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	Dublin Lockout - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dublin Lockout of 1913 was the most severe industrial dispute in the history of Ireland, a general lockout of workers in Dublin meant to contain the expansion of trade unions.
		Dublin's workers, amongst the poorest in the United Kingdom, were forced to survive on generous but inadequate donations from the Trades Union Congress (TUC) and other sources in Ireland, doled out dutifully by the ITGWU.
		The ITGWU was badly damaged by its defeat in the Lockout, and was further hit by the departure of Larkin to America in 1914 and the execution of James Connolly for his part in the nationalist Easter Rising in 1916.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dublin_Lockout (836 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dublin and its surrounding area have a long-standing history of the (self-) development of distinctive working-class communities, going back at least to the urban Liberties of the 18th century.
		This history is still in progress - as Dublin expands to include neighbouring towns, as traditional working-class neighbourhoods are gentrified, as working-class women in particular enter new occupations, and as new generations of immigrants enter working-class areas.
		Working-class communities in Dublin have not only been exposed to centuries of economic change and urban redevelopment; they have also been, as EP Thompson puts it, “actors in their own making”.
	www.as.ysu.edu /~cwcs/WorkingclassDublin.doc (872 words)

	1913 Dublin Lockout : Dublin 1913 - 1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A 1987 healthstudy (for the whole country, although Dublin figures are not thought to be very different) showed a life expectancy for male travellers of 10 years less than settled males, and for female travellers of 12 years less than settled women.
		Although Dublin dominated employment in the services sector' in previous years, the growth rate since 1971 has fallen behind that of the rest of the Republic.
		Dublin's share of the national total of manufacturing firms thus declined from 30.9% to 25% during this period.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/cc1913/dublin.html (2041 words)

	Multitext - Dublin, 1913—Strike and Lockout
		The death rate in Dublin (27.6 per 1000) was bad as Calcutta, and the city’s slums were amongst the worst in the world.
		And Dublin, being the epitome of Ireland, it is not strange to find that Dublin, a city famous for its charitable institutions and its charitable citizens, should also be infamous for the perfectly hellish conditions under which its people are housed, and under which its men, women and children labour for a living.
		The Dublin struggle had fired the hearts and minds of the working classes throughout the length and breadth of Ireland… Most significant of all, the most helpless of all classes had learned the lesson of its power and in the learning had proved itself worthy of Ireland’s bravest traditions.
	multitext.ucc.ie /d/Dublin_1913Strike_and_Lockout (8796 words)

	Socialist Party archives - Great 1913 Lockout, Militant, 1983
		Their weapon was to be the lockout, and with utter ruthlessness they declared war on the working class.
		The Ranks workers and the Dublin painters who were recently freed from jail by the threat of general strikes in Dublin are not the first.
		Visitors to Dublin were shocked by the squalor, of the children dressed only in sacks and men and women as thin as rakes with the rags hanging off them.
	www.geocities.com /socialistparty/LabHist/1913.htm (3482 words)

	Dublin
		It is an important contribution to working class history, especially as the events in Dublin in 1913 and 1914 raise general issues concerning trade unionism, nationalism, and the role of religion.
		The Archbishop of Dublin, Dr William Walsh (who was an Irish Nationalist and had also been one of those who had instigated the campaign to topple Parnell) immediately issued a statement condemning this as a danger to the children's souls.
		The facts themselves – the continuing dire and desperate poverty, unemployment, emigration, slums, and ill-health – were to confirm that it was indeed not "English rule" or "foreign domination", but capitalism, that had been the cause of the problems the workers in Ireland had had to face in 1913, 1914 and before.
	www.worldsocialism.org /spgb/feb02/dublin.html (2200 words)

