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	Duar War Biography on DanceAge
		The Duar War was a war fought between British India and Bhutan in 1864–1865.
		The Duar War (1864–1865) lasted only five months and, despite some battlefield victories by Bhutanese forces, resulted in Bhutan's defeat, loss of part of its sovereign territory, and forced cession of formerly occupied territories.
		Under the terms of the Treaty of Sinchula, signed on November 11, 1865, Bhutan ceded territories in the Assam Duars and Bengal Duars, as well as the eighty-three-square-kilometer territory of Dewangiri in southeastern Bhutan, in return for an annual subsidy of 50,000 rupees.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Duar_War (252 words)

	Bhutan Encyclopedia Article @ Warmed.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As part of the reparations, the Duars were ceded to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in exchange for a rent of Rs. 50,000.
		In 1907, an epochal year for the country, Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary king of the country by an assembly of leading Buddhist monks, government officials, and heads of important families.
		The northern Duars, which abuts the Himalayan foothills, has rugged, sloping terrain and dry, porous soil with dense vegetation and abundant wildlife.
	www.warmed.org /encyclopedia/Bhutan (4704 words)

	World InfoZone - Bhutan Facts
		Border conflicts between the British in India and the Bhutanese began in the eighteenth century.
		Britain and Bhutan fought the Duar War in 1864 and 1865.
		Following the war, the Treaty of Sinchulu ceded land to British India in return for an annual payment.
	www.worldinfozone.com /facts.php?country=Bhutan (252 words)

	Amazon.fr : Secret Justice: Livres en anglais: James W. Huston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Duar escapes, but a key member of his organization is captured.
		As he goes on trial for war crimes, Wahamed Duar begins his own trial, the first major tribunal conducted by the military to take place aboard the USS Belleau Wood.
		Duar may be a prisoner, but he still has big plans.
	www.amazon.fr /Secret-Justice-James-W-Huston/dp/0060008377 (663 words)

	Bhutan
		When civil war broke out in Pakistan in 1971, Bhutan was among the first nations to recognize the new government of Bangladesh, and formal diplomatic relations were established in 1973.
		The regions in the southern Duars valleys and eastern Bhutan around the fertile Tashigang Valley were the most populous areas.
		In the more militaristic premodern era, Bhutan also had an underclass of prisoners of war and their descendants, who were generally treated as serfs or even as slaves.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/bhutan/all.html (17560 words)

	Explore Bhutan >>> Yangphel Travel
		Ongoing tensions began to escalate on the matter of the Bengal and Assam Duars (southern approaches), leading to the Ashley Eden mission in 1864 and on the 12th November 1864 a British declaration of war annexing the Duars.
		During the one year Duar War the Bhutanese proved worthy opponents, gaining a reputation for their military skills, personified in a successful counteroffensive led by Jigme Namgyal.
		The Bhutanese surrendered all the Bengal and Assam Duars, imports from either country were to be recognized as duty-free and the British consulted concerning Bhutan's external relations.
	www.yangphel.com /learn/history/modernization.html (1170 words)

	Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Duars are mountain passes leading from the Indian plains to the Bhutanese interior and adjoining territory.
		There are 18 such duars, seven on the frontier of Assam and 11 on the frontier of Bengal.
		After the Indian rebellion in 1857, tension over territory culminated in the Duar War of 1865 after which the British occupied all the duars, cutting off Bhutan from all communication with the plains of Assam and Bengal.
	www.epw.org.in /showArticles.php?root=2006&leaf=04&filename=9937&filetype=html (9198 words)

	The Living Edens: Bhutan - People, Culture and History
		Missions led by Bogle and Hamilton in 1774-75, by Hamilton in 1776 and 1777, and by Turner and Davis in 1783 were characterized by mutual understanding and good Bhutanese-English relations.
		In the 19th century, things began to turn sour, and successive missions by Bose in 1815, Pemberton in 1838 and especially by Eden in 1863-64 saw increased animosity between the two countries, culminating in the Duar war in 1864-65.
		During the 20th century, only a few politicians, including Claude White and Lieutenant Weir (who were British Political Officers in Sikkim), and other public figures have come to Bhutan.
	www.pbs.org /edens/bhutan/Bhu_people3.htm (504 words)

	Bhutan British Intrusion, 1772-1907
		Subsequent missions to Bhutan were made by the British in 1776, 1777, and 1783, and commerce was opened between British India and Bhutan and, for a short time, Tibet.
		The British proceeded in 1841 to annex the formerly Bhutanesecontrolled Assam Duars, paying a compensation of 10,000 rupees a year to Bhutan.
		Among other demands, the mission sought increased compensation for its former Duars territories, but instead the British deducted nearly 3,000 rupees from the annual compensation and demanded an apology for alleged plundering of British-protected lands by members of the mission.
	www.country-studies.com /bhutan/british-intrusion,-1772-1907.html (978 words)

