and provincial assemblies, replacing the House of Representatives and Senate with the newly formed "Council of State", with Duan Qirui, his trusted Beiyang lieutenant, as Prime Minister.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Yuan_Shikai.html (8642 words)

	MindZine - Go Features: Cameos 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although they must have been strong, all the players summoned from all round the country lost to Duan (skilfully!) and he was very happy.
		Gu told me the reason the players came from all over China was not to play Duan but to be able to smoke opium.
		The reason I remember the opium is that when I was introduced to Duan's son I shook hands with him, and his hand was ice cold.
	www.msoworld.com /mindzine/news/orient/go/special/cameos/cameo6.html (3186 words)

	1996 AAS Abstracts: China Session 166 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		I will seek to examine in-depth what kind of relationship it was for both sides.
		I argue that this wish of the Guangdong warlord Lu Rongting to cooperate with Beijing continued well into the hufa (protect-the-constitution) movement initiated by Sun Yatsen, who established a rival government in Guangzhou in late 1917 in response to Duan Qirui's attempt to revise the constitution.
		This was why even though Lu could easily have used the hufa as a pretext to detach Guangdong from Beijing and assert complete independence, he did not do so.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1996abst/china/c166.htm (1268 words)

	Biography of Wu Peifu
		Major figure in the warlord struggles of China (1916–27), born in Shandong province, E China.
		He joined the new army created by Yuan Shikai, and after Yuan's death (1916), when Duan Qirui sought to reunite China by force, Wu and other N generals refused Duan's orders.
		In the civil war which followed, he was unable to sustain his government of national unity (1923), and was defeated in battle near Tientsin.
	www.allbiographies.com /biography-WuPeifu-34964.html (104 words)

	Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Da Zhonghua Clan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When Premier Duan Qirui appointed Chen Huan to be the military governor of Hunan after Tang Xiangming fled, why did Hunan people rebel?
		He ordered Feng Guozhang to fight the revolutionaries, yet at the same time, ordered Duan Qirui to negotiate with them peacefully.
		Finally, when the peaceful negotiation was almost at its success, Sun Yixian came to Nanjing and pronounced himself as the provisional president of Republic of China.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t3675-1900.html (1682 words)

	Yan Xishan Summary
		In Japan he became a member of Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui) and following the 1911 Xinhai Revolution he seized power in Shanxi Province.
		Though a member of the Beiyang Army and affiliated with Duan Qirui, he avoided the violent national politics of the time by enforcing a neutrality policy on Shanxi which freed his province from the civil wars.
		This ended when he joined the Kuomintang Northern Expedition when it became clear it would be victorious.
	www.bookrags.com /Yan_Xishan (846 words)

	Free Resources of all types are available to people of every age and occupation worldwide
		1936) 24 Nov 1924 - 20 Apr 1926 Duan Qirui (b.
		1949) 25 Sep 1912 - 1 May 1913 Zhao Bingjun 1 May 1913 - 31 Jul 1913 Duan Qirui (acting) (s.a.) 31 Jul 1913 - 12 Feb 1914 Xiong Xiling (b.
		1930) 23 Mar 1918 - 10 Oct 1918 Duan Qirui (3rd time) (s.a.) 10 Oct 1918 - 13 Jun 1919 Qian Nengxun (b.
	siakhenn.tripod.com /chinarulers.html (4532 words)

	In Memory of Miss Liu Hezhen
		On March 25 in the fifteenth year of the Republic, the National Beijing Women's Normal College held a memorial service for two girls, Liu Hezhen and Yang Dequn, who were killed on the 18th in front of Duan Qirui's Government House.
		Moreover these made clear that this was not only murder but brutal murder, for their bodies bore the marks of clubs also.
		The Duan government, however, issued a decree declaring them "rioters."
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /marxists/archive/lu-xun/1926/04/01.htm (1592 words)

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