	James Connolly: Disturbed Dublin (1914)
		Thus, as it afterwards transpired, the Dublin officials practically sacrificed their own members in Belfast, and worked a boat against which their own members were on strike, in order to keep their agreement with the Clyde Shipping Company, and in hopes that the matter would be settled by friendly discussion.
		It was settled by friendly discussion, but the spectacle of the Dublin members out of loyalty to an agreement working a boat struck by their fellow members in Belfast was so unexpected and bewildering that some two hundred members were lost to the union in the latter city as a consequence.
		Second: The statement that the Dublin men were receiving lower wages than the Belfast men, whereas the fact was that the Belfast men had only recently joined the union in an endeavour to raise their wages to the level of Dublin.
	www.marxists.org /archive/connolly/1914/11/distdub.htm (1664 words)

	The ITGWU and the Dublin Lock-out of 1913 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The death rate in Dublin, 27.6 per 1OOO, was as high as Calcutta's, The slums were the worst of any city in either Ireland or Britain.
		The workers of Dublin met the threat to destroy the Transport Union with a heroic resistance.
		On one side was the vast majority of the Dublin working class, on the other not only the employers of the city but the whole of the British ruling class and its state machinery.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/ws88_89/ws29_1913.html (3408 words)

	Ninety years since the Easter Rising \| Workers' Liberty
		In Dublin the union was rapidly organising the particularly downtrodden workers of the capital.
		The 1913-14 battle between the workers and the bosses in Dublin was fought in the context of the great “labour unrest”, one of the greatest upsurges of workers’ struggle in British history.
		During the Lockout some thousands of workers had volunteered, but after its end the setback which the labour movement had suffered, the fading once the big battle was over of such pressing and obvious need, and the outbreak of war, combined to ensure it never had more than a few hundred members.
	www.workersliberty.org /node/6145 (2695 words)

	UJC - 90 Years Later, Life of One Irish Jew Symbolic of Today's Ethnic Changes
		DUBLIN, May 10 (JTA) -- At a time when Ireland is trying to fashion a national history that accommodates its contemporary demographic changes, the story of Abraham Weeks, a Jew killed in the country's seminal 1916 Easter Rising, could prove emblematic.
		When the Easter Rising began in Dublin in April 1916, the city's small but burgeoning Jewish community was busy marking the foundation of a new, unified synagogue at the edge of "Little Jerusalem," a tightly packed enclave of red-brick artisan's dwellings.
		For one, his inclusion in the "Roll of Honour" shows that he belonged to the Irish Citizen Army, the socialist militia founded after the 1913 Dublin lockout by the famous union organizer James Larkin, also the newspaper's editor, as a force to protect strikers from attack.
	www.ujc.org /content_display.html?ArticleID=183430 (921 words)

	Michael Collins - Ireland of the Times
		The statue to Jim Larkin, a trade Union leader and organiser of the 1913 lockout, was erected in.
		Dublin Corporation purchased the building in 1851 and on the 30th September 1852 the Royal Exchange was re-named City Hall at the first meeting held there of Dublin City Council.
		Trinity located in the heart of Dublin was founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth 1.
	michaelcollins.warnerbros.com /cmp/ireland.html (1512 words)

	Irish nationalism and violence, background
		Their plan was centred on an insurrection in Dublin; to be supported by munitions, and hopefully troops from Germany, which were to be landed on the coast of County Kerry.
		But he himself increasingly doubted the likelihood of a successful revolt by the working class; its defeat in the 1913 Dublin Lockout had exposed its weakness and the prospect of Ireland’s partition (and the loss of the industrial north-east) threatened to weaken it further.
		Aware of plans for a Rising, he returned to Dublin in January 1916 and during Easter week served as Joseph Plunkett’s aide at the GPO; he was described as ‘the most effective and efficient officer in the place’.
	falcon.arts.cornell.edu /dg78/100.3/documents/ira1.htm (6180 words)

	Socialist Standard April 2006 The easter Rising-90 years on. Page 6 and 7
		The excuse for originally cancelling the Commemoration was that the army was so overstretched on foreign UN peace-keeping duties that it couldn’t stage a march of a couple of hours’ duration in Dublin.
		The fear was that the Provisional IRA might well be the political and military beneficiaries of a dramatic outburst of the patriotic emotion engendered by the establishment’s recognition of a Rising that had even less justification than the resuscitation of the IRA in 1970.
		At a practical level he appears to have been an inoffensive pedagogue but his writings reveal another side to the man, a side that might well have preoccupied a psychiatrist, for his alter ego was a soldier of destiny with an inclination for blood sacrifice.
	www.worldsocialism.org /spgb/apr06/page6.html (764 words)

