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	Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Richelieu was the fourth of five children and the last of three sons, born in Paris in 1585.
		Meanwhile, the unsuccessful Marie de Médicis was exiled to Compiègne.
		In 1622, Richelieu was elected the proviseur or principal of the Sorbonne.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu (3784 words)

	Richelieu - MSN Encarta
		After 1630, when Marie de Médicis unsuccessfully intrigued to have her former protégé removed from his position, Richelieu was the virtual ruler of France.
		To assure friendly relations with England, Richelieu's first important measure was to arrange a marriage between the king's sister, Henrietta Maria, and the Prince of Wales, afterward Charles I of England.
		Richelieu, by vigorous and effective measures, succeeded in breaking the political power of the great families of France—making the king an absolute ruler—and in establishing France as the first military power of Europe.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577648/Richelieu.html (451 words)

	Cardinal Richelieu \| Prime Minister of France
		Richelieu adhered to the maxim that "the ends justify the means." Although he devoutly believed in the mission of the Roman Church, he sought to assign the church a more practical role.
		Richelieu argued that the state is above everything, and that religion is a mere instrument to promote the policies of the state.
		The Shade of Cardinal Richelieu by Alexandre Dumas.
	www2.lucidcafe.com /lucidcafe/library/95sep/richelieu.html (693 words)

	Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Richelieu returned to France in 1814; on the return of Napoleon from Elba he accompanied Louis XVIII as far as Lille, whence he went to Vienna to join the Russian army, believing that he could best serve the interests of his king and of France by attaching himself to the headquarters of czar Alexander.
		After the murder of the duc de Berry and the enforced retirement of Decazes, he was again called to the premiership (February 21, 1821); but his position was untenable owing to the attacks of the "Ultras" on the one side and the Liberals on the other and on December 12, 1821, he again resigned.
		Great part of Richelieu's correspondence with Pozzo di Borgo, Capo d'Istria and others, with his journal of his travels in Germany and the Turkish campaign, and a notice by the duchesse de Richelieu, is published by the Imperial Historical Society of Russia, vol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_du_Plessis,_Duc_de_Richelieu (855 words)

	Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de, 1766-1822, French statesman.
		In his domestic policy, Richelieu favored leniency toward the ex-revolutionists and Bonapartists, thus displeasing the ultraroyalists headed by the king's brother, the comte d'Artois (later King Charles X).
		Richelieu resigned in 1818, but returned to power in 1820, after the murder of the duc de Berry caused the fall of Élie Decazes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-richelaep.html (222 words)

	Duc de Richelieu - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Duc was the grand nephew of Cardinal Richelieu, who as Prime Minister, had centralized the government in the 1600's during the reign of Louis XIII, and made the king the sole source of power in France.
		Richelieu had been elected a member of the Academy in 1720 (most likely because Cardinal Richelieu had founded the academic society in 1644), and he entered Parlement a year later.
		The privileges of the nobility were associated with their participation in the military, and Richelieu fought with distinction in a number of campaigns that occurred between 1733 and 1758.
	www.visitvoltaire.com /v_richelieu_large.htm (362 words)

	Cardinal Richelieu
		It was on this date, September 9, 1585, that Armand-Jean du Plessis, the Duc de Richelieu, who achieved prominence during the reign of French King Louis XIII as Cardinal Richelieu, was born in Paris, the son of Maria de' Medici.
		Richelieu is acknowledged as one of the greatest statesmen of the seventeenth century, but his independence from Rome in religious and political matters is rarely mentioned in popular histories.
		Richelieu founded the Académie Française, a brilliant method of unifying the French people by unifying the French language: the Academy decided proper spelling and grammar for French, and what is, and is not, a proper French word.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0909almanac.htm (693 words)

	Richelieu, Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, duke French nobleman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The son of Louis-Antoine-Armand du Plessis, duc de Fronsac, and grandson of Louis-FranÃois-Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu and marshal of France, Armand took over his grandfather's duties at court as first gentleman of the bedchamber (1785).
		Succeeding his father as duc de Richelieu (1791), he fought with the royalists under the Prince de CondÈ (1792) and with the Austrians (1793-94).
		Visiting Russia in 1795, Richelieu was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Cuirassiers of St. George, and later Tsar Alexander I appointed him governor of Odessa (1803) and governor general of New Russia, the area between the Dniester River and the Caucasus (1805).
	www.odessit.com /cgi/win.cgi/namegal/english/duke.htm (297 words)

	Duc de Richelieu -
		Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1696-1788) was the grand nephew of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), who as Prime Minister during the reign of Louis XIII, had helped France to become the leading power in Europe.
		Richelieu was known as the champion adulterer of the 18th century in France.
		With the Duc's encouragement, she began advanced studies with professors of physics and mathematics from the Sorbonne, whom she hired as tutors, and who came to her home for several hours of instruction and discussion each week.
	www.visitvoltaire.com /e_richelieu_large.htm (540 words)

	l'arbre de famille généalogique de la Maison de Cour - pafg15 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Anne-Marie Du Plessis de Richelieu [Parents] was born in 1694 in Paris.
		Armand Jean Du Plessis de Richelieu was born on 10 Mar 1629 in le Harve de Grace.
		Anne-Marie Du Plessis de Richelieu was born in 1694.
	www.angelfire.com /vt2/larbre/pafg15.htm (690 words)