	Bhutan Information Center - bhutan flag
		After the decline of the Mongols in the 14th century, these sub-sects vied with each other for supremacy in the political and religious landscape, eventually leading to the ascendancy of the Drukpa sub-sect by the sixteenth century.
		As part of the reparations, the Duars were ceded to Britain in exchange for a rent of Rs.
		Most of the Duars is located in India, although a 10–15 km wide strip extends into Bhutan.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_A_-_C/Bhutan.html (4639 words)

	History of Bhutan - Keys to Bhutan
		The question of control of the Duars, a narrow tract of country extending along the foot of the lower range of the Himalayan mountains that separated British territory from Bhutan proper, rapidly wore down the goodwill established between the two countries by 18 century British trading mission.
		These developments led to the Duar War of 1864, during which the British forcibly annexed the eighteen Duars.
		By the second half of the 19th century the greatest authority in the land lay in the hands of quasi-independent, nonhereditary baronies.
	www.keystobhutan.com /bhutan/bhutan_history_monarchy.php (538 words)

	Meteoroloo.com :: Bhutan - map of bhutan
		The Trongsa Dzong.Until the early 17th century, Bhutan existed as a patchwork of minor warring fiefdoms bhutan constitution until unified by the Tibetan lama and military leader Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.
		In 1907, an epochal year for the country, Ugyen visit bhutan Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary king of the country by an assembly of leading Buddhist monks, government officials, and heads of important families.
		The northern Duars - which abuts the Himalayan foothills - has rugged, sloping terrain and dry, porous soil with dense vegetation and abundant wildlife.
	www.meteoroloo.com /Met-countries-a-b/Bhutan.html (3610 words)

	Bhutan India
		The ten-article treaty, in force in perpetuity, calls for peace between the two countries and assures Indian noninterference in Bhutan's internal affairs in return for Bhutan's agreeing "to be guided by the advice of the Government of India in regard to its external relations" (Article 2).
		Concerns were raised by Bhutan, however, during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War when there were doubts about India's ability to protect Bhutan against China (which sided with Pakistan) while fighting a two-front war.
		In 1960 the Druk Gyalpo had said that Bhutan was not 100 percent independent because of the 1949 treaty, and until Bhutan emerged into the world of international diplomacy by joining the UN in 1971, Article 2 of the treaty seemed intact.
	www.country-studies.com /bhutan/india.html (766 words)

	Nepali Translation Services
		A period of internal turmoil followed, heightened by Nepal's defeat in a war with the British from 1814 to 1816.
		A week later he reappointed another government, but the country is still very unstable because of the civil war with the Maoists, the various political factions, the king's attempts to take more control of the government and worries about the competence of Gyanendra's son and heir, Prince Paras.
		The UN refugee camps appear to be have been the spawning grounds of the new Bhutan Communist Party, the BCP, which announced itself in April 2003 and called for an overthrow of the monarchy, and perhaps to establish a 'people's war' similar to the nearby Nepalese People's War.
	www.verbatimsolutions.com /languages/nepali.php (1933 words)

	Welcome to Bhutan - History of Bhutan
		The 18th century brought the onslaught of yet another era and it began with Bhutan's invasion and occupation of the kingdom of Cooch Behar.
		A peace treaty was signed between the Bhutanese and British governments but was short lived as the border skirmishes continued for a hundred years leading to the Duar War (1864-1865).
		And the Duars were ceded to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in exchange for a rent of Rs.
	www.bhutanmysticbliss.com /bhutan-travel/history-of-bhutan.html (724 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The entire country is mountainous except for an 8-10 mile (13-16 km) wide strip of subtropical plains in the extreme south which is intersected by valleys known as the Duars.
		As part of the reparations, the Duars were ceded to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in exchange for a rent of Rs.
		Most of the Duars is located in India, although a 6–9 mile (10–15 km) wide strip extends into Bhutan.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Bhutan (4372 words)

	Bhutan Government, politics, assembly, judiciary, constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		But the conflicting interests between the two countries over the question of the Duars (the narrow southern plain) rapidly soured these good relations and the expeditions in the 19th century were marked by hostility.
		Continual skirmishes on the southern border from the 1830s onward escalated until they broke out, in 1864, into a conflict known as the Duar War.
		During this time, the progressive weakening of the central government became more marked and, in the second half of the 19th century, it contributed to the emergence of the power of the two main penlops, in Paro and Trongsa, who in fact controlled western Bhutan and central and eastern Bhutan respectively.
	www.windhorsetours.com /bhutan/government.php (2007 words)

	Secret Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When Lieutenant Ratham is investigated for the death of a member of Wahamad Duar's terrorist organization during interrogation, he finds he must defend himself before he can protect his country from a massive attack planned by Duar's organization.
		But when his capture-tactics are questioned, Rat's put on trial for war crimes.
		Meanwhile, Duar may be a prisoner, but he still has big plans.
	isbn.nu /0060008377 (715 words)

	Fictionwise eBooks: Secret Justice by James W. Huston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Duar took the far side of the table, the side facing the single door.
		Acacia examined Duar, a man neither he nor Lahoud had ever met but knew by reputation.
		Duar had finally agreed to the meeting with Lahoud, one of the world's leading arms merchants, because Lahoud could deliver what Duar wanted most--weapons grade plutonium.
	www.fictionwise.com /ebooks/eBook10821.htm (792 words)