	The_Risen_People - Page: 3 of 5
		Larkin had become the hero of the the Dublin working class, organising cultural events where people were discouraged from drinking, which he saw as a weapon that working people inflicted upon themselves, as well regular trade union activities.
		On 28 July 1913, the Dublin Trades Council passed a resolution, moved by Jim Larkin, in support of the bridge site.The proposal had been strongly opposed by William Martin Murphy.
		The scheme was strongly opposed by the Archbishop of Dublin in a letter read out in all the Churches in the Archdiocese.There was turmoil at the railway stations, at the North Wall and at Kingstown Pier.
	homepage.eircom.net /~therisenpeople/the_risen_people003.htm (1024 words)

	Michael Collins
		He was somewhat of an unknown in Dublin since most of his reputation was left in the Irish cliques of London.
		Dublin was in shambles, with enormous slums, high infant mortality and unemployment.
		While waiting in line to be processed he heard his name called from the opposite end of the building and mustering all his courage he walk across the room and stayed there with the minor participants.
	www.usna.edu /EnglishDept/ilv/collins.htm (2985 words)

	Multitext - James Larkin
		His success caused alarm and fear among the Dublin employers because he was becoming too powerful and too popular with the working class of Dublin.
		He served on the Dublin Trades Council and became a Dublin city councillor and a deputy in Dáil Éireann from 1927 to 1932 and again from 1943 to 1944.
		Larkin, ‘friend of the workers’, died in Dublin on 30
	multitext.ucc.ie /d/James_Larkin (1222 words)

	THE YEADON LOCKOUT AND HUNGER MARCHES OF1913
		Another important factor in the lockout was the strong sense of community which was evident in the Yeadon district throughout the dispute.
		So as the lockout continued the workers began to feel the pinch and were offered assistance by a number of unions and Labour bodies despite the claims of other disputes taking place in the Leeds and Bradford area.
		Lockwood disagreed: the lockout notices posted at the mills stated that the mills would be closed until the dispute was settled; it was evidently intended that outstanding matters should be settled before the mills re-opened.
	www.angelfire.com /ma/Socialworld/Yeadon.html (13375 words)

	Exhibitions in Dublin. Current and Upcoming Exhibitions Listings in Dublin, Ireland
		Dublin has got a lot to amuse and excite you with its resourceful exhibitions.
		Whether you are interested in art and craft or some amazing facts, Dublin Exhibitions will surely hypnotize you with the quality and artistic niche of work exhibited there.
		Description: This new exhibition examines the decade of disturbance between 1913 and 1923, from the Dublin Lockout, through the Easter Rising to the end of the Civil War.
	www.dublinevents.com /events/exhibitions (822 words)

	Labour Party (Ireland) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, after the defeat of the trade unions in the Dublin Lockout of 1913 the labour movement was weakened, and the emigration of James Larkin in 1914 and the execution of James Connolly in 1916 further damaged it.
		In Larkin's absence, William X. O'Brien became the dominant figure in the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union and wielded considerable influence in the Labour Party.
		Former Democratic Left TD Pat Rabbitte became the new leader, the first to be elected directly by the members of the party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Labour_Party (1865 words)

	SHOWDOWN 1913
		When the TUC delegation returned from Dublin, it was agreed that financial donations would be sent to Dublin, from the TUC war chest, and by other donations from individual unions.
		They did not mind the leaders of Dublin workers have to waddle in the shit for months, but they were damned if they were going to have to get their hands dirty too.
		The belief of many left thinkers is that the leaders of the TUC saw how bloody, prolonged and time consuming the struggle in Dublin was, and when faced with the possibility of similar scenes on their own doorstep said 'no thanks', and let the chance to emancipate the workers, go bye.
	www.geocities.com /young_socialist_106/showdown_1913.htm (3660 words)