	Page 44
		At the end of the blvd. was the moument of is the bronze statue of a French nobelman Duc de Richelieu [erected in 1826] to remember it was he designed and created Odessa city while he was Governor-General from 1803 to 1914....
		Duc de Richelieu was christian Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septimanie [sic] du Plessis in the year of his birth 1766.
		He was the son of Louis de Plessis, the duc of de Fraonsac, and, the grandson of the well known marshal of Richelieus.
	members.aol.com /remmick9/Remmick.Home.Site.5/Page44.html (3634 words)

	Side Effects (of living and being me) :: Cardinal Richelieu :: September :: 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Richelieu was a charismatic man. One could not like him, but he was feared and respected in spite of his macchiavelian ways.
		The Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the King’s “Chief Minister.” As a result, he is sometimes considered to be the world’s first Prime Minister.
		Richelieu, however, survived the scheme, and Marie was exiled as a result.Habsburg Spain exploited the French conflict with the Huguenots to extend its influence in northern Italy.
	bellatryx.blogs.ie /2006/09/26/cardinal-richelieu (4018 words)

	guccia - pafg12 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Louis Francois Armand DU PLESSIS DE RICHELIEU 3rd Duc de Richelieu was born in 1696.
		Louis Francois Armand DU PLESSIS DE RICHELIEU 3rd Duc de Richelieu [Parents] was born in 1696 in in Paris.
		Marie Elisabeth Sophie DE LORRAINE was born in 1710.
	www.angelfire.com /empire/lampedusa_cour/pafg12.htm (379 words)

	The In Nomine Collection: Saint Richelieu
		For a good deal of time, Richelieu did little about the matter other then analyse the reports given to him by his agents, trying to determine which side was which, and limiting the negative effects of these agents on France and his own network of agents.
		While Richelieu's life was filled with acts both noble and ignoble, overall the Cardinal's actions had been motivated by Faith and Patriotism, two traits that resonated with high honor to the Archangel.
		After his death, Richelieu (having already accomplished his Destiny) was greeted by Laurence and given an administrative position in the Cathedral of the Sword, helping the Archangel to better organise the network of Soldiers of God still operating on Earth.
	www.sjgames.com /in-nomine/articles/new/Gallery/saints/richelieu.html (905 words)

	CHAPTER X
		The duc de Richelieu, not wishing to appear as one of the tyrants of the king, gave a different turn to the conversation.
		My presentation was, however, a matter of first-rate importance to me and to my partizans, and the duc de la Vrilliere was gained over to my side, by making him believe that the king would yield to my desires, and that then I should remember all those who opposed my elevation.
		The duc d'Aiguillon also drew over to my party M. Bertin, who bore no love to the Choiseuls, and who saw that the preponderance of interest was on my side of the scale.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Barry/00000020.htm (2592 words)

	Armand Jean du Plessis Duc de Richelieu
		Richelieu was born in Paris on September 9, 1585, and embarked on a military career.
		After 1630, when Marie de Medici unsuccessfully intrigued to have her former protégé removed from his position, Richelieu was the virtual ruler of France.
		Richelieu, by vigorous and effective measures, succeeded in breaking the political power of the great families of France-making the king an absolute ruler-and in establishing France as the first military power of Europe.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/riley/787/30/France/riche.html (407 words)

	French Heraldry: Marshalling of Arms
		Portrait of the cardinal de Richelieu, by Philippe de Champaigne.
		His great-grandson Crétien-Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (1721-94) was one of the defenders of Louis XVI during his trial at the Convention in 1792.
		The vicomte de Ségur's arms were: écartelé 1 et 4, contr'écartelé de gueules au lion d'or et d'argent plein (Ségur), 2 et 3 d'azur à deux fasces d'or accompagnées de cinq coquilles d'argent 2, 2 et 1, celle en pointe soutenue d'un croissant du même (Aguesseau).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/frmarshal.htm (1642 words)

	Marshal de Richelieu
		Governor of the province, Maréchal de Richelieu appreciated the wine of La Mission.
		His successor, Maréchal Duc de Mouchy, continued the tradition of serving La Mission, but with more moderation : he was a refined and austere man, very different from Richelieu.
		Their son-in-law, Duc de Duras, shared his penchant for this great wine.
	haut-brion.com /home/en/history/mhb-richelieu.php (218 words)

	Richelieu — FactMonster.com
		Visited (1609) by Samuel de Champlain, the French explorer, the river was the route of early explorers.
		Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de - Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de (Cardinal Richelieu) (zhäN), 1585–1642, French...
		Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de - Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de, 1766–1822, French statesman.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0841831.html (194 words)