	Duar War - Everything on Duar War (information, latest news, articles,...)
		Duar War - Everything on Duar War (information, latest news, articles,...)
		The Duar War was a war fought between British India and Bhutan in 1864-1865.
		The Duar War (1864-65) lasted only five months and, despite some battlefield victories by Bhutanese forces, resulted in Bhutan's defeat, loss of part of its sovereign territory, and forced cession of formerly occupied territories.
	www.spiritus-temporis.com /duar-war (264 words)

	Bhutan Archery, Yangphel Enterprise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		For example, during the war fought against the British long ago (Duar war fought in 1864-65 between Bhutan and the British.), an arrow was shot from a mountain (Yongla Gonpa, overlooks the Deothang valley in South eastern Bhutan.
		Jealous at Lha, who enjoy the fruits, the Lhamin waged war against them who are believed to have used bows and arrows as weapons for the first time.
		Bows and arrows held by gods depicted in their wrathful form are known as the Bow of Knowledge and Arrow of Wisdom.
	www.bhutanarchery.com /orgin/orgin.htm (611 words)

	Alipurduar
		The town has special significance from tourism perspective since the Buxa tiger reserve is in close proximity of Alupurduar.
		The original name was Alipur meaning the place where Ali leaved, the Duar was added to distinguish it from the Alipore of Calcutta.
		The subdivision is located at the extreme east of West Bengal bordering the state of Assam.
	www.east-himalaya.com /dooars/alipurduar.htm (144 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Bhutan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The skirmishes eventually led to the Duar War (1864andndash;1865), a confrontation over who would control the Bengal Duars.
		As part of the reparations, the Duars were ceded to Britain in exchange for a rent of Rs.andnbsp;50,000.
		Most of the Duars is located in India, although a 10andndash;15andnbsp;km wide strip extends into Bhutan.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/bhutan (4662 words)

	Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights: PART II: OIL FUELS THE WAR
		The situation in the oil concession area known as Block 5A is quite similar to the situation in the GNPOC concession, Blocks 1, 2, and 4, in that they are both oil-rich areas of Western Upper Nile/Unity State and the government has displaced civilians from them to clear the way for foreign oil operations.
		Everything south of the government garrison town of Bentiu, including the towns of Duar, Koch, and Ler, had been abandoned or lost by the government to rebel forces by 1986.
		It was the war of their ally Paulino Matiep, and they benefited from Paulino Matiep’s actions.
	hrw.org /reports/2003/sudan1103/12.htm (6953 words)

	Bhutan Britain Duar War 1864-1865
		After the British occupied Assam and made the area part of British India (1826), a longtime frontier dispute began with the state of Bhutan to the north.
		In the early 1860s, the Bhutanese took strategic frontier mountain passes (duars) from the Assamese and paid no head to the British demand to surrender the lands or give tribute.
		By the Treaty of Sinchula, Bhutan ceded the southern passes and set free all captured British, and the British in return agreed to pay an annual subsidy to Bhutan for the passes.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/delta/duar1864.htm (472 words)

	Comprehensive information and links about Bhutan
		To defend the country against intermittent Tibetan forays, Namgyal built a network of impregnable (fortresses), and promulgated a code of law that helped to bring local lords under centralised control.
		During the 1870s, power struggles between the rival valleys of Paro and Trongsa led to civil war in Bhutan, eventually leading to the ascendancy of Ugyen Wangchuck, the (governor) of Tongsa.
		Most of the Duars is located in India, although a 10â“15km wide strip extends into Bhutan.
	www.quicknation.com /Bhutan.htm (4006 words)

	Bhutan - Table B. Bhutan: Chronology of Important Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		1864 Civil war waged in Bhutan; British seek peace relationship with both sides.
		1864-65 Duar War waged between Britain and Bhutan.
		1883-85 Period of civil war and rebellion leads to a united Bhutan under Ugyen Wangchuck.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-1439.html (505 words)

	Amazon.ca: Secret Justice: Books: James W. Huston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Wheels of power are turning rapidly in Washington as politicians use the complex international situation to disguise their real motives of crushing their political enemies while fighting the war on terrorism.
		As a military tribunal convenes to determine the fate of terrorist leader Wahamed Duar, another courtroom drama is about to unfold: the trial of Lt. Rathman for war crimes and murder.
		But Duar's capture may have come too late and at too high a cost, setting in motion a potentially devastating nightmare of destruction on American soil.
	www.amazon.ca /Secret-Justice-James-W-Huston/dp/0060008385 (1107 words)

	Heroes of Medicine: Rescue in Sudan
		Located in south Sudan's western Upper Nile region, Duar found itself at the epicenter of a deadly epidemic--one of the least publicized to hit Africa in recent decades--that raged through the late 1980s and the 1990s.
		Of Duar's more than 1,000 original inhabitants, only four were left alive.
		The epidemic also took the lives of more than 100,000 people in the surrounding region.
	www.time.com /time/reports/heroes/sudan.html (358 words)

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