	Lest We Forget: Jim Larkin, Irish Labor Leader
		Jim Larkin died in Dublin on January 30, 1947, at the age of 69.
		The heroism of the Dublin workers and their wives during this lockout constitutes one of the noblest chapters in the story of the labor movement anywhere in the world during this present century.
		He was still feared and hated in Dublin, and I am sure that when he drew his last breath, he was, equally, the object of fear and hatred.
	www.workersrepublic.org /Pages/Ireland/Larkin/lestweforget.html (3895 words)

	James Connolly and the Easter Rising
		The wave of strikes was countered by the employers in the notorious Dublin lockout of 1913.
		The Dublin bosses, organised by William Martin Murphy, the chairman of the Employers' Federation and owner of the Irish Independent newspaper, set out to crush the workers and their organisations.
		Throughout the lockout, Larkin and Connolly repeatedly appealed to the class solidarity of the British workers.
	www.marxist.com /History/easter_rising401.html (3404 words)

	James Connolly: Dublin Lock-Out and Sequel (1915)
		Thus strung together in bonds of gold and self-interest, you might think they were well equipped for beating a lot of poor workingmen and women with no weapons but their hands, and no resources but their willingness to suffer for the right.
		The locked-out worker who attempted to speak to a scab in order to persuade him or her not to betray the class they belonged to, was mercilessly set upon by uniformed bullies, and hauled off to prison, until the prison was full to overflowing with helpless members of our class.
		That demand was eventually met by the employers, and at a Conference between the representatives of the Union and the Employers were prepared to settle matters through the Union, and that whatever terms were then agreed upon would determine the rates for the quays and elsewhere, wherever our men were employed.
	www.marxists.org /archive/connolly/1915/05/lckoutsq.htm (617 words)

	ireland.com / Focus / The 1916 Rising
		Founded by James Larkin in 1913 after the bitter Dublin lockout, the Citizen Army was originally intended as a means of protecting strikers against attack.
		This is reflected in the face that five commissioners of the Garda Síochána have been sons or grandsons of RIC men.
		From February 1916 the RIC had been warning Dublin Castle that a rising was being planned with German support.
	www.ireland.com /focus/easterrising/sunday/article2b.htm (914 words)

	Women in the Irish nationalist movement 1900-1916 \| Workers' Liberty
		At the time of the Dublin Lockout in 1913, Griffith called for the strikers to be bayoneted, and Sinn Fein denounced the SS "Hare", which brought food aid from the British labour movement to the locked out Irish workers, because its cargo was made up of non-Irish goods*24.
		The events of the Dublin Lockout of 1913 are a good vantage point from which to assess the tensions between feminism and labour.
		A further development during the Lockout was the formation of the Irish Citizen Army, "a workers' militia to defend the working class against the police"*48.
	www.workersliberty.org /node/5204 (5154 words)

	BOOKS REVIEW
		As many thousands of Dublin workers began moving to the left, Griffith tried to convince them that there was no alternative to capitalism: 'I deny that capital and labour are in their nature antagonistic.
		Yeates attempts to justify the inaction of the trade union leaders by arguing that 'they had learned that the use of the sympathetic strike was not only costly and risky but frequently ineffective', and 'experience had demonstrated unequivocally that the sympathetic strike did not work'.
		Padraig Yeates has written a big, absorbing history of the Dublin Lockout, but it is not the definitive one.
	pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk /sr250/books.htm (4407 words)

	The Seattle Times: Travel: Strolling the neighborhood pubs of Dublin and London
		DUBLIN — Fifty of us are squeezed into an upstairs room at the Duke, a neighborhood pub described as a good place to meet friends when you want to chat without shouting and spitting at each other.
		Our group huddled in a dark courtyard around Freed as she explained what it was like for Goldsmith ("She Stoops to Conquer") to be a poor student here in the 1740s.
		In approaching passers-by for beer money, it was important to be able to tell the difference between a Catholic (generally on the employers' side) and a Protestant (union sympathizers), Reid explained.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/travel/134682336_pubs27.html (1526 words)

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