	Sri Ramakrishna Math : The Vedanta Kesari, Apr 2005
		The Duke of Richelieu, a Marshal of France and scion of the French nobility, died on May 30, 1952, at the age of seventy-six.
		The Duke of Richelieu, born in Paris, was the son of the second Duc Armand de Richelieu and the former Marie Alice Heine, who after her first husband's death married Prince Albert of Monaco.
		In the Duke's opinion, man is not passive, but is an active agent; and history seemed to him to be the story not of man's evolution, but of his creation, of his conscious effort to bring about change both in himself and in his surroundings.
	www.sriramakrishnamath.org /magazine/vk/2005/4-5-1.asp (1781 words)

	eReader.com: Excerpt from Sex with Kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		According to Madame de Sévigné, as the bride was approaching, "the King was so curious to know what she looked like that he sent Sanguin [his chief butler] whom he knows to be a truthful man and no flatterer.
		The duc de Richelieu, an aging roué, had enjoyed the beautiful blonde so much that he recommended her to the jaded king.
		Dour Madame de Maintenon was past menopause when she secretly married Louis, but at the age of seventy-five she complained to her priest that the king insisted on sex every day, sometimes several times.
	www.ereader.com /product/book/excerpt/17297 (4697 words)

	908. Armand Jean du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642). Respectfully Quoted: A Dictionary of Quotations. 1989
		Armand Jean du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642).
		Armand Jean du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585–1642)
		Adlai Stevenson was reminded “with a shudder” of Richelieu’s words, “Give me six sentences written by the most innocent of men and I will hang him with them,” in his Call to Greatness, p.
	www.bartleby.com /73/908.html (191 words)

	Duc de Richelieu -
		Le succès de Richelieu auprès des femmes était dû à sa capacité de comprendre une maîtresse et de l'aider à réaliser son idéal.
		Avec l'encouragement du duc, elle entama des études supérieures avec des professeurs de physique et de mathématiques de la Sorbonne, qu'elle engageait comme professeurs particuliers et qui venaient chez elle plusieurs heures par semaine pour l'instruction et la discussion.
		Le duc était le libertin de son époque et a eu des liaisons amoureuses pendant toute sa vie.
	www.visitvoltaire.com /f_e_richelieu_large.htm (583 words)

	Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de — FactMonster.com
		Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de — FactMonster.com
		In 1816 Richelieu persuaded the king to dissolve the extreme reactionary chamber of deputies (the so-called
		Richelieu resigned in 1818, but returned to power in 1820, after the murder of the duc de Berry caused the fall of Élie
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0841829.html (220 words)

	Chicago Area Mensa / Mensa of Illinois / Cheap Eats
		The most common and widely accepted story is that it was invented in 1756 to honor the victory of French Admiral La Galissoniére and Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, who had commanded the siege against the British at Port Mahon in Minorca.
		The sauce was dubbed Mahonnaise, in honor of the Duc’s victory at Mahon.
		An alternate version of the tale is that Richelieu’s chef simply took with him to France a sauce he discovered in Mahon.
	www.chicago.us.mensa.org /features/cheats/200303.html (1124 words)

	Movie-Vault.com :: Over 2000 Reviews and Counting...
		Lee, sporting a graying goatee, an expensively tailored three-piece suit, and cane, is typically charismatic (and memorable) as the Duc de Richelieu, a man of obviously independent means well-versed in the occult sciences.
		The Duc de Richelieu is first introduced to the audience waiting for his friend and confidante, Rex Van Ryn (Leon Greene), as Rex lands a biplane on a grass field.
		The Duc and Rex’s inadvertent appearance is quickly discovered, but not before they discover the nature of the meeting and Makota’s desire to initiate Simon into his cult.
	www.movie-vault.com /reviews/uRLKxTfLABdBogCs (990 words)

	Devil Rides Out DVD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Fleeing with Simon back to the Duc’s estate, Rex and de Richelieu are unable to free the boy from Mocata’s long reaching spell, and he escapes along with another disciple, Tanith (Nike Arrighi), to a fl mass ceremony in the woods.
		THE DEVIL RIDES OUT is a fast moving, episodic film that features many memorable moments including the Duc’s discovery of a pentagram in Simon’s observatory, the fl mass ceremony in the woods, and the climax in which the Satanists are destroyed by the Duc.
		However, the most suspenseful part of THE DEVIL RIDES OUT is the lengthy sequence in which the Duc, Rex, Simon, Marie, and her husband are trapped inside the protective pentagram.
	www.dvdcult.com /rev_DevilRides.htm (1499 words)

	Theatrical Muse - Madame de Pompadour vs. duc de Richelieu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Our ever proud duc de Richelieu, newly arrived to serve his year at the First Gentleman of the Chamber.
		But a man of equal rank, and greater friendship, his words with the duc de La Valliere gained him no favor.
		Soon after, Louis, displeased to see his pleasures altered, quietly inquired of Richelieu how often he had been to the prisons.
	community.livejournal.com /theatrical_muse/8699753.html (716 words